Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Jacklyn Wheeler; Carolyn Parker; Julia Ross; Taryn Bayles

can affect teens and dialysis is a common procedure of whichmost students are likely aware. Page 10.553.3 Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2005, American Society for Engineering EducationPrior to initiation of the module, student groups engage in an “Engineering Challenge”. In thishands-on exercise, teams are required build an apparatus to separate Rice Krispies from amixture of 10 different breakfast cereals of different sizes and shapes using only givencommonplace materials (Figure 1). The purpose of this exercise is to initiate

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Endeavors: Mechatronics, Robotics, and Technology

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Lei Miao, Middle Tennessee State University; Tanzeena Karim, Middle Tennessee State University; Tamir Shahir Hussain; Cen Li, Middle Tennessee State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 The TNT Board: An Interactive Electronic Board GameAbstractIn summer 2020, a research and enrichment program funded by a Student Engagement,Retention, and Success (SERS) grant from the Tennessee Board of Regents took place in theform of online/remote delivery. The goal of the program was to improve the GPA and retentionrate of underrepresented and minority students by engaging them in multidisciplinary andcollaborative summer projects. This paper presents the project carried out by one of the studentgroups, in which two students in Mechatronics Engineering and one student in Computer Scienceworked together remotely and designed and implemented an

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 6: Bring Your Own Experiment!

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Y Heil-heintz; Jacob Wojcicki, Rowan University; Mitja Trkov, Rowan University; Wei Xue, Rowan University; Smitesh Bakrania, Rowan University; Cassandra Sue Ellen Jamison, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

University of Michigan in 2008 and his B.S. from Union College in 2003. His research interests include combustion synthesis of nanoparticles and combustion catalysis using nanopar- ticles. He is also involved in developing educational apps for instructional and research purposes.Dr. Cassandra Sue Ellen Jamison, Rowan University Cassandra (Cassie) Jamison is an Assistant Professor in the Experiential Engineering Education Department at Rowan University (Glassboro, NJ). Her research interests focus on understanding and improving the learning that occurs in experiential, out-of-class activities for engineering students. Cassie previously received a B.A. in Engineering Sciences at Wartburg College (Waverly, IA) and her M.S. and

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

J.R. Phillips

interpret data; 3) An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desire needs; 4) An ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams; 5) An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems; 6) An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility; 7) An ability to communicate effectively; 8) The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global and societal context; 9) A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in, lifelong learning; 10) A knowledge of contemporary issues; 11) An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 8

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammad Shokrolah Shirazi, Marian University; Hung-fu Chang

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

factor toassist students be engaged during the courses and developing their mindset. In broaderterms, the general idea of challenge-based learning (CBL) focuses on learning whilesolving real-world problems that could be collaborative, and hands-on. Moreover, allparticipants (e.g., students) are encouraged to identify big ideas, ask good questions,discover and solve challenges, gain in-depth subject area knowledge, develop 21st-century skills, and even share their thoughts with the world (Gallagher and Savage,2020). Based on the definitions, the challenging level of the problems has quite adifferent meaning than critical thinking, but they can be easily misunderstood bystudents and instructors due to a lack of background knowledge. This

Conference Session

Design Experiences in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faisal Aqlan, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College; Daniell DiFrancesca, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College; Matthew Swinarski, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College; Chetan Nikhare, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College; Mohammad Rasouli, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College; Qi Dunsworth, Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College

impacted by the pandemic. Along with retirement and economic expansion, thisskills gap is widened by a lack of programs and curricula designed to attract a skilledmanufacturing workforce [1]. Traditional curricula, however, tend to focus on a specific discipline,limiting students from seeing manufacturing as part of a systemic process and places a heavyemphasis on the growth of students’ technical knowledge and skills, leaving transferable skillsdevelopment to the workplace [4]. Nonetheless, today’s manufacturing industry values well-rounded employees who can think reflectively and thrive in team environments. Thus, it requiresemployees to have both technical and professional skills [5]. Communication, system thinking,and problem-solving skills

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and NSF's PFI

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Ken Vickers; John Ahlen; Ron Foster; Greg Salamo

return to the university in terms of subcontracts, lab access fees, student employment andinternships, and faculty involvement in increasingly relevant research. A simultaneous impact isthat the on-campus patent committee is evaluating ideas more on their potential to bring positivebenefits to society, with associated financial rewards, and less as simply a benefit to faculty.Conflict-of-InterestIn the startup phase, it became apparent that the new Incubator was introducing ideas that werechallenging to existing University practices. In general, it was found that while the official Page 9.489.5

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiaowen Gong, Auburn University; Daniela Marghitu, Auburn University; Thaddeus A. Roppel, Auburn University; Chih-hsuan Wang; Melody L. Russell

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Alabama1, teachers may lack contentknowledge in robotics and engineering concepts. Subsequently, their lack of content knowledgein robotics and engineering may adversely impact STEM persistence and engagement in roboticsengineering for students from traditionally underrepresented groups and students in underservedschool districts. Inspired and motivated by the need to better prepare teachers for teaching andengaging students in engineering concepts, the RET Site provides research experiences to middleschool math and science teachers in rural Alabama, especially the Alabama Black Belt region,with the focus on smart robots that integrate robotics with Machine Learning (ML)/ArtificialIntelligence (AI), which have seen tremendous advances in the past

Collection

2010 ASEE Zone 4 Conference

Authors

discussed. Following familiarization of these solar techniques,the students were introduced to a solar pathfinder. The pathfinder is used to perform solar siteanalysis and has been the industry standard to determine the impact of shade on the placement ofsolar panels. Additionally, the solar pathfinder can predict the amount of sunlight that theselected site will experience all year. The components of the solar pathfinder include a domethat provides a panoramic view of the site reflected on the dome‟s surface. A paper sun-pathdiagram showing the sun‟s route through the sky for every month of the year and every hour ofthe day is underneath the dome. Broken into teams of four students, the solar path finder wasplaced in different positions in front

Collection

2023 IL-IN Section Conference

Authors

D. W. Mueller; Josue Njock Libii; Donna D. Holland; O. David Momoh; Peter A. Ng; Reynaldo M. Pablo; Suleiman Ashur

. Together, these environments work tocreate and sustain the mutual support and encouragement of students and the active involvementof all faculty, staff, administrators, fellow students, and employers of the graduates of STEMacademic programs [12].Faculty Learning CommunityA Faculty Learning Community (FLC) is a cross-disciplinary group of faculty that engages in anactive, collaborative, multiyear program that focuses on sharing experiences, learning from theliterature, other campuses, and each other.An FLC was formed, and the group participated in a comprehensive program designed to increaseinteractions between faculty and students, support student retention, promote academic success,and build career preparedness through such activities as faculty

Conference Session

ELOS Best Paper Nominations

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Loren Limberis, East Carolina University; Jason Yao, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

students hone their design skills by focusing on one aspect of theentire system design and making appropriate connections on how each stage impacts thebehavior of their entire system. Each stage of the system focuses on different applications ofoperational amplifiers. The first design stage is the development of an operational amplifier-based Wheatstone bridge circuit consisting of a resistive network that contains a thermistor as thesensor. The second design stage is the linearization of the thermistor-based Wheatstone bridgecircuit. Since the resistance of a thermistor is an exponential function of temperature thestudents are required to design the resistive network of their amplified bridge circuit to meetspecific linearization requirements

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Becker, Montana State University

type used for the in-class demonstration.Figure 1 is a photograph of one of the patch antennas described in the note set. Students arereminded of the relation between frequency and wavelength, the notion of electrical length isintroduced earlier in the note set, and led through the calculation of the wavelength of a 2.4 GHzsignal in the dielectric material (λd) used to realize the antenna.Figure 2, another taken from the note set, illustrates the simulated 3D antenna radiation patternof the patch antenna. The idea of shaping the antenna pattern and controlling its primarydirection is suggested to the student and the use of such techniques to increase capacity in awireless communication system is noted. Transmission line

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University; Adam Ginton, NA

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

. AIP Publishing, 2013.[8] Franklin, Scott V., Eleanor C. Sayre, and Jessica W. Clark. "Traditionally taught studentslearn; actively engaged students remember." American Journal of Physics 82.8 (2014): 798-801.[9] Garcia, Sarah, April Hankins, and Homeyra Sadaghiani. "The Impact of the History ofPhysics on Student Attitude and Conceptual Understanding of Physics." 2010 PHYSICSEDUCATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE. Vol. 1289. No. 1. AIP Publishing, 2010.[10] Hong, Huang-Yao, and Xiaodong Lin-Siegler. "How learning about scientists' strugglesinfluences students' interest and learning in physics." Journal of educational psychology 104.2(2012): 469.[11] Gunther, Leon. The Physics of Music and Color. New York: Springer, 2012. Print.[12] Halliday, David

Collection

2024 CIEC

Authors

Teddy Ivanitzki; Ashok Agrawal

ETD 535The project team focused on developing intensive, low-cost online communications rather thancostly in-person engagement. The project team and the Fellows mutually agreed on the mostimportant training topics to be offered to Fellows. These topics included: i) How to start abusiness, startup prerequisites, and how to influence others with their own ideas; ii) The ABCs ofseeking SBIR/STTR research funding and how to find the most critical funding websites; iii)Introduction to Intellectual Property (IP) for High-Tech Entrepreneurially Minded Postdocs; iv)Management, mentors, and money: decoding the chasm between invention/research and productcommercialization; and v) Managing the pressure and stress of a startup environment during

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lesley Cremeans, Texas Tech University; Audra N. Morse P.E., Texas Tech University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

reality,women and men can successfully accomplish “feminine” and “masculine” tasks that define anengineer.The entrepreneurship literature discusses specific characteristics—desire for achievement,innovativeness, and independence—that male and female entrepreneurs have in common (Tan,2008). To achieve success, however, the individual must have a clear focus on their futureprofessional aspirations (Tan, 2008). According to Dzombak et al. (2016), engineers areconsidered to be “naturally skilled at innovation” (p.6) and engaging in entrepreneurial venturesenriches educational experiences. Entrepreneurial experiences can theoretically enhance thelearning experience of the student and according to Balakrishnan and Low (2016) a positivelearning

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica Gray P.E., Lincoln University

Tagged Divisions

International

centralized wastewater treatment plant and public health laboratory toascertain laboratory and field studies opportunities in the areas of water resource managementand public health. Lincoln University’s STEM students will have an opportunity to engage inhigh impact research opportunities in the future. Five full scholarships (tuition and fees) wereearmarked to ACC graduates electing to study STEM, particularly engineering, at Lincoln.As Lincoln University’s Engineering Program continues to grow, the expectation is that multiplefaculty-led experiences to these various locations will occur over short breaks and during thesummer as well as students can embark on individual semester opportunities. For example,during the development of the ESP curriculum

Conference Session

New Ideas for ChEs II (aka ChE Potpourri)

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerardine Botte, Ohio University; Keeley Schneider, Ohio University; Bryan Boggs, Ohio University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

capture attention from children who have never expressedinterest in science and math before. In addition, these parties, organized by volunteering collegestudents at local universities and/or colleges, help parents plan and operate educational and funparties. This paper discusses how programs can be developed at universities and collegesallowing college students to give to the community and serve as role models for the futuregeneration of scientists and engineers. The program consists of college students coordinatingentertaining activities for the parties that use safe, easy-to-do, and enjoyable games involvingscience and engineering. The program engages the community: parents, undergraduate students,graduate students, and educators. Examples of

Conference Session

Technology Literacy for Non-Engineers

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jan DeWaters, Clarkson University; Susan Powers, Clarkson University; Mary Graham, Clarkson University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

affective domains, and is broadly categorized into the three dimensions ofknowledge, sensitivity/attitudes, and intentions/behaviors. Specifically, an energy literateindividual is one who: ‚ has a basic understanding of how energy is used in everyday life; ‚ has an understanding of the impact that energy production and consumption have on all spheres of our environment and society; ‚ is sensitive to the need for energy conservation and the need to develop alternatives to fossil fuel-based energy resources; ‚ is cognizant of the impact of personal energy-related decisions and actions on the global community; and ‚ strives to make choices and decisions that reflect these attitudes with respect to energy

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics - Courses and Curricula

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brock Barry, United States Military Academy; Matthew Ohland, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

-level assessment study of engineering ethicsutilizing the FE Examination, Davis & Butkus55 describe an attempt to measure changes instudent performance over a four-year period. Terenzini, Lattuca, Ohland, & Long56 havepresented a design to combine a database generated during the previously referenced ABETcommissioned study of the impact of EC 2000 and a database of FE Examination results. Similarto the study detailed within this document, the study proposed by Terenzini et al. is designed toevaluate possible correlations between student learning outcomes and program-level examinationperformance.While some researchers and academicians advocate for the use of the FE Examination inprogram assessment, the community does not speak with one

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Matthew A. Verleger (He/His/Him), Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Richard S. Stansbury, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Mustafa Ilhan Akbas, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Philip Craiger, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

solutions.The students will study how the disruption of inter-agent communication, jamming andcommunication range impact the achievement of behavior consensus. In addition, the studentswill study the results for developing optimal defense and recovery techniques.Project #2: Small UAS (sUAS) Vulnerability and Threat Assessment and Mitigation (CybersecurityPolicy and Applications Focused): Students will survey UAS hardware/software architectures fordrones to identify applicable penetration and security testing protocols, assess one or multiplecommercial off-the-shelf UAS systems utilizing identified testing protocols, and reporting theresults of the security assessment(s).Project #3: Enhancing Security of Cloud-Connected UAS Services (Cybersecurity

Conference Session

Energy & Technology in Pre-College Engineering Education

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew J. Traum, Engineer Inc.; Sharon Liz Karackattu, Oak Hall School

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

presented in theSTEM class was truly beyond the capabilities or comprehension of the 9th and 10th gradersenrolled. Ultimately, students who wanted to learn and succeed did, and students who did notwant to learn did not.Anecdotally, despite middling post-project survey results concerning their perceptions ofengineering, the students were observed engaged in engineering thinking along the seven axes ofengineering practice recommended by Pleasants and Olson [2] and Cunningham and Kelly [15].A prime example was when students realized their strategies to reduce rocket drag and weightwere impacting stability. In this open-ended problem, students discovered that there was notnecessarily one right answer but a range of solutions that yielded similar

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computer-Oriented Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Hacker, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Krishna Madhavan, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

, Page 14.443.6faculty, and industry partners for course work, research, and discovery. It is not intended to be aproduction facility, so students are welcome to enter the lab and engage in projects, which helpsthem gain experience in working with large-scale data center environments. One additionaladvantage of this approach is that when course modules are delivered on data center design, wecan literally walk across the hall and provide the students with a hands-on demonstration of thetechnologies and the problems they solve. We are continuing to work on building up thecapabilities in communications, data intensive computing, and benchmarking in this space.3.2 Collaboration Area3.3 The second area is the collaboration area, which is a

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technical Session: Assessment and Accreditation: Making the Grade!

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Vallorie Peridier, Temple University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

one or morespecific programmatic remedies. CI takes place when the Program implements SO-committeerecommendations that ultimately yield assessment-quality student work for the performanceindicator in question. Two recent examples from our Program follow.In the 2018/2019 academic year, the SO-4 (“professional ethics”) committee concluded thatthere were no assignments in the required curriculum wherein students evaluate the socio-economic-environmental impact of an engineered design (SO-4.c). It happened, in this same year(and as described above), that the SO-3 (“communication”) committee concluded that studentsneeded more individually-written and -graded technical writing experiences (SO-3.a) in therequired curriculum. So, in a coordinated

Conference Session

Circuits and Systems Education 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacquelyn Kay Nagel, James Madison University; Stephen Keith Holland, James Madison University; Brian Groener, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

experience. What this structure lacks is a way tomotivate the students, and provide experience with building practical circuits. To make a requiredcourse relevant, practical, and engaging while still providing the necessary instruction in fundamentalsopen-ended projects are often added6-9. Engineering curricula often heavily emphasize scientific andmathematic calculations. While computational mastery is critical for engineering students, it is alsoimportant for students to use quantitative results to reason about problems within systems and makenecessary adjustments. Projects allow students to practice this aspect of engineering10.The viewpoint at James Madison University on design projects is that they challenge students tosynthesize multiple

Conference Session

ET Peripherals

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anne M. Lucietto, Purdue Polytechnic Institute; Liza Ann Russell, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

necessary to form areas of future study that may provide the means toimprove STEM education nationally or perhaps globally.Programs exist to aid STEM educators in engaging students [1] and with integrating STEM inthe classroom [2] but little is known about STEM educators themselves. Existing literature islimited to rather niche areas and focuses on performance in the classroom and improving thatperformance. Information concerning who educators are and where they work is not evident.Without a basic understanding of who STEM educators are, work intending to strengthenteaching abilities cannot be optimized [3]. The intent of this work is to provide a basic look atSTEM educators’ demographics, education history, and work experience. This early

Conference Session

Electrical ET Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Richardson, Purdue University; John Denton, Purdue University; James Jacob, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

students that take them. Studentscome to believe that the disciplines (analog, power, digital, communication, etc.) within EEThave little in common or are remotely related. A FM receiver project for a junior level EETcourse in electronic communication has created a curricular linkage to two sophomore courses,one in RF and power electronics and the other in digital microcontrollers.Introduction The traditional model for teaching is comprised of curriculum course sequences that createvertical ‘silos’ where each topic is fully developed before going on to the next topic. Thiscompartmentalized sequence of courses builds a solid conceptual foundation for the students 1, 2.However, each course is treated as a separate body of knowledge creating an

Conference Session

Aerospace First-Year Project-Based Learning

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University; Kaushik Das, Texas A&M University, College Station; Stephen Oehler, Texas A&M University; Jacques C. Richard, Texas A&M University; Dimitris C. Lagoudas, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

courses can be beneficial in promoting understanding of engineeringprocesses of design and modeling and the roles of science and mathematics in engineering.These initial courses allow for students to gradually become accustomed to science andmathematics concepts in a task-oriented environment.2 In this way, projects motivate and guidethe course content rather than simply supplement the subject matter. Courses in which first-yearengineering students connect practical and technical applications with the standard curriculashow good indications of having a significant impact on student retention rates.3 Similarly,conversion of introductory engineering lecture courses into laboratory classes has had a positiveeffect in further generating student

Conference Session

ERM: Mental Health and Wellness

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine Spence, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Luke Nyberg; Justine Chasmar, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Jodi Nelson, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Marissa Tsugawa, Utah State University - Engineering Education

Range Engineering (IRE) BellProgram, which is an upper-division, co-op based, engineering program. Bell is based on theaward-winning IRE, project-based learning program [10], where rather than gaining projectexperience through industry projects completed in student teams on-campus, students gaindesign experience in engineering co-ops. In the Bell Program, students complete lower-divisioncoursework (first- and second-year coursework), typically at community colleges across thenation. Students then complete their B.S. in Engineering in 2.5 years in the Bell Program. Thefirst semester focuses on preparing students for co-ops through the development of their design,professionalism, and technical skills. Students continue completing coursework while

Conference Session

Track 3: Technical Session 5: Mycorrhiza Framework: towards an Engineering Education framework for Social and Environmental Justice

Collection

2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Jorge A Cristancho, Purdue Engineering Education

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

thecomplexity of our current problems and the social and environmental injustice that mostpeople endure demand engineering to go beyond the technical problems, question theimpact of our engineering solutions, and incorporate other ways of doing and being inengineering. Engaging in engineering, and engineering education without awareness ofother beings and the Ecosystem, leads to immense harm, especially to underrepresentedpeople and their ecosystems. In this article, I present my first thoughts on an engineeringeducation framework that hopefully will guide educators and students through therelationships and interconnections between three levels: individual, people, and theEcosystem. To illustrate these interconnections, I use the biological concept of

Conference Session

Institutional Perspectives and Boundary Work

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna M Riley, Smith College; Victoria Henry, Smith College; Lucia C Leighton, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Maddow show in which shediscusses the concept of foreign oil independence as a myth. Students are then asked to considertheir own dependence on oil and imagine the impact it would have, both practically andpolitically, if the United States began to produce the entirety of its oil domestically. Finally,students are asked to consider the structural changes they see as necessary for the United Statesto achieve independence from foreign oil and evaluate the role engineers play in this process.Module 2.4 focuses on Hunger, Poverty, and Obesity, with students visiting local markets tomeasure energy cost and energy density of food, comparing access to low energy-density foodlike fruits and vegetables vs. high-energy-density processed foods based on