Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erin M Fitzgerald, Museum of Science; Christine M Cunningham, Museum of Science

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

into coursestaken by preservice teachers, the BEST program provides a model for how to organicallytransform teacher preparation to include engineering and technology content.To increase the technological literacy of all our citizens, engineering and technology need to beeffectively taught in schools K-12, but especially in the early elementary school years. Althougha growing number of teacher preparation programs in the United States are increasingmathematics and science requirements for future elementary teachers, the instruction that theseteacher candidates receive in engineering and technology is almost non-existent. Developingteachers’ understandings of technology and engineering, as well as their close connections toscience and

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Undergraduate Research

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Lambrechts, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

, the pile foundation is used to carry the load of astructure down through soft ground to a firm bearing layer. In Boston for structures of the1800s, this bearing layer for support of wood piles exists within 25 to 40 ft of ground surface, asillustrated in Figure 4. The hard crust of the Boston blue clay or the outwash sand deposit thatoverlies the clay in some areas both provided sufficient load support for buildings constructed inthe 1800s and early 1900s. The loose placed fill deposited over the very soft mud deposits wassurely not adequate for building support. Wood piles are simply trees, stripped of their limbs andturned upside down, and driven into the ground with a falling weight (perhaps a one or two tonblock raised up 3 to 6 ft and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Dave Kim, Washington State University-Vancouver; Matt Frye, Oregon Institute of Technology; Wendy Michelle Olson, Washington State University-Vancouver

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

languageuse. Findings included that the use of the register, or actual technical terminology, increasedslightly over the semester. However, the complexity of field was a difficult area of achievementby students through the semester in the introductory engineering course.With funding from the National Science Foundation, we aim to characterize the register ofengineering student writing in lower-division engineering courses by using Biber’smultidimensional analysis (MDA) method. MDA offers a quantitative description of thegrammatical and organizational structure of each document, and as a corpus linguistics tool, itcan easily be performed on large collections of text. For the analysis, we grouped documents intosimilar assignment genres: first-year

Conference Session

Professional Papers

Collection

2025 ASEE Southeast Conference

Authors

Vivek Singhal, University of Wisconsin - Stout; Kenan Baltaci, University of Wisconsin - Stout

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

. (2012). Engagement in classroom learning: Creating temporal participation incentives for extrinsically motivated students through bonus credits. Journal of Education for Business, 87(2), 86-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2011.570808[15] Guerrero, M., & Rod, A. B. (2013). Engaging in office hours: A study of student-faculty interaction and academic performance. Journal of Political Science Education, 9(4), 403-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/15512169.2013.835554[16] Trowler, V. (2010). Student engagement literature review. The higher education academy, 11(1), 1-15.[17] Schinske, J., & Tanner, K. (2014). Teaching more by grading less (or differently). CBE—Life Sciences Education, 13(2), 159-166. https://doi.org

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Mechanics Applied and the Best in Five... Get Ready!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J Carroll, Saint Louis University; John Aidoo, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Alec Derks, Saint Louis University; Matthew Lovell, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Kyle Kershaw, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

(d) and (g); the second was the channel shownin Fig. 2 (a); the third was the angle shown in Fig. 2 (c); and the fourth was the wide flangesection shown in Fig. 2 (f). Students were asked to calculate the capacity for block shear, againbased on the assumption of using A36 steel for the plate, channel, and angle and A992 steel forthe wide flange section. Fig. 4 (a) and (b) show students working through the block shearproblems for the plate and the wide flange section, respectively. The Rose-Hulman course is solely devoted to steel design and includes approximatelyseven days (50-minute class periods) at the beginning of the spring quarter on tension membersand connections. The related content includes the behavior of tension members

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Lee, University of South Florida; Douglas Lunsford, University of South Florida

had previous performing arts participation hadsignificantly lower levels of CA relative to students who had no such participation. The possiblebenefits of engineering/performing arts interactions in terms of addressing CA is also addressed.IntroductionMany engineering students deal with some form of communication apprehension (CA), with themore severe experiences often centered around public speaking and presentations. Otherinvestigators have used the phrase “communication anxiety” as synonymous withcommunication apprehension; we will adopt the “apprehension” definition. Recognizing thatcommunication skills are indeed an important skill for engineering graduates, ABET includes“the ability to communicate effectively” (criterion “g” of the “a-k

Conference Session

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jay Patrick McCormack, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Steven W. Beyerlein, University of Idaho, Moscow; Ashley Ater Kranov, Washington State University; Patrick D. Pedrow P.E., Washington State University; Edwin R. Schmeckpeper, Norwich University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

in ethical analysis, and show that some ethical situations are ambiguous and are handleddifferently by experts. Harris et al. [7] and Herkert [8,9] noted that cases could be focused onaspirational or preventative action, microethics considerations, or macroethics. Gentile [10]explains how ethics scenarios can be inverted by encouraging learners to give voice to their ownvalues. These stress rehearsing personal actions in authentic workplace situations rather thanjudging personal actions under hypothetical conditions. Scenarios are often part of discussionprompts in online learning. Ideally, discussion prompts serve as the kernel for a cooperativeactivity that is best gauged by the degree to which students engage with the topic through unique

Conference Session

Engineering Economy Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Burns, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Bob E. White P.E., Western Michigan University; Azim Houshyar, Western Michigan University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

students. Undergraduate EngineeringEconomy courses are well-positioned to facilitate such integration because of their cross-disciplinary nature. One humanities topic that fits particularly well within Engineering Economycourses is ethics, which in many ways is already woven into the content through existingtextbooks. Nevertheless, the variety of methods used to deliver Engineering Economy courses(e.g., traditional classroom, large lecture hall, online, hybrid) provides ample opportunities toimprove and refine how the topic of ethics is addressed. This paper presents an overview of theimplementation of an ethics-based learning module in an undergraduate Engineering Economycourse. The module was part of a pilot effort for what is anticipated to be

Conference Session

Engineering and Public Policy Division (EPP) Technical Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ming Li, Beijing Foreign Studies University; Min Zhao, Graduate School of Education, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China.

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy Division (EPP)

Accord.2. The Connotation of Governance of Higher Engineering Education QualityAs an important mechanism of education quality assurance and international mutualrecognition of engineering degrees and engineers, the establishment andimplementation of engineering education program accreditation system has a potentialimpact on higher engineering education. However, how to promote the establishmentof effective self-improvement mechanisms through program accreditation is still atopic worthy of discussion. With increasingly frequent transnational cooperation andexchange of engineering talents in the era of globalization, the engineering educationis faced with multiple challenges. Therefore, it urgently requires us to go beyond thetraditional cognition

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wolter J. Fabrycky PE, Virginia Tech and AAII

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

engineering concentrates on the engineering of human-made systems and on systemsanalysis. In the first case, emphasis is on the process of bringing systems into being, beginningwith the identification of a need or a deficiency and extending through requirementsdetermination, functional analysis and allocation, design synthesis and evaluation, designvalidation, deployment, operation and support, sustainment, and phase-out and disposal. In thesecond case, focus is on the improvement of systems already in being. By adopting and utilizingthe iterative process of analysis, evaluation, modification, and feedback, most systems now inexistence can be improved in to their operational effectiveness, product quality, affordability,sustainability, and

Conference Session

CoNECD Session : Day 2 Slot 6 Technical Session 4

Collection

2021 CoNECD

Authors

Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

doesn’t work best for specific settings (which will be unique for each program).The other strong SJ advocate, Sumner, was involved with a program integrating SJ into a numberof courses. He noted: Why social justice? You know, why not talk about ethics or broader social implications? The reason that we've moved to a social justice framework is because it provides engineering students with very clear guidelines and also tools for looking at engineering problem solving and problem defining. And specifically it gives them a focus on social-structural conditions and what's the root cause of inequality. That does not come through in any other course.An additional 13 of the interviewees discussed SJ more briefly. As themes within SJ

Conference Session

Innovations in Manufacturing Laboratories

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeremy John Vaillant, University of Massachusetts, Lowell ; Christopher J. Hansen, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Stephen Johnston, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Sammy G. Shina, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; David Willis, University of Massachusetts, Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

lower cost, ease of modifica-tion and the broad availability of replacement parts. In addition, the machines themselves are rel-atively easy to operate and require minimal training.This paper presents the selection and integration of desktop-scale, hobbyist CNC machines tominimize risks in an educational laboratory environment, and the integration of modern digitalfabrication CNC technology in the undergraduate mechanical engineering curriculum at the Uni-versity of Massachusetts Lowell. Through the use of lower-cost desktop CNC machines, studentsdirectly interface and interact with advanced machining technology and will be able to discoverthe rewards and challenges derived from translating a design to a functional prototype. Moreo-ver, through

Conference Session

Engineering Education Research

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Stephanie Cupp; Paolo Moore; Norman Fortenberry

Copyright © 2004, American Society for Engineering"Table 1. Engineering Student Learning Outcomes [references shown in brackets] (number of referencesshown in parentheses)Learning Outcomes Technical SocialABET EAC Criteria 3-a (31), 3-b (27), 3-c (26), 3- 3-d (30), 3-f (19), 3-j (20), 3-h d (30), 3-e (28), 3-i (16), 3-k (28), 3-g (39) (28), 4 (19)A multidisciplinary systems perspective across [8-26] (19)breadth of engineering sciencesA familiarity with business, market-related and [8, 10, 12, 14, 17, 18, 20, 23,financial matters

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

E. Bernard White, George Mason University

application programmers.5 The scientificprogrammers’ positions are currently filled by people trained in a scientific discipline who havetaken one or two programming courses or have learned programming through practice on thejob. Generally computer science undergraduates are capable of taking on such jobs after someadditional (or on-the-job) training in the specific scientific discipline.As the nature of computing continues to change as well the introduction of new engineeringtechnologies, the nature of businesses and there needs will continue to evolve as well. Theinter-relations among the innovate high technology institutions and enterprising businessescomprise a dynamic loop or set of chain reactions that requires that educational programs

Collection

2023 ASEE GSW

Authors

Daniel Bang; Saira Anwar; Syeda Fizza Ali; Alejandra Magana

557 Solve problems in a group during class. 548 512 Discuss concepts with classmates during class. 490 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Figure 4. Interactive instructional activity and relationship to distractionRQ2: Which unique aspects of instruction distract the students the most?For research question 2, we focused on analyzing all the items and found the important items thatcontribute to distraction when observing all instructional activities through XGBoost's featureimportance values. We then compare it with the

Conference Session

Engineering and Public Policy II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David O. Kazmer, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Katie Bardaro, PayScale, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

quality, internship availability, research experiences, extracurricular activities,academic counseling, professional placement, and others.At the societal level, the apportionment of tax revenues to public education is a long tradition ofdemocratic societies by which governments seek to develop human capital to induce productivework, promote social stability, and advance the quality of life. In the United States, individualstates have primary authority over their public educational systems. Here, legislatures alsoperform economic analysis regarding the needs of their constituents and the allocation ofresources across educational institutions. At the federal level, Congress seeks to provideguidance to state legislatures through incentives and

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division (EMD) Technical Session 2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sakhi Aggrawal, Purdue University ; Paul J. Thomas

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management Division (EMD)

evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has opened up numerous avenuesfor automating various tasks in diverse industries. Project management, a crucial element inengineering education, can greatly benefit from AI tools, such as chatbots and virtual assistants.ChatGPT, a variant of the GPT series known for its conversational capabilities, exemplifies thegrowing prominence of AI in everyday applications, becoming almost synonymous withaccessible AI. As the boundaries of what AI can achieve are continually pushed, engineeringeducation must also evolve alongside these advancements. Through this research, we aim toalign the current industry usage of AI in project management with academic approaches.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand

Conference Session

Software Engineering Curriculum Support

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James McDonald, Monmouth University

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

FederalEducational Rights Privacy Act (FERPA)3 which prohibits, among other things, Page 11.1384.3university employees from discussing with or providing student information to anyoneoutside the university unless the student has signed a release to allow that distribution.Many of us are also familiar with the many release forms that we are required to sign torelease our medical information beyond the health care provider’s organization. There isno specific federal law that prohibits distribution of employee information like there isfor student and patient information. However, most large employers have learned fromexperience via lawsuits and other forms of

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-oriented Studies Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Dave Kim, Washington State University, Vancouver; John D. Lynch, Washington State University, Vancouver

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies

about lab reports? 2Three electrical engineering (two full-time and one part-time) and one mechanical engineering(full-time) instructors who taught lab courses participated in the email survey, which was givenin the Fall semester of 2018. All four instructors’ responses identified the main job of theU/GTAs is to grade lab reports. Two instructors assigned them to instruct the labs. The labcourse instructors expect the U/GTAs to 1) have a deep understanding of concepts andknowledge of lab topics, even beyond the lab results (or the required contents); 2) provide clearexplanation for the deduction of any points; 3) assess how the lab report organizes and conveysthe knowledge that students acquired

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

James Nelson; Bernd Schroder

-99 that allowed us to maintain and increase support on all levels.The description for the expansion phase 1999-today can be found in the section on transition tointegrated curricula.IIa. Design phase.Systemic change can neither be mandated by administration, nor can it come about solely on theinitiative of single, isolated individuals. The former will lack the needed broad support in thefaculty, the latter will remain isolated with little impact beyond their own classrooms. Yet everyinstitution has a number of faculty that are interested and actively involved in improvingclassroom instruction. These are the individuals that were targeted at Louisiana Tech Universityin early 1997. A core group of nine individuals was formed and charged with

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Johanna Milord, University of Missouri - Columbia; Fan Yu, University of Missouri - Columbia; Sarah Lynn Orton P.E., University of Missouri - Columbia; Lisa Y. Flores, University of Missouri - Columbia; Rose M. Marra, University of Missouri - Columbia

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

expectations are the key mechanisms through which individuals engage in and persist inbehaviors. This theory is central to Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) [4], which consistsof three interlocking models that explain the development of career-related interests, choicegoals, actions and performance, as shown in Figure 1. SCCTs core components include thevariables of self-efficacy (i.e., confidence in one’s ability to successfully perform a domain-specific task), outcome expectations (i.e., anticipated outcomes of a particular behavior),interests (i.e., patterns of likes and dislikes for career activities), and goals (i.e., determination fora particular activity or outcome). SCCT assumes that the four learning experiences (i.e.,performance

Conference Session

Learning Styles

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Michael Pavelich; Barbara Olds; Ronald Miller

ceiling to thecorrelation of P&P instruments to interviews and where P&P instruments might be used incollege level assessment.The RJ and Perry Models of Intellectual Development The Reflective Judgment 3 and Perry 2 Models of Intellectual Development describe animportant aspect of the intellectual maturation we would wish all students to go through beforeentering their professions. Thus the models speak directly to a universal goal in higher education:to improve students' higher level thinking abilities. These models also allow assessment of thatgoal. The models, portions of which are summarized in Table 1, describe the stages peoplepass through as they mature in their understanding of the nature of knowledge, use of evidence

Conference Session

Pedagogy in Chemical Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Ford, The University of Tulsa; Janie Brennan, Washington University in St. Louis; Kevin Dahm, Rowan University; David Silverstein, University of Kentucky; Lucas Landherr, Northeastern University; Christy West, University of South Alabama; Jennifer Cole, Northwestern University; Stephen Thiel, University of Cincinnati; Bruce Vaughen, American Institute of Chemical Engineers; Marnie Jamieson, University of Alberta

have pre-announced quizzes, and team homework is used in 45% ofthe courses. In a majority of the courses (67%), twenty percent or fewer of the assignments arecompleted with a computer. The Felder, Rousseau, and Bullard textbook is used in nearly 80%of the courses. Textbook topics through energy balances on reactive systems are covered in over70% of courses. Only the topics of computer-aided balance calculations and transient balancesreceive low coverage, in under 50% of the courses. Second courses in MEB tend to emphasizeenergy balances. In professional skills, only formal problem-solving strategies are covered inover half of the courses. Lecture section sizes are 40 students or smaller for over half of thereporting courses.Introduction and

Conference Session

Improving Student Outcomes in Mechanics

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ahmad Ghasemloonia P.Eng., University of Calgary; Meera N.K. Singh, University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

engineering education and has taught a vast array of under- graduate and graduate courses in applied mechanics. Apart from her academic experience she has worked in numerous industries as an Engineering Consultant. Finally, since the beginning of her career, Dr. Singh has been very active in K-12 outreach and in promoting Women in Science and Engineering. Dr. Singh is a registered Professional Engineer (P.Eng.) in the province of Alberta. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Using Assessments to Improve Student Outcomes in Engineering DynamicsAbstractEngineering Dynamics has historically been one of the most challenging courses in theengineering

Conference Session

IFEES: The Globalization of Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lueny Morell, Hewlett-Packard; Claudio Borri, Universita' di Firenze; Sarah Rajala, Mississippi State University; Bruno Laporte, World Bank; Maria M. Larrondo Petrie; Seeram Ramakrishna, National University of Singapore; Xavier Fouger, Dassault Systemes; Jose Carlos Quadrado; Adriana Garboan, Politechnica University of Bucharest; Duncan Fraser, University of Cape Town; Hans Hoyer, American Society for Engineering Education

Tagged Divisions

ASEE Global Programs

Biological Engineering (FAIMBE), USA. He received several awards and honors including Lee Kuan Yew Fellowship, NUS Outstanding University Researcher Award, JSPS, ASME Best Paper Award, IES Prestigious Engineering Achievement Award, and ASEAN Outstanding Engineering Award.Xavier Fouger, Dassault Systemes Xavier Fouger, Director, Dassault Systemes Global Learning leads the PLM Academy, an organization supporting skills in Product Lifecycle Management and 3D technologies through global education and certification programs. He promotes lifelong learning through a network of 140 partners providing education services and thousands of academic institutions. He led scientific and technological co

Conference Session

Teaching Tools: Problem Solving and Hands-On Teaching (NEE)

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yanjun Yan, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators Division (NEE)

feel that I have learned more efficiently (in the sense that I used less time) when I learn through problem-solving in class. Figure 10. Student Perception of Mastering in Fall 2019 Would you be willing to pay for Mastering, if a future course were offered with a complete integration with Mastering? 0% 29% 71% Yes, it's worth it. I'd love to, but I doubt that I can afford it. No, it's not worth it

Conference Session

Engineering Education Research and Assessment III

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Ozgur Eris; Tori Bailey; Helen L. Chen

decisions about further participation in engineering after graduation? • EDUCATION: What elements of students’ engineering educations contribute to the changes observed in questions one and two? What do students find difficult and how do they deal with the difficulties they face? • WORKPLACE: What skills do early-career engineers need as they enter the workplace? Where did they obtain these skills? Are there any missing skills? How are people’s identities transformed in moving from school to work?The APS consists of four cohorts. Cohort 1 is a longitudinal study of student participants at fouracademic institutions. The same individuals are being studied from their first through third yearsin college

Conference Session

New Research on Retention of URM Groups in STEM

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deborah Trytten, University of Oklahoma; Anna Wong Lowe, University of Oklahoma; Susan Walden, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

pattern of downplaying discrimination against Asians. This is particularly poignant sincethe lack of English language fluency is often used to imply a lack of U.S. cultural fluency. Thismay be a factor that causes difficulty for Asian Americans to break through the glass ceiling andtake on leadership roles.13Another participant links the perception of Asians Americans’ English speaking ability to howAsian Americans are portrayed in the media, a topic that Chung discusses at length 14. My parents came and visited over the summer and my friend, she is [a member of another racial group], she told me she was surprised at how well my dad spoke... which I took to mean she was surprised [he doesn’t] have an accent… [My Dad] graduated

Conference Session

ET Design Projects

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Zbigniew Prusak

Results of the ‘Gaps Analysis in Undergraduate Engineering Education’ by the Industrial Advisory Board to the Realization Consortium: An Analysis, ASEE Conference on Manufacturing Education, June 1996, Washington, DC.2 Todd, R.H., Sorensen, C.D., Magleby, S.P., Designing a Senior Capstone Course to Satisfy Industrial Customers, Journal of Engineering Education, vol.82, no.2, April 1993, pp.92-100.3 Prusak, Z., Challenges to Future Engineering Professionals – How to Prepare Students to Face Them, Proceedings of ASEE Annual Conference, June 28- July 1, 1998, Seattle, WA.4 Rantanen, K., Levels of solutions, URL: http://www.triz-journal.com/archives/97dec/dec-article4.htm , viewed on 8/20/20005 Zlotin, B., Zusman, A

Conference Session

Integration of Liberal Education into Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Arthur Brown, Penn State University ; Mary Lynn Brannon, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

, this program is important because if students mistake “factual” claims as“value-neutral” claims then they will not be able to reflect upon the value-laden nature ofthe claims.However, the goal of the program in another way is quite modest because it does notpresume to teach students to evaluate ethical questions in depth. Developing in-depthskills to evaluate ethical questions raised by environmental controversies is beyond thescope of this program because there is not usually enough time in the courses that thisprogram targets to devote to teaching deep ethical reflection about environmentalproblems.The program also seeks to develop a teaching module that will allow transferability tofaculty colleagues, who are not trained in ethics, to teach