Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jinjushang Chen, Florida State University; Jeannine E. Turner, Florida State University; Min Tang, College of Education, Learning and Cognition Program,Florida State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Benson, “Engineering Students' Epistemic Cognition in the Context of Problem Solving,” J. Eng. Educ., vol. 106, pp. 677-709, Oct. 2017.[10] C. Geraldine, E. Jan, L. Lieve, and B. Hadewych, “Assessing epistemological beliefs: Schommer's questionnaire revisited,” Educational Research and Evaluation: An International Journal on Theory and Practice, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 53-77, Mar. 2001.[11] W. A. Sandoval, “Understanding students' practical epistemologies and their influence on learning through inquiry,” Sci. Ed., vol. 89, pp. 634-656, June. 2005.[12] K. R. Muis, M. C. Duffy, G. Trevors, J. Ranellucci, and M. Foy “What were they thinking? Using cognitive interviewing to examine the validity of self-reported

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lois Joy; Nia Yisrael, Jobs for the Future

differences in theuse and understanding of the codes resolved through iterative discussions over several months.Also, having two case study schools for analysis and two different programs within each college,gave us the chance to explore how findings could be generalized. (Yin, 2013).3 Among the students that were interviewed, 7 were female, 21 were male, and 1 was neither. 77% of theinterviewed students were Black or Hispanic. See Table 2 for more details.4 Among the students we interviewed, 8 were female and 21 were male. 23% of the interviewed students wereBlack or Hispanic. See Table 2 for more details.5 At MECC because we were able to interview half of the 60 students who completed an internship during the 2019– 2020 school year, capturing a

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Thomas Litzinger

understanding of engine function, performance, emissions, and design constraints through their design projects reports and presentations. • Students will demonstrate their ability to use the thermal sciences in the analysis and preliminary design of engine systems by creating a thermodynamic model of a spark ignition engine and through their design reports. • Students will demonstrate their understanding of the interactions of technology and society through reflective essays and their reports on the ethical and societal impact of the regulation of small engine emissions. • Students will demonstrate effective team skills though successful completion of multiple team-based tasks and during in-class project sessions. • Students

Collection

2021 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Sumit Verma; Zahra Mansouri; R. Panneer Selvam

skills beyond classrooms (such as in industry or researchposition); however, training students using commercial software packages is too expensive asstated above. In addition to high costs, there are several other challenges such as availability of alimited number of licenses which may not be sufficient for the entire class. For instance, if only 8licenses of commercial software are available, but a class consists of 15 students, then, analternative strategy of instruction such as dividing the class into groups and teaching the groups indifferent shifts must be adopted. As the same teaching material is delivered to different groups atdifferent times, the effective class hours get compromised for learning new things. Besides,students may only be

Conference Session

Military and Veterans Division Technical Session 2: Veteran Identity & Inclusion

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca C. Atkinson, Clemson University; Catherine Mobley, Clemson University; Catherine E. Brawner, Research Triangle Educational Consultants; Susan M. Lord, University of San Diego; Michelle M. Camacho, University of San Diego; Joyce B. Main, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Military and Veterans

women SVEs. Studies onwomen veterans’ success in college and beyond are critical given evidence that women veteransexperience slightly higher rates of unemployment than male veterans [55].MethodsThe women veterans in this study were part of a larger qualitative study of student veterans inengineering programs at four institutions. The interview transcripts of women veterans whoparticipated in the larger study were specifically reviewed and coded for this particular study.We used several methods to recruit participants to our study, including contacting campus staffthat work with student veterans, posting flyers in engineering departments, and emailing studentveterans themselves. Interested students were asked to complete a qualification survey

Conference Session

CAPSTONE (SENIOR) DESIGN AND UNDERGRADUATE PROJECTS

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert McMasters P.E., Virginia Military Institute

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

anadvanced undergraduate thermodynamics course. Traditionally, assigned exercises involvingpowerplants have involved laborious interpolation from thermodynamic tables in order to obtainsteam and condensate properties. With the advent of computerized thermodynamic functions,more advanced exercises can be formulated, with the time-intensive aspect of table interpolationno longer necessary.This paper presents a portfolio of exercises which have been incorporated into a powerplantdesign course involving plant efficiency optimization through the use of pressure andtemperature design selections at various strategic points in the plant. Additionally, componentssuch as cooling towers involving psychrometric calculations are handled using

Collection

2024 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Kimberly J. Cornett

communication) with performance indicatorsthat can be concretely assessed to ensure student’s mastery of the overall program outcome. Theperformance indicators include students’ ability to consume and critique communication,generate effective communication artifacts, and document design work through an engineeringnotebook. Four developmental, analytic rubrics were adapted to measure the students’achievement of the performance indicators. Portfolio are used as a source of formativeassessment and motivational feedback source for students.KeywordsCommunication, assessment, analytic rubrics, engineering notebooks, portfolioIntroductionResearchers have found that engineers spend 55 to 60% of their workdays involved in variousforms of communication [1]. ABET

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eun Ah Lee, University of Texas at Dallas; Nicholas Gans, University of Texas, Dallas; Magdalena G Grohman, The University of Texas at Dallas; Marco Tacca, The University of Texas at Dallas; Matthew J. Brown PhD, Center for Values in Medicine, Science, and Technology
, The University of Texas at Dallas

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

understanding that students bring to the table can be used as a resourcefor more effective ethics education.References  Basart, J. M. & Serra, M. (2013). Engineering ethics beyond engineers’ ethics. Science andEngineering Ethics, 19, 179-187.Cech, E. A. (2014). Culture of Disengagement in Engineering Education?.Science, Technology& Human Values, 39(1), 42-72.Culver, S. M., Puri, I. K., Wokutch, R. E., & Lohani, V. (2013). Comparison of engagementwith ethics between an engineering and a business program. Science and Engineering Ethics, 19,585-597.Haidt, J. & Joseph, C. (2004). Intuitive ethics: How innately prepared intuitions generateculturally variable virtues. Daedalus, 133, 55-66.Harris Jr., C. E. (2008). The good engineer: Giving

Conference Session

CoNECD Session : Day 4 Slot 1 Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 CoNECD

Authors

Danyelle Tauryce Ireland, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Cindy Greenwood, University of Maryland, Baltimore County ; Erica L D'Eramo, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Katherine Bell O'Keefe

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

factors impacting their motivation and persistence in STEM fields. Dr. Ireland holds a B.A. in African American studies and family studies from the University of Maryland, College Park and a Ph.D. in edu- cational psychology from Howard University.Cindy Greenwood, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Cindy Greenwood is an Assistant Director of the Center for Women in Technology (CWIT) at the Uni- versity of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC). In CWIT, Cindy manages the Cyber Scholars Program, which focuses on increasing the participation and success of women and other underrepresented students in computing majors with an interest in the field of cybersecurity. She also manages some of the Center’s K-12 outreach

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Katz, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Tripp Shealy, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Felicity Bilow, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

large set of interview questions that were subsequently filtered and refined by theresearch team.IntroductionIn 2015, the United Nations (UN) [1] developed 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) witha set achievement year of 2030. The development of the SDGs set an agenda that seeks toimprove the quality of life for individuals globally through societal and technological innovation,including providing clean water and sanitation, sustainable cities and communities, and clean andaffordable energy to all [1]. One of the SDGs is focused on climate action and the need forindividuals to combat the impacts of climate change [1]. Given the nature of engineering work,engineers are certainly a part of this group of individuals; they will be required to

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division (WIED) Technical Session 8

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rita Manco Powell, University of Pennsylvania; Henry Towsner, University of Pennsylvania; Brett Frankel, University of Pennsylvania

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering Division (WIED)

equations.For freshmen interested in math and CS but unsure that the disciplines were a fit for them, PESPoffered an exciting workshop experience in which they could delve into logical problems whichunderlie CS and math theory in a small group setting. The percentage of women undergraduatesin the CS major at the university in 2013 was 26%, Black 5% and Hispanic 5%. Our hypothesiswas that a non-threatening workshop environment would increase students’ comfort level withthe academic material, provide an opportunity to get to know peers through an intellectualactivity, build students’ confidence that they could succeed in mastering concepts throughproblem solving, and give us an opportunity to provide mentoring. Our team conducted atwo-part study to

Conference Session

Undergraduate Recruitment

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Shapcott, Arizona State University; Katherine G. Nelson, Arizona State University; Jenefer Husman, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

, 2005.22 They found thatalthough women were self-efficacious in male-gendered occupations, including engineering,they constrained their career choices along gender lines. This implies that factors beyond self-efficacy contribute to women’s engagement in engineering. It is our hypothesis that higher self-efficacy alone is not enough to understand the lowrecruitment and high attrition rate of women in engineering. Therefore, we should look to othermotivational factors that may explain women’s attrition in engineering better than self-efficacy;identity, implicit beliefs and value. Women may believe an engineering career is incongruentwith their identity as a female. Women may believe that the capability to become an engineer isimplicit and

Collection

2010 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Nathan Podoll; Kassim M. Tarhini P.E.; Hudson Jackson

gateway to a careerin engineering. A coordination system is employed at the academy for each service basicengineering course in order to ensure uniformity in multiple sections. Importance is placed onuniformity, which has successfully been achieved through activities including frequent facultycommunications using a variety of media, standardized exams and grading across all sections, in-class demonstrations, and feedback to assess coverage. A course coordinator, typically a facultymember who has taught the course before, is selected to champion this effort. It is the coursecoordinator’s responsibility to ensure that the same material is presented and assigned in allsections. The duties of the course coordinator in consultation with other

Conference Session

ELD Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Strife, West Virginia University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

;db=a9h&AN=24909224&site=ehost-live5. Branin, J. J. (2007). Shaping our space: Envisioning the new research library. Journal of Library Administration, 46(2), 27-53. doi:10.1300/J111v46n02-046. Brown, M. B., & Lippincott, J. K. (2003). Learning spaces: More than meets the eye. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, 26(1), 14-16. doi:http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/eqm0312.pdf7. Forrest, C., & Hinchliffe, L. J. (2005). Beyond classroom construction and design: Formulating a vision for learning spaces in libraries. Reference & User Services Quarterly, 44(4), 296-300.8. Harris, M., & Cullen, R. (2008). Renovation as innovation: Transforming a campus symbol and a campus

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Bowen, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

10 7 1 1 5Materials 8 5 3 2 The analysis of FE exam pass rates for students taking the afternoon Civil Engineeringexam for the period from October 2005 through October 2009 confirmed that our students aregenerally less likely to pass the exam as compared with students nationwide or as compared toour comparator group. We limited our analysis to this time period because starting in October2005 new specifications, and thus new contents, were established by the National Council ofExaminers for Engineering and Surveying as a basis for the AM exam. In addition, the FE exampass rate data are based upon a comparison of first-time test

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Renetta G. Tull, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Autumn Marie Reed, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Pamela Petrease Felder, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Shawnisha Hester LGSW, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Denise Nicole Williams, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Yarazeth Medina, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Amanda Lo, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Erika T. Aparaka, University of Maryland College Park; Patricia Ordonez, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

of capital: aspirational, linguistic, familial,social, navigational, and resistance. While it’s important to acknowledge that each type of capitalmay have been addressed on some level, navigational capital emerged as a recurring key themeamong continuing graduate students, postdocs, and faculty at these activities. Navigationalcapital refers to skills and abilities to navigate “social institutions,” including educational spaces.Yosso asserts that navigational capital can empower STEM communities to maneuver withinunsupportive or hostile environments; perhaps known by Oldenburg (2001) as the “first orsecond places” (the home and institutional community). The building of navigational capitaloccurred through responses to key questions focused

Collection

2023 ASEE North Central Section Conference

Authors

Mohammed Ferdjallah, Marshall University; Asad Salem

Engineering Educationdominantly come into play only when the system is connected to a network. A common mistakeis to consider stand-alone units safer. Because it is almost impossible to add security to an existingproduct, it must be a prime design goal from the conception through production, deployment, anddisposal of the embedded device.Memory and embedded software are the parts of the embedded system, which are most vulnerableto security breaches12. A typical embedded system may have several megabytes of Flash ROM,which are almost never fully utilized. These memory patches provide mechanisms for securitybreaches. The hardware memory may contain firmware or data. Non-volatile memory chips arefound in many hardware devices. These modern embedded

Conference Session

Labs and Demonstrations in Chemical Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacqueline Mohalley-Snedeker, Georgia Institute of Technology; Benjamin Galfond, Georgia Institute of Technology

explicitly on their writing and communication skills,it will be possible to quantitatively examine improvements across four consecutive assignments.Replacing some reports with research posters introduces students to a new mode ofcommunication, presenting new constraints and options to further diversify how data may beanalyzed and conveyed to different types of audiences, which aligns with ABET Student Outcome3: an ability to communicate with a range of audiences. In addition to communication skills,students are also encouraged to develop their teamwork and leadership skills by (1) including aleadership role as part of the course both through lectures and in-class activities on leadershipstyles and (2) requiring students to write reflective

Conference Session

Scholarship in Engineering Technology

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Albert Lozano

boundary conditions: originality and acceptability. The later one brings to the tablethe concept of quality control that has traditionally achieved in traditional research through peerreview. In addition, the building of new knowledge per se is not enough; it needs to bedisseminated. This dissemination has a double effect: it allows others to duplicate the work andcontrast results, but it also serves the more social cause of sharing this knowledge with theacademic community and the general public.Each academic discipline has found its own specific and traditionally accepted ways todisseminate its scholarship; liberal arts have used publication of books, arts use performancesand creative accomplishments, sciences and engineering use journals and

Conference Session

Engineers in Toyland - Come and Play

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Jared Erickson; J. Ledlie Klosky; Stephen Ressler

sent directly from user to user (i.e., between IM clients); messages are not routed through the central server. This direct electronic connection between users is the technical characteristic that causes IM to be such a responsive communication medium. • As users communicate back and forth, their respective messages appear in a window on both computers. As each new message arrives, the previous ones remain on screen but scroll upward, leaving a complete record of the electronic conversation. This record can be saved as a log file at the end of the IM session.1 Page 10.140.1Aarons suggests that IM

Conference Session

Climate Issues for Women Students

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yong Zeng, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign; John R. Duncan, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

learningstrategies” 3 (p. 222). Given the goals of increasing the number of women in the engineeringfield and the importance of helping faculty to increase the success and persistence of femalestudents, this study sought to extend prior research findings on the connection between supportfactors and persistence in engineering programs and beyond to the workforce. This studyexplored this issue through two facets. The first was a review of recent empirical studies onsupport factors for increasing persistence of women in engineering programs to better identifythe most effective elements of support. The second part, a qualitative study, explored thoserelevant support factors in-depth and extended the field of study to include practicing womenengineers.Career

Conference Session

The Evolving Classroom

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Riley P.E., Oregon Institute of Technology; Sharon L. Beaudry, Oregon Institute of Technology; Aja Bettencourt-McCarthy, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

differences betweenthese programs were significant and there was not a standard format, nor any indication that onewas necessarily better than another. Should the program require a portfolio component? Should itbe focused on learning methods or applying them? Should the focus be on pedagogy or impacton teaching practice? Fortunately, many of these questions have already been answered by theAmerican Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) ExCEEd Teaching Workshop (ETW): We shouldlearn teaching by teaching, through focused study of evidence-based best practices, with rigorousfeedback using a consistent assessment instrument, by engaging presenters, and withdemonstrations of proven delivery methods. Because one of the commission members hadparticipated in the

Conference Session

Professional Issues in Ethics Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Islam H. El-adaway, Mississippi State University; Marianne M. Jennings, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

their students, if possible, under theirsupervision and control for the longest possible period of time, and if they cannot keep them forsome reason they will tend to do character assassination for them through promoting a refutedlack of collegiality or aggressiveness in dealing within the mentor’s close circle of colleagues inthe academic community. The serious problem is that co-author problems in mentor-supervised relationships percolate Page 25.650.6to the surface only in extreme cases when students are pushed beyond their endurance levels andtheir sense of justice is offended. Typically, these breaches are hidden secrets because

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elif Akcali, University of Florida; Braxton Rae, University of Florida; Tobias Lodemann, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division (ENT)

Theatre and the Maker in Residence with The Center for Arts, Migration, and Entrepreneurship at The University of Florida. Their scholarship and creative practice centers on Blackness, queerness, Womanism, community based art, and Intimacy Direction. Rae has had the opportunity to present work across the United States and believes that through a lens of art, change can occur.Tobias Lodemann, University of Florida Tobias Lodemann is a Ph.D. candidate in the industrial and systems engineering (ISE) department at the University of Florida (UF). He received his B.S. in mechanical engineering and business administration, specializing in production engineering, from the Leibniz University Hannover, Germany and his M.S

Conference Session

Personnel Development & Retention

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Corin L. Bowen, University of Michigan; Aaron W. Johnson, University of Colorado Boulder; Kenneth G. Powell, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

, at a large university also located in the MidwesternU.S [4]. Bir and Ahn investigated the impact of these factors on aerospace engineering under­graduate students’ likelihood of receiving GPAs under 2.0 in their first semester and persisting inthe aerospace engineering department beyond the first year of study. A 2019 Master’s thesis bySara Oliveira Pedro dos Santos investigated primary motivations for undergraduate students atIowa State University to join and complete the aerospace engineering program [5]. Results in thisstudy are compared to those from these studies when applicable.Conceptual FrameworksThis study utilizes critical and liberative frameworks, which recognize how structural and soci­etal realities have been shaped by persons

Conference Session

Innovative Learning, Comparative Learning Analysis, and Lessons Learned

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jan Helge Bohn, Virginia Tech; Manfred J. Hampe, Technische Universität Darmstadt

Tagged Divisions

International

thesecredits during a brief excursion abroad while guided by a US professor.Critics of such short-term projects suspect that they do not amount to much more than academictourism, in part because the students do not immerse into the local environment but remainsegregated with their fellow travelers from home. Advocates argue that these excursions remainimportant because they introduce the students to the concept of a world beyond our borders, andthat this initial experience will stimulate subsequent more substantial education abroad exposure.This latter argument is usually based on singular anecdotal evidence, but a casual examination ofeducation abroad data does not support such claims. For instance, students at Virginia Tech(enrollment 30,000

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Javernick-Will, University of Colorado, Boulder; Jessica Kaminsky, University of Colorado, Boulder; Cathy Leslie P.E., Engineers Without Borders - USA ; Kaitlin Litchfield, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

industry members of an engineering organization with nearlybalanced male to female ratios, this research aims to address one of the diversity challengeswithin the profession.Pathways Through Engineering: Career Scaffolding from University of IndustryIn recent years, NSF and the academic community have made a large investment in promotingengineering to K-12 students, including public television shows, websites, workshops, and highschool curriculum targeted at attracting students to engineering7. These initiatives are Page 25.321.4particularly important as research suggests that the shortage of females in undergraduateeducation is currently due to

Conference Session

The Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge, 3rd Edition: Preparing the Future Civil Engineer

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth J. Fridley, University of Alabama; Decker B. Hains, Western Michigan University; Leslie Nolen CAE, American Society of Civil Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

? • What should be done with the CEBOK3? • Where can additional information about the CEBOK3 be found?What is the CEBOK?The CEBOK3 [3] defines the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge as “the knowledge, skills,and attitudes necessary for entry into the practice of civil engineering at the professional level.”The CEBOK3 report defines the knowledge, skills, and attitudes through the use of Bloom’sTaxonomy and outcome rubrics [4-6], which are provided in Appendix A. The remainder of thedefinition of the CEBOK needs further explanation as it, like the outcomes of the CEBOK, hasevolved. Prior editions of the CEBOK [7, 8] defined “entry into the practice of civil engineeringat the professional level” as being that point when a civil engineer first

Conference Session

Measuring Success of Graduate Program Components

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerald Crain, University of Oklahoma; James Sluss, University of Oklahoma; Monte Tull, University of Oklahoma; Samuel Lee, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

program assessment: a practical approach; Page 13.1007.8Frontiers in Education Conference, 1999. FIE '99. 29th Annual, Volume 3, 10-13 Nov. 1999Page(s):13D1/2 - 13D1/6 vol.33] Nafalski, A.; McDermott, K.; Gol, O.; Professional accreditation toward outcome-drivencurricula; Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. 31st Annual, Volume 1, 10-13 Oct. 2001Page(s):T4A - 21-4 vol.14] Sharma, A.D.; Espinosa, R.E.V.; Looking beyond accreditation [student learningassessment]; Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training, 2004. ITHET2004. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on

Conference Session

Integration vs. Compartmentalization

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Jeff Goldberg

engineers. When they graduate, engineering students will work with other professionals in a wide range of disciplines. Doctors, scientists, architects, lawyers, urban planners, designers and other professionals of the future are being trained alongside engineering students at this university. Their perceptions of engineers are being formulated now, by what they see. Unless they work alongside Engineering students in combined courses, what they tend to see is the dominant culture.”Breadth is often attained through extensive on-the-job training (or even retraining), or through thecompletion of multiple degree programs in diverse areas such as engineering, business, medicine,law, etc. There have been some attempts to