Conference Session

Writing and Communication II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Luke Niiler; David Beams, University of Texas-Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

2006-1521: HOW ENGINEERING STUDENTS LEARN TO WRITE: THE SECONDYEAR OF THE ENGINEERING WRITING INITIATIVE AT THE UNIVERSITYOF TEXAS AT TYLERLucas Niiler, University of Texas-Tyler LUKE NIILER is an Associate Professor of English in the Department of Languages and Literature at the University of Texas at Tyler. He received his BA degree from Gettysburg College and his MA and Ph.D. from the State University of New York at Buffalo.David Beams, University of Texas-Tyler DAVID M. BEAMS is an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Texas at Tyler. He received his BS and MS degrees from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in and the Ph.D. from the University of

Conference Session

BME Laboratory and Project Experiences

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Purvis Bedenbaugh, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

. Prior to joining the Department of Engineering faculty at East Carolina University, he served on the faculty of the Department of Neuroscience at the University of Florida College of Medicine. In addition to his academic appointment, Dr. Bedenbaugh serves as Chief Technology Officer for Cranial Medical Systems, Inc. Page 15.105.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 A Team-Based Nerve Cuff Simulation Project in a Third Year Foundations of Biomedical Engineering CourseAbstractA nerve cuff simulation group project was used to introduce first semester juniors to

Conference Session

Engineering in Societal Context

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan McWhirter, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Tripp Shealy, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

Shealy is an assistant professor in the Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and principal faculty member in the Myers-Lawson School of Construction at Virginia Tech. He received his doctorate from Clemson University. His research is broadly focuses on judgment and decision making for sustainable infrastructure. This includes engineering education for sustainability. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Bridging Engineering and Psychology: Using an Envision Gold Certified Project to Teach Decision Making for SustainabilityAbstract The objective of this research is to help engineering

Conference Session

Experiential Learning and Globalization in BME

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Burks Fasse, Georgia Institute of Technology; Paul Benkeser, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

AC 2011-1256: DEVELOPING THE GLOBAL BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERTHROUGH A 12-MONTH INTERNATIONAL UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCHEXPERIENCE IN THE U.S. AND CHINABarbara Burks Fasse, Georgia Institute of Technology Barbara Burks Fasse is an educational psychologist and senior research scientist in the Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech. Dr. Fasse studies the efficacy and value of student-centered learning initiatives– specifically Problem-Based and Project-Based Inquiry Learning– in classrooms, in- structional labs, and undergraduate research experiences. She joined the BME faculty in 2007 following ten years in Georgia Tech’s College of Computing where she was a member of the NSF-funded Learning By Design

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Endeavors: Engineering, Art and Society

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Brianna Benedict McIntyre, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

virtual workshop team focused on building a community of educators passionate about expanding their knowledge concerning diversity, equity, and inclusion in engineering education. Her most recent accomplishment was being recognized as one of seven AAC&U 2019 K. Patricia Cross Scholars based on her commitment to teaching and learning and civic engagement. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 “Blessing in Disguise”: Understanding the Racialized and Gendered Experience of a Black Woman’s Pathway in an Interdisciplinary Engineering ProgramThis research paper examines the experiences of a Black woman, Simone

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Victoria Gallagher; Tracey Weldon; Cynthia R. Haller; Richard M. Felder

one conversational participant undertakes toinstruct another concerning some topic of relevance to the situation at hand.We used the concept of the teaching sequence as an analytic tool for exploring how cooperativelearning is accomplished in student engineering groups. We would expect that in such groups,students would take on (and be permitted by others to take on) teacher and student roles indialogue according to the particular distribution of knowledge and technical expertise in thegroup. We sought to determine how engineering student groups managed teaching sequences as Page 4.210.2they accomplished their work together, and how gender and

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division (GSD) Technical Session 3: Advising in Graduate Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shannon Conner, Clemson University; Skylar Hubbarth, Clemson University; D. Matthew Boyer, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies Division (GSD)

personal connections they may notshare with a more senior mentor. Near-peer mentors are often perceived as more in tune with thestruggles of their mentees [1] and more approachable than an individual who identifies as an“expert” scientist [2]. Examples of near-peer mentoring relationships in academia include anupper-level student and a first-year student, an undergraduate student and a graduate student, or agraduate student and a new faculty member. Near-peer mentoring can positively affect both the mentor and the mentee. Studentmentees have stated that they feel more comfortable asking a near-peer mentor for academic helpthan they do a professor [3] and believe access to near-peer mentors promotes success in theircoursework [4]. Students

Conference Session

Intersections of Identity and Student Experiences: Equity, Culture & Social Justice Technical Session 10

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cole Joslyn, University of Texas at El Paso; Amira Williams, University of Texas at El Paso; Angelica Ann Littles

have moved many times due to my parents being in the military. While I didn’t enjoy being uprooted every year, moving exposed me to the many different cultural dynamics that were present across the United States. This ignited my appreciation for differences and my passion for people and social justice. My passion for people and their stories allowed me to start a podcast on behalf of my major to talk to students, faculty, and advisory board members. I also grew up in church, where I learned what it meant to serve from a young age. I am now the manager of my church’s café, as college and all-nighters to finish projects have turned me into a self-proclaimed coffee connoisseur. I try to lead everything I do with a

Conference Session

Teaching Mechanics of Materials

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Papadopoulos, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez ; Aidsa I. Santiago-Román, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez ; Genock Portela-Gauthier, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (2010).10We are aware of at least one other instance of implementing ASCE 7,11 and two instances ofimplementing the AISC code12,13 in introductory MoM, but the majority of instances occur inadvanced structural analysis or design courses. Many educators rightly raise questions as to whether commercial software and designcodes (i) are too advanced for use in introductory MoM and/or (ii) offer occasions to bypassnecessary theory and hand calculation.3,4,5 As our project is in its early phase, we do not yetknow what lessons we will learn that might edify these concerns. However, our approach isoptimistic and is developed with care to anticipate such issues in advance. With respect toquestion (i), one

Collection

2024 ASEE North Central Section Conference

Authors

Anne M Lucietto, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Diane L Peters P.E., Kettering University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

within this group. They turn to the community forguidance on navigating workplace issues, exploring new job opportunities, coping with layoffs,addressing childcare concerns, managing spousal dynamics, and sharing insights into their dailylives. The authors, one of whom is an 'engineering mom,' posit that such support networks couldplay a crucial role in retaining women in the engineering profession.Literature ReviewThere are several areas of literature relevant to this work and its specific questions. The key areasto consider are flexibility, bias, and work-life balance. These areas are chosen as the lens throughwhich the results are seen, in order to address the issues that lead to women leaving theengineering workforce after they have

Conference Session

Information and Network Security

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Usman Ghani, DeVry University; Ahmed S. Khan, DeVry University, DuPage

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

State University. His research interests are in the areas of Nanotechnology, Fiber Optic Communications, Faculty Development, Application of Telecom- munications Technologies in Distance Education, and Social and Ethical Implications of Technology. He is the author of many educational papers and presentations. He has authored/coauthored the following books: • Nanotechnology: Ethical and Social Implications (2012) • Technology and Society: Issues for the 21st Century and Beyond 3E, (2008) • The Telecommunications Fact Book and Illustrated Dictionary 2E (2006) • Fiber Optic Communication: An Applied Approach, Prentice Hall, N.J.(2002) • Technology and Society: A Bridge to the 21st Century (2002) • Technology and

Collection

2023 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Adam C. Lynch; Gary Brooking

2023 ASEE Midwest Section Conference1.2.4 Engineering Mechanics: Statics Studies have indicated that it is critical to ensure that the learning objectives of thespecific subject matter are noted, particularly when initiating active learning in engineeringeducation, it is essential to consider the specific subject matter and learning objectives [9]. As afundamental course in most engineering disciplines, Statics is an excellent common course toexperiment with the strategies of active learning. Statics is concerned with loads on bodies inequilibrium, either at rest or moving with constant velocity. Engineering students in Statics learnto solve increasingly more challenging problems with foundational principles. and the resultingimpact

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division: Best of FPD

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

effect size was also computed to inform issues related to Type II errors orincorrectly concluding a lack of difference between the compared groups [42]. Cohen’s d wasmanually calculated in the paired tests by dividing the mean difference by the standard deviation[43]. The rules of thumb are that Cohen’s d values of 0.2-0.5, 0.5-0.8, and above 0.8 representsmall, medium, and large effect sizes, respectively [44].Limitations: Students self-reported ND, which encompasses a broad range of conditions. Theliterature itself differs in the conditions that are classified as neurodiverse. In addition, formaldiagnosis varies among different demographic groups (e.g., [10]), with particular concerns thatfemales are underdiagnosed ([11]). Combining all

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Ohanian Perez, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

. “Among college experiences, three experiences are significantly related tochange in engineering identity. Students with greater concern for a career where they can workfor social change, students who receive more mentoring and support from faculty, and studentswho experience more negative cross-racial interactions also indicate developing a stronger senseof engineering identity” [19, p. 22]. The notion that a stronger identity as an engineer is formed ifa woman is singled out in class or clubs repeatedly seems counterintuitive. However the studypoints to the fact that as a woman or URM students are singled out the uniqueness of theiridentity is reaffirmed, among those students who persisted. The formation of an undergraduate’sidentity as an

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE) Technical Session 4: Engaging Authentic Engineering Practices

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meltem Alemdar, Georgia Institute of Technology; Dyanne Baptiste Porter, Georgia Institute of Technology; Abeera P. Rehmat, Georgia Institute of Technology; Michael Helms; Alexandra A. Towner, Georgia Institute of Technology; Roxanne Moore, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jeffrey H Rosen, Georgia Institute of Technology; Julia Varnedoe; Marc Weissburg

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

engaging supplemental design process, BID,in a way that enhanced the goals of core standards without distracting from them. In challengingenvironments with novice students, prior experience [9], literature [10], and teacher feedbackfrom summer professional learning [11], led curriculum designers to consider that studentsgravitated to physical design and prototyping activities, whereas early design process activitiessuch as problem definition and conceptual design were considered onerous for students, made itdifficult to maintain student focus, and could result in classroom management issues. Thus, thedesign team had to balance time and effort devoted to teaching core EDP learning standardsagainst the novel BID processes that would set the

Conference Session

COED: Online and Blended Learning Part 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nebojsa I. Jaksic, Colorado State University, Pueblo

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

computerassisted virtual environment (CAVE) EON Icatcher and EON Professional integrated developmentenvironment (IDE) software. Two groups of graduate students enrolled in the course for twoconsecutive years provided feedback through surveys, discussions, and informal interviews.Students gained practical experience with designing VR systems and VR environments,appreciated the labs, and were excited about their VR projects.IntroductionThe demand for new knowledge content is high in engineering education practice at the graduatelevel. It is expected that the graduate courses lead, or at least reflect, the current state oftechnological developments and scientific discoveries. To stay competitive and current,curriculum designers are under constant pressure to

Conference Session

Teaching & Learning Dynamics, Vibration, and Mechanics More Broadly

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Blake Everett Johnson, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Jason W Morphew, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

students, it may be too muchto ask them to understand the full analog-to-digital conversion process that a measurement devicedoes, and our course does not seek to teach such things. However, it can be considered within thescope of our class for the students to offer some justification for what degree to which theirmeasurements are to be trusted.Prior to our study, the lab course in question had for many years utilized a recipe‐based model toguiding students through the experimental procedures in their lab course. However, prompted byreview of ABET outcomes in 2013, faculty in the Mechanical Science and Engineering departmentat the University of Illinois decided that the lab course was failing at teaching students how todesign experiments.A new

Conference Session

Information and Network Security

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Scott Bell, Kansas State University; Eugene Y. Vasserman, Kansas State University; Eleanor C. Sayre, Kansas State University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

assessments 11 . Interview format can range from a very structured set of questionsthat is to be followed explicitly to a nearly unstructured format with few guidelines, depending onthe need and purpose of the research being performed 20 . This approach allows for new ideas to beuncovered and explored based on what the participants say, rather than potential preconceptionsof study authors. The end goal of such a qualitative study is to gain an understanding of theparticipant’s point of view concerning the course and its content 5,13 .MethodologyStudent volunteers were solicited from an introductory cybersecurity course and included bothupper division undergraduate as well as graduate students who participated in the semester longstudy. To help

Conference Session

Integrating Research

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kellie Grasman, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Suzanna Long, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Sean Michael Schmidt, Missouri University of Science & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

AC 2012-3147: HYBRID DELIVERY OF ENGINEERING ECONOMY TOLARGE CLASSESKellie Grasman, Missouri University of Science & Technology Kellie Grasman serves as an instructor in engineering management and systems engineering at Missouri University of Science and Technology. She holds graduate degrees in engineering and business admin- istration from the University of Michigan and began teaching in 2001 after spending several years in industry positions. She was named the 2011-12 Robert B. Koplar Professor of Engineering Management for her achievements in online learning. She serves as an eMentor for the University of Missouri System and earned a Faculty Achievement Award for teaching.Dr. Suzanna Long, Missouri

Conference Session

Writing and Communication II

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

James Hanson; Julia Williams

areencouraged to continue using the assignment and even to advocate its adoption by otherinstructors in the civil engineering department. There are areas that still need improvement,however. These include improving the manner in which the assignment is introduced andmodeled for students and reducing the grading load on instructors even further.After reflection on how the assignments were graded during the first two terms, the authors havedeveloped a detailed rubric for future use in the course (Table 2). The rubric will be presented tothe students along with the assignment description at the start of the course.Grading load continues to be a concern for the authors, but further consideration of the issue hasled us to consider new pedagogical strategies

Conference Session

Introduction to Engineering: The Present State

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Jerome Lavelle; Mary Clare Robbins

Session 1653 The First Year Engineering Course at NC State University: Design and Implementation Jerome P. Lavelle and Mary Clare Robbins North Carolina State UniversityIntroductionOver the past three years the freshmen engineering course in the College of Engineering at NorthCarolina State University has been substantially redesigned. This paper describes the design,implementation and assessment of the new course. This course has undergone substantialchange since 1996, Porter et al. previously reported on what had been implemented prior to19991 . In the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fei Hu, University of Alabama

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

innovative learning, to encourage students to generate creative engineeringdesign, our lab requirements do not specify unique solutions. Instead, we provide a series of directions forstudents’ imaginations. For instance, we point out “GPS brings high cost for tiny sensors due to expensivesatellite communication, what about using neighboring sensors to estimate the patient’s location?” “New issue: If using other sensors, should we use radios or sound? Radio is faster than sound. But slowsound propagation may make it easier to measure early-late difference…”  “If using sound, what mathmodel should be used to calculate triangle positions to locate a sensor?” The above level-to-level question-based, non-instructional lab style motivates

Conference Session

Information Literacy Programs for First-Year Engineering Students

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melissa Bowles-Terry, University of Wyoming; Larry Schmidt, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

thelibrary learning outcomes. Page 22.554.2Introduction & BackgroundIn the past decade there has been an increased impetus for assessment of student learningoutcomes in information literacy settings in general and at our institution.1 Because we regularlysee all first-year engineering students in library instruction, we identified the multi-sectionOrientation to Engineering (ES 1000) course as a good place to begin assessing engineeringstudents’ proficiency in information literacy skills. Many engineering faculty know theimportance of information literacy,2 due in part to the inclusion of information literacy andcritical thinking skills in the ABET criteria for

Conference Session

Student Entrepreneurial Skills and Mindset I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Reid, Ohio Northern University; Daniel Michael Ferguson, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

education. Page 22.622.2Background:Training engineers as entrepreneurs and innovators has been a hot topic in the popular andacademic press for at least the past decade. It is a generally held societal belief that anunderstanding of business principles by engineers along with enhancing entrepreneurialtendencies will lead to a greater number and more successful technical innovations for acompany1 or country 2-4. It is expected that such innovations will lead to economic wealth andjob creation, vital concerns of all societies. As many as 47 US universities now offerentrepreneurship courses to engineers 5. This belief in the value of engineering

Conference Session

Women in Engineering: A Potpourri

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Sheryl Gowen; Alisha Waller

defined the direction and scope ofsubsequent education policy and research in terms of gender equity. In 1964, Congress passedthe Civil Rights Act, which, among other things, prohibited racial discrimination in education.As a part of this Act, Congress also commissioned a national study to determine the extent ofracial inequality in terms of access to educational opportunity. With the passage of Title IX, in1972, discrimination on the basis of sex in educational institutions and programs was alsoprohibited, but, unlike the 1964 Civil Rights Act, no research to examine sex discrimination wasincluded in the legislation. In the early 1980’s, national concern about the growing shortage ofscientists and engineers gave rise to policy initiatives

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John K. Estell, Ohio Northern University; David Reeping, Ohio Northern University; Heather Sapp, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

needs. To address these issues, acritical re-evaluation of the term project’s target and structure was performed for the 2014-2015academic year.Revising the Term Project: ModificationsThe course where the engineering education majors learn to develop lesson plans for STEMoutreach activities was normally offered in the fall semester; consequently, the lesson plans usedby the programmers to create their applications were completed before the programming projectwas assigned. In a sense, the completed lesson plans implicitly presented themselves as “deaddocuments” meant to be followed, not as an invitation for suggestions. As a result, the qualitativeportion of the post-activity surveys conducted by the 2013-2014 introductory programmingcohort

Conference Session

Power Engineering & Curriculum Innovations

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Glenn J Bradford, University of Melbourne; Gavin Buskes, The University of Melbourne; Paul N Beuchat, The University of Melbourne

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)

. Prior to Intel, he worked on the implementation of software-radio based cellular products as a Senior Software Engineer at Motorola Solutions, Inc. He received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Notre Dame in 2014.Dr. Gavin Buskes, The University of Melbourne Gavin is an Associate Professor and Deputy Head (Academic) in the Department of Electrical and Elec- trical Engineering at the University of Melbourne, Australia. He teaches a wide range of engineering subjects and has research interests in optimal control, idea generation, prior knowledge and developing professional skills. He also holds the role of Assistant Dean (Teaching and Learning) in the Faculty of Engineering and Information

Conference Session

Pre-College: Perceptions and Attitudes on the Pathway to Engineering (3)

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meltem Alemdar, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jessica D. Gale, Georgia Institute of Technology, Center for Education Integrating Science, Mathematics, and Computing ; Jeremy Lingle, Georgia Institute of Technology; Sunni Haag Newton, Georgia Institute of Technology; Roxanne Moore, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jeffrey H. Rosen, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marion Usselman, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

ideas.Although students didn’t always provide such detailed accounts of their groups’ disagreements,this pattern of students resolving conflicting ideas about specific elements of their designsthrough testing was recurrent within the dataset. While relatively infrequent, there were students who reported negative experiencesworking in groups. Some students reported that they opted not to work in groups wheneverpossible because of a personal preference to work independently (e.g. “I just don’t like workingin groups”). However, students also cited issues with the motivation of their classmates and thedivision of labor among group members as concerns. For example, one 7th grade studentprovided the following account of their experience working in

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harold R. Underwood, Messiah College

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies

Paper ID #25686BYOE: Improving Experience with a Metal Detector Project for Electromag-neticsDr. Harold R. Underwood, Messiah College Dr. Underwood received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign (UIUC) in 1989, and has been a faculty member of the engineering Department at Messiah College since 1992. Besides teaching Circuits, Electromagnetics, and Communications Systems, he su- pervises engineering students in the Communications Technology Group on credited work in the Inte- grated Projects Curriculum (IPC) of the Engineering Department, and those who participate voluntarily

Conference Session

Design Cognition I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Crehan, University of Limerick; Niall Seery, University of Limerick; Donal Canty, University of Limerick; Diarmaid Lane, University of Limerick

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

the goals of technology education as being “a distinct form of creative activity wherehuman beings interact with their environments, using appropriate materials and processes inresponse to needs, wants and opportunities”5.‘Technical Education’ has existed on the Irish curriculum since its introduction in 18856.Upon its introduction, the goals of technical education were concerned with a vocationalethos where a practical skill sets were widely cherished. The fundamentals behind thedevelopment of technical education in Ireland were simple. In order to promote economicsuccess and progression the development of a workforce with a strong practical skill set wasrequired. However, in line with a global shift coupled with the changing needs of