Conference Session

Capstone Courses II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

C. Stewart Slater, Rowan University; Mariano Savelski, Rowan University; Robert Hesketh, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

), Chemical Engineering Division [6]. Rowan University tookthe lead in developing curriculum modules that can be used to easily integrate green engineeringconcepts throughout the curriculum. These efforts include the development of instructor guides,case studies, homework problems and in-class examples. These efforts originally piloted atRowan were expanded involving faculty from across the country in module development andimplementation. These green engineering course modules can be found on the greenengineering web site (www.rowan.edu/greenengineering) [7], [8] and are described in severalpapers [9], [10], 11.Green Engineering Project-based LearningWe have sought to improve on our concept of green engineering education integration in a way

Conference Session

COED: Grading Systems

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marko V. Lubarda, University of California, San Diego; Alex M. Phan, University of California, San Diego; Aidan Daniel Carrigg; Karthik Srinivasan; Josephine Relaford-Doyle, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

differences in GPA alone. Analysis of students’survey responses shows that real-time feedback and unlimited submission attempts helpedstudents assess their learning progress and motivated them to continuously improve theirsolutions. Instant feedback and unlimited submission attempts were regarded by students aslikely having positively impacted academic integrity in the course. The effect of automatedfeedback and optional assignments on students’ need to visit office hours is explored.Implications for future pedagogical practice and research are discussed.IntroductionTimely and effective feedback provided to students on their submitted work has the potential tosignificantly enhance learning, improve student self-efficacy, reduce drop-out rates, and

Conference Session

BME Introductory Courses

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard Jendrucko; Jack Wasserman

experience inpresentation related to three areas in BME. The initial area is cell and tissue engineeringwith a focus on determining the best area for a planned corporate research. The secondarea is biomechanics. This area is will combine statistic, statics, and particle dynamicsfor the solution of simple problems. Based on group measurements, the range of valuesfor joint loading will be assessed. The last part of the course will involve a combinationof instrumentation and imaging. The added aspects are the considerations of A/Dconversion, Fourier Analysis, and systems modeling. Page 10.498.1Methods Lectures are seldom effective to provide student

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Efforts

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ravi T. Shankar, Florida Atlantic University; Teresa J. Sakraida, Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing; Francis Xavier McAfee, Florida Atlantic University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

together concepts of formal and informal learninginto the process to make the experience more student-centric (each team chose their own apptopic, from a given set of topics) and flexible (our students came from two different campusesand multiple sections of an online distance learning course). Our goal was to build the fullinfrastructure for future course offerings; and as such, about one-third of the teams each focusedon bio-system interfacing, augmented reality, or cloud computing.We collected several formative and summative measures. We sought pre and post-surveys of allthe students to appreciate better their acquisition of soft (team) and hard (technology) skills.These were self-reported and voluntary. Results show significant improvement in

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 5

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Duc Anh Vu Trinh, University of South Florida; Dhinesh Balaji Radhakrishnan, Purdue University ; Chris S. Ferekides, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

skills and mindset necessary for success in the industry. Students’interview data is recorded and analyzed, highlighting the influence of the courses on thestudent’s readiness for the industry. Suggestions for improving the PFE series are also provided,contributing to the ongoing effort to enhance the courses to achieve the students’ readinessobjectives. By heeding the insights gleaned from these findings and implementing targetedrecommendations, stakeholders can collaboratively improve the effectiveness of professionaldevelopment initiatives and empower students to thrive in the dynamic landscape of engineeringpractice.References[1] K. Pierce, "The Equity-Excellence Imperative: A 2030 Blueprint for Undergraduate Educationat U.S. Research

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Innovation

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen High, Oklahoma State University; Charlene Yauch, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

both the REACH academy module and the orientation course, the similaritiesand differences between Chemical and Industrial Engineering were described. This wasto give the students a broad description of the variety of areas that Engineering covers.The following information was given to students in a PowerPoint presentation/discussionformat:Chemical & Industrial Engineering • Both – Rely on Mathematics & Science Page 11.1460.7 – Design and improve processes – Consider safety, environmental, legal, & economic issues and impacts – Monitor and control processes to obtain high levels of quality

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anna Marti-Subirana, Phoenix College; Frank S Marfai, Phoenix College; Elena Ortiz Zuazaga; Robin Cotter, Phoenix College

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #41677Board 322: Introducing Bio Mediated Methodologies in Geotechnical Engineeringthrough Course-based Undergraduate Experiences (CUREs): Mitigating FugitiveDust Effects by Using Urease in Enzyme Induced Carbonate Precipitation(EICP)Dr. Anna Marti-Subirana, Phoenix College Anna Mart´ı-Subirana is a faculty member in the Biosciences Department at Phoenix College, where she teaches General Biology for Majors I (BIO 181) and BIO 247 (Applied Biosciences: Biotechnology), a course intended to prepare students for internships in bioscience and biomedical research labs. Born and raised in Barcelona (Spain), she has an MS in

Conference Session

Flipping ECE Courses

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jia-Ling Lin, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Paul Imbertson, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Tamara J. Moore, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

instructional model helpedestablish classroom discourse that fostered interactive communications and engaged students inmeaningful learning. We discussed the degree to which classroom discourse was authoritative vs.dialogic, and in particular how it enhanced the contextualized lecturing.The main goal of our current study is to improve our understanding of how students learn in“flipped classrooms” and what instructional interventions facilitate learning. Close attention hasbeen paid to the effectiveness of the new instructional approach on changing student learningbeliefs and behaviors. We are particularly interested in knowing if the implemented instructionalmodel helps build a learning community, in which communicative teaching and learning

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Efforts

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jade Mitchell, Michigan Sate University, Dept. of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering; Mark H. Weir, The Ohio State Universiry; Julie Libarkin; Joan B. Rose

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

affect risks associated with exposure to pathogenic agents or responses tohealth risks. Therefore, we developed an intensive short course to enhance multidisciplinarycross training and graduate research through a combination of lectures and experiential learningopportunities – hands-on exercises and a group project. Through a comprehensive evaluationplan of the course conducted in 2015, we assessed the expanded ability of the course to improveoutcomes for engineers in areas of the risk paradigm not traditionally emphasized in theirgraduate programs. Likewise, we tested the ability of the course to improve the quantitative andmodeling skills in participants with backgrounds in social and behavioral sciences. The surveyinstruments were developed

Conference Session

Flipping ECE Courses

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth A. Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Dianna L. Newman, University at Albany/SUNY; Meghan Morris Deyoe, University at Albany, SUNY

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

, and collaboration1,2. To cultivate and develop theseskills, much focus has been placed on higher education in STEM domains and the instructionthat is provided to students. The goal to provide instruction that will improve learning and elicit ahighly qualified workforce with critical thinking skills is not new. Constructivist-based learning,inquiry learning, and self-regulated learning are all methods of learning grounded in deepthinking, guided teaching, and active participation that have been shown to be effective inhelping students obtain and retain skills and new concepts, overtime showing greater proficiencyand expertise in content3-12. Over time, various approaches to implementing these theories oflearning have been revised and

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH) Technical Session 3: Student Success

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Muzammil Arshad, Texas A&M University; Rebecca R. Romatoski, St. Ambrose University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

effectiveness inmultiple modes of delivery. An important aspect of improvement in the course structure wasaddition of mini-labs, small concept experiments or practical problems in the classroom to bringan entrepreneurial mindset to the course. The present research also highlights the studentmotivation as this is another area of focus for modern instructional design. The study used theprocess of asking students to grade their own homework. The students were provided with thecorrect answers after submission of their assignments on the LMS and provided with a gradingrubric developed in an earlier study to grade their work. This helped students learn the materialmore effectively, instilling and encouraging self-learning. This also helped the students to

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Innovation

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claudio Talarico, Eastern Washington University; Esteban Rodriguez-Marek, Eastern Washington University; Min-Sung Koh, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

the motor that happened when trying toextend the arm at its full extension). Figure 10. Printed Circuit Board Page 14.67.8Table 1 summarizes for each project’s step what are the activities/skills involved and what arethe specific courses that foster the necessary student’s learning objectives. Table 1.Project Phase Activities/skills involved CoursesProject definition • multi-disciplinary learning • work effectively in multi- disciplinary teams • oral and written

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Efforts

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary P. Halada, Stony Brook University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

assessment methodology which would provide valuablefeedback to students and necessary knowledge for course management and improvement; andintegration of course design and accreditation criteria. The proposed content and format of thecourse is ideal for direct assessment of student outcomes for all accredited programs inengineering, in particular for the ability of engineering students to function on multidisciplinaryteams and have an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility, the broad educationnecessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global and societal context, anda knowledge of contemporary issues. Course description and learning objectives:Engineering disasters are usually catastrophic failures of a

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Courses

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mahdi Norouzi, Grand Valley State University; Janice S. Pawloski, Grand Valley State University; Huihui Qi, Grand Valley State University; Farid Jafari, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

aimed at understanding the effect of introducing the newmethods on the students gaining a more in-depth understanding of uncertainty analysis, as wellas improving their efficiency by using different methods. Four different instructors presentedthese three methods in ten different sections of a laboratory course, and 60 students volunteeredto fill a questionnaire. The survey questions and results are discussed below.1. How much has your understating of the role that uncertainty plays in an experimental analysis improved?2. Evaluate the difficulty of uncertainty analysis using the Law of Propagation of Uncertainty (Taylor’s Series Expansion) which you learned in EGR 220.3. Evaluate the difficulty of uncertainty analysis using Monte Carlo

Conference Session

BME Introductory Courses

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Mia Markey; Kathy Schmidt, The University of Texas at Austin

analyze and interpret data. This outcome relates to ABET EC2000criteria 3 b, e, and k. Since our department was formed in 2001, the course had been taught only twice prior to fall2004. One of us (MKM) taught BME 335 when it was offered for the first time in fall 2003 (N =68 students) and collaborated with our College of Engineering Faculty Innovation Center(directed by KJS) to identify areas for improvement. In the next few paragraphs we summarizethe changes made from fall 2003 to fall 2004 that are most relevant to this study of the role ofinstructional technology in learning statistics. In BME 335 fall 2003, multiple choice homework assignments were administered throughthe assessment tools in BlackBoard before and after each class

Conference Session

Curricular & Course Design

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Anne Field Wildschut, Calvin University; Gary A Jordan, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

leavetheir work to the last minute, cramming in study in less beneficial ways. Are there ways toredesign courses to encourage spaced practice? To examine this question, engineering professorsfrom two different institutions, The United States Military Academy (USMA) and CalvinUniversity (Calvin), applied different approaches to homework and frequent quizzes toencourage spaced practice for improved retention. The course at USMA was an introductoryconstruction management course taught in the Department of Civil & Mechanical Engineering.The course at Calvin was an upper-level hydraulic engineering course required for all studentsgraduating with a concentration in civil and environmental engineering or energy, environmental,and sustainability

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Innovation

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juliet Hurtig, Ohio Northern University; John-David Yoder, Ohio Northern University; Michael Rider, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

; Computer Engineering and Computer Science Department (ECCS) at OhioNorthern. Both of these EE control courses have had a required laboratory componentwith weekly laboratory meetings. The key equipment used in the EE control laboratorieswas ten years old and the department was seeking to replace this hardware. This olderequipment could only implement analog controller and sensor designs, lacking an easyinterface for students to practice digital implementation schemes for controller designsand sensors. Thus, with two departments in need of improving their laboratoryequipment for control system courses and with these prices continuing to climb, it wasthought that collaboration between the two departments would allow for much better-equipped

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Courses

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samuel Aaron Snyder, Virginia Tech; Desen Sevi Özkan, Virginia Tech; Diana Bairaktarova, Virginia Tech; Thomas W. Staley, Virginia Tech; Stephen Biscotte, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

enrollment continues to increasedue to an increasing dependence on student tuition as a funding source for higher educationinstitutions, many of the current issues for the undergraduate curriculum revolve around how toserve a larger cohort [2]. Engineering education seeks to improve and sustain sequentialintegration across courses and provide courses that help students develop as holistic engineers[10], [11], but making these changes for an increasing student population is an added challenge.BackgroundMultidisciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity, and TransdisciplinarityMultidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity learning are difficult objectives toincorporate into course goals, often because faculty have different understandings of

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Efforts

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacquelyn Kay Nagel, James Madison University; Patrice M. Ludwig, James Madison University; Erica J. Lewis

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

solutions. This process ensures that students take ownership of their project as anengaged team. It allows students to strengthen their problem-solving and collaboration skills.The interdisciplinary teaching team models the teamwork skills the students are learning. Theaim is to promote interdisciplinary learning, foster teamwork, and improve student engagement.Other course objectives are to develop students’ creative problem solving, empathetic designpractices, communication skills, prototyping skills, and ethical reasoning. Students are expectedto become proficient at the empathetic design process as well as interdisciplinary communicationand teamwork. Creative problem solving, ethical reasoning, and realization of a product throughprototyping

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Capstone Courses

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacqulyn Baughman, Iowa State University; Gretchen A. Mosher, Iowa State University; Ann M Gansemer-Topf, Iowa State University ; Tejas Dhadphale Ph.D., Iowa State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

unless other criteria are not met. A primarypurpose of ABET is to ensure engineers are receiving the skills and competencies needed to besuccessful engineers. With this purpose in mind, engaging ABET representatives in discussionsaround multidisciplinary capstones and how they may fit within ABET criteria may be useful –both for the university as well as for the ABET organization.Therefore, industry-university collaboration may be needed to develop an effective andsustainable multidisciplinary capstone. This collaboration could be facilitated by havingprofessionals from academic and industry work together to best understand and articulate what isneeded from the senior capstone course in terms of multidisciplinary content and skills, and thebest

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Capstone Courses

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Narges Balouchestani-Asli, University of Toronto; Matthew Kiprop Greenacre, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; Kamran Behdinan, University of Toronto

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

, supervisors may provide students means of avoiding knowledge transfer with theirteammates. This should be further investigated to ensure that supervisors are able to promote theteamwork and the knowledge transfer that we found to be linked to improved team innovation.It is worthwhile to mention that studies show that there are many other factors like motivation,critical thinking and entrepreneurial mind-set that results in innovation. But in this study, wefocused on the effect of functional diversity.21Study LimitationsOur analysis in this study were limited by the sample size and dimensions. Although the samplewas large enough to allow for a robust analysis, the sample did not include all students in thecapstone course. This means the analysis that

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Innovation

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lionel Craddock, Bluefield State College; Daphne Rainey, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Susan Faulkner, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Frank Hart, Bluefield State College; Martha Eborall, Bluefield State College; Lewis Foster, Bluefield State College; Stephen Cammer, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Betsy Tretola, Virginia Tech; Bruno Sobral, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Oswald Crasta, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Bruce Mutter, Bluefield State College

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

disciplines to utilize this new teaching/learning paradigm, developproject-centric coursework, deploy the project-centric course to BSC students, and form the basisfor continuous improvement in the curriculum as needed to reflect this new teaching/learningparadigm. The BSC professors were provided the necessary mentoring and tools to develop anddeploy a course that facilitates multidisciplinary teaching/learning, thus advancing thepreparation of current and future generations of scientists, engineers, and educators.Project-Centric Cyberinfrastructure Education: Course DevelopmentImplementation of a project-centric teaching paradigm was aimed at engaging students inapplying the concepts of cyberinfrastructure. During the process of course development

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Development

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harold R. Underwood, Messiah College; Donald George Pratt, Messiah College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

CurriculumA multidisciplinary engineering curriculum requires certain core courses to provide students withthe content they will need to be successful in subsequent coursework, projects and beyond.Circuit Analysis, a common core course, has traditionally emphasized the analog side, leavingdigital circuits for electrical or computer specializations. While a number of recent papers3-8address improved methods of instruction for Circuit Analysis, strategic ordering of topics andselection of content also makes a difference in preparing students for the curriculum as a whole.With the growing infusion of digital technology in contemporary practice, we believe students inall engineering disciplines should have exposure to digital theory, at least at a basic

Conference Session

Service Learning Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cher Cornett, East Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

-learning projects, more effectively. By moving professional practiceinstruction from Portfolio Development to a separate course, students will have a longer time-frame to complete the work without the pressure of having to also create a portfolio in the sameclass.References1. Cook, G. & Jonas, A. (2004) Maryland’s best practices: An improvement guide for school-based service learning, Page 12.109.13 Maryland Student Service Alliance. Maryland Department of Education. Baltimore, MD. Retrieved September 3, 2005 from http://www.mssa.sailorsite.net/best_practices.pdf2. Service learning delivers what Americans want from schools

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Innovation

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ian Papautsky, University of Cincinnati; Erik Peterson, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

engineering, and biomedical engineering.Course evaluations over the past three years suggest that the course was successful for a numberof reasons. The use of research articles to supplement lecture materials worked effectively,providing undergraduate students with a real world perspective. Reading assignments,discussions of research papers, and short quizzes at the beginning of lectures were used to testunderstanding of concepts. This was also done to ensure that students were not overwhelmed bythe multidisciplinary material or the course pace. The results of the three-year pilot program areencouraging, and suggest that the approaches followed in this course could be adapted tointroduce engineering students to advanced multidisciplinary research

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Innovation

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Frank Liou, University of Missouri-Rolla

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

Program, and is administered through theDean’s office.This interdisciplinary committee structure has proven to be very effective inimplementing such an interdepartmental program. All the manufacturing related coursesare associated with the individual departments and are assigned to the associateddepartment’s course title. In other words, no “manufacturing” course is offered. On thecountrary, the manufacturing program has helped faculty in various departments developmanufacturing related courses. The objective of our program is not only to enhance themanufacturing discipline, but also help the other departments grow. This is the way thecollaborations grow in the long term. As part of the UMR manufacturing startup program,13 internally funded

Conference Session

Capstone Courses II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Borchers, Kettering University; David Rinard, Steelcase, Inc.; Trevor Harding, Kettering University; Terri Lynch-Caris, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

, faculty at Kettering University aredeveloping a combined senior level and graduate level course in industrial ecology. TheNational Science Foundation is funding this effort under a three year CCLI grant.The KIET, working with their advisory board, determined that a useful starting point for thisproject was the Ford Motor Company PAS (Partnership for Advanced Studies) program. Inparticular, KIET believes that the PAS module “Closing the Environmental Loop” is an excellentbase for adaptation into a university level course. Ford’s experience in high schools with PASshowed it to be effective in building interest in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering andMathematics) among high school students, especially female and under-represented

Conference Session

Capstone Courses I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Grant Martin, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering Constituent Committee

instructor andthe client (before the semester starts) to discuss the expectations of both parties.In general, SE450 has been successful at introducing the engineering decision process toour audience of non-engineering cadets. In course-end feedback, 147 of 224 cadets eitheragreed or strongly agreed that “this course improved my ability to solve real-worldproblems through quantitative techniques.” 144 of the 224 agreed or strongly agreed that“this course taught me to apply the engineering design process and use appropriatetechnology to develop solutions that are both effective and adaptable.” Informally, cadetsaccept that the SEMP is a technique that could be used to solve a wide range of problems,but they were skeptical at its use in some of the

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Development

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Richey, The Boeing Company; Fabian Zender, The Boeing Company; Charles J Camarda, NASA

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

large majority of programs the capstone cannot be multidisciplinary as requiredof the programs in ABET criteria (d). Similarly can criterion (g) effective communication reallybe met if the only communication required is with people that you can always talk face to facewith? Both the AerosPACE and ICED program meet and surpass all ABET programrequirements in a single course and because they are steeped in research and utilizing moderninteraction platforms allow for true evaluation of student success in each. More details for thiswill be provided later on. Page 26.646.5 Table 1. Comparison of Traditional Capstone and Keystone Programs

Conference Session

ET Capstone Courses

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Hamid Khan

Session 2648 Teaching to Design, Build, and Test in Senior Projects: Learning Outcomes in the Cognitive, Affective and Psychomotor Domains Hamid Khan Master of Technology Program Northern Kentucky University Highland Heights, KY 41099 khanh@nku.eduAbstract: ABET Criterion I.C.2.b: “Technical Design Courses ---- These are courses inpractice-oriented standard design applied to work in the field, such as construction, inwhich students acquire experience in carrying out established design