Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Design and Labs

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diane Peters, Kettering University; Austin Nash, Kettering University

forgetting to upload a document, and increased value when reviewing labslater.1 IntroductionMany universities utilize MATLAB in a number of laboratory classes, in different departments.These can include disciplines such as electrical and computer engineering [1], freshman yearexperience courses [2, 3], and mechanical engineering [4, 5, 6]. While the courses in questionmay focus on programming [7, 8, 9], many courses use MATLAB more as a means to an end inteaching other material. In particular, MATLAB is used in many dynamic systems courses in themechanical engineering curriculum, and has been for some time [10, 11, 12, 13, 14], includingboth modeling courses [15, 13] and controls courses [16, 12].While lab classes are universally regarded as

Conference Session

Computers in Education 8 - Video Technology

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Markus Iseli, University of California, Los Angeles; Tianying Feng, University of California, Los Angeles; Gregory Chung, University of California, Los Angeles; Ziyue Ruan; Joe Shochet, codeSpark; Amy Strachman, codeSpark

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

topic of interest in K-12 education. Childrenthat are exposed at an early age to STEM curriculum, such as computer programming andcomputational thinking, demonstrate fewer obstacles entering technical fields [1]. Increasedknowledge of programming and computation in early childhood is also associated with betterproblem solving, decision-making, basic number sense, language skills, and visual memory [2].As a digital competence, coding is explicitly regarded as a key 21st Century Skill, as the“literacy of today,” such that its acquisition is regarded as essential to sustain economicdevelopment and competitiveness [3]. Hence, the reliable evaluation of students’ process data incontext of problem solving tasks that require CT is of great

Collection

Proceedings of the 2020 ASEE PSW Section Conference, canceled

Authors

Heather Marriott, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott

incorporated into the curriculum. I’m currentlyworking with other professors to evaluation the use of augmented reality as a tool in universityclassrooms.References[1] Isong, B. "A Methodology for Teaching Computer Programming: first year students' perspective" I.J. Modern Education and Computer Science, pp. 15-21, September 2014.[2] Plump, C. and LaRosa, J. “Using Kahoot! In the Classroom to Create Engagement and Active Learning: A Game-Based Technology Solution for ELearning Novices” Management Teaching Review, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 151–158, doi:10.1177/2379298116689783, June 2017.[3] Wang, A. I. and Lieberoth, A. “The effect of points and audio on concentration , engagement , enjoyment , learning , motivation , and classroom

Conference Session

Approaches to K -12 Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Pelletier, Northern Essex Community College; Wayne Kibbe, Northern Essex Community College; Paul Chanley, Northern Essex Community College

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

2006-830: EMBEDDED COMPUTER SYSTEMS & PHOTONICS: APROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT COURSE FOR MIDDLE AND HIGH SCHOOLTEACHERSMichael Pelletier, Northern Essex Community CollegeWayne Kibbe, Northern Essex Community CollegePaul Chanley, Northern Essex Community College Page 11.529.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Embedded Computer Systems & Photonics: A Professional Development Course for Middle and High School TeachersAbstractThe STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Fellows Program wasa new initiative of the Northeast Network STEM Pipeline Project in 2004-2005, to focusattention on STEM education in middle schools and high schools

Conference Session

Tips and Tricks for Actively Engaging Students

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samuel J. Dickerson, University of Pittsburgh; Renee M. Clark, University of Pittsburgh; Anita Jain

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

assessment, the students participated in and engaged with the in-classactivities, which was also observed by the assessment analyst, as discussed in the followingsection on the classroom observation. If the instructor noticed reluctance by students to begintalking during the TPS activities, he would pose everyday “icebreaker” questions to get studentsto start talking or circulate among the students who were not talking to generate conversation,and both methods were successful. The instructor observed that students made classroomcollaborations and friendships based upon his use of the TPS activities during this firstelectrical/computer engineering course in the curriculum, and his prediction is that these smallwork groups will persist throughout the

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 13

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wenbing Zhao, Cleveland State University; Xiong Luo, University of Science and Technology, Beijing and Beijing Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering for Materials Science; Chaomin Luo, University of Detroit Mercy; Yonghong Peng, University of Sunderland, St. Peters Campus

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

academic year with a huge success [2]. Our two courses wereoffered as technical elective courses. The two courses are the only two project-based courses oncutting-edge computer technologies in our curriculum. These courses provided students with theopportunities to learn and practice real-world software engineering, and gain experiences insolving multidisciplinary practical problems. Furthermore, these courses help students to attainseveral ABET student outcomes that are difficult to accomplish via traditional lecture-based andlab-based courses, such as (f) an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility, (i) arecognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning, and (j) a knowledge ofcontemporary issues.These

Conference Session

ETAC/ABET-Related Issues

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sri R. Kolla, Bowling Green State University; David Border, Bowling Green State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Paper ID #15489ATMAE to ABET Accreditation: An Assessment Transition in an Electronicsand Computer Engineering Technology ProgramDr. Sri R. Kolla, Bowling Green State University Sri R. Kolla has been a faculty in the Electronics and Computer Engineering Technology program at the Bowling Green State University, Ohio, since 1993 in various positions and currently a Professor. He worked as a Guest Researcher at the Intelligent Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 2000-’01. During 2008-09, he was a Fulbright Research Scholar at the Electrical Engineering Department, Indian

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammad Rafiq Muqri, DeVry University - Pomona; Javad Shakib, DeVry University - Pomona; Hasan Muqri; Moe Saouli, DeVry University - Pomona

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Paper ID #17369An Electrical and Computer Startup Kit for Fundamentals of Engineering(FE) ExamDr. Mohammad Rafiq Muqri, DeVry University - Pomona Dr. Mohammad R. Muqri is a Professor in College of Engineering and Information Sciences at DeVry University. He received his M.S.E.E. degree from University of Tennessee, Knoxville. His research interests include modeling and simulations, algorithmic computing, analog and digital signal processing.Dr. Javad Shakib, DeVry University - PomonaHasan MuqriDr. Moe Saouli, DeVry University - Pomona Twenty five years industry and academe experience, in public, for profit, and non- profit

Conference Session

Retention Issues

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phyllis Tedford, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi; John Fernandez, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

2006-1693: COMPUTER SCIENCE RECRUITING AND RETENTION OFUNDERGRADUATES TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE BUSINESS COMMUNITYJohn Fernandez, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi Dr. Fernandez is Assistant Professor of Computer Science in the Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences. Having served 20 years in the U.S. Air Force and 10 years in private industry, Dr. Fernandez brings real-world experiences into the classroom for his students. His research interests are in HCI, information assurance, and software engineering.Phyllis Tedford, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi Mrs. Tedford is an Instructor of Computer Science in the Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences. She

Conference Session

Projects in ECE

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wookwon Lee, Gannon University; Nicholas B. Conklin, Gannon University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

events (green upward triangles)this project and their course work in the ECE department at the University, we have reviewedhow many credit hours of course work in the department would be directly related to thisproject. It should be first noted that students in the current ECE curriculum at the University arerequired to take a total of 131 credit hours (electrical engineering option, or EE) or 132 credithours (computer engineering option, or CE). This includes (1) 48 credit hours of the LiberalStudies Core composed of theology, philosophy, ethics/moral responsibility, history, writing,speech, fine arts, literature, social science, science, mathematics, first-year seminar, leadershipseminar, and senior capstone; (2) 20-23 additional credit hours

Conference Session

Computers in Education Poster Session

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

G Kohli; S P Maj; D Veal

in Australian Workplaces. 2ed.Redfern, NSW, Australia: The Open Training and Education Network. Australia: 177-178. (1995).4. Goldwasser, S., Monitor Safety, CRTs and Adjustments, in Electronics Now. 18-22. (1999).5. Goldsworthy, A.W., IT and the Competency Debate - Skill vs Knowledge: A Major Issue. The AustralianComputer Journal. 25 (3). Australia: 113-122. (1993).6. Maj, S. P., Robbins, G., Shaw, D., & Duley, K. W., Computer and Network Installation, Maintenance andManagement - A Proposed New Curriculum for Undergraduates and Postgraduates. The Australian ComputerJournal. 30 (3). Australia: 111-119. (1998).7. Maj, S.P., Veal, D., & Charlesworth. P., Is Computer Technology Taught Upside Down? In The 5th AnnualSIGCSE/SIGCUE

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions to Student Learning through Laboratory Experiences

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jean Jiang, Purdue University, North Central; Li Tan, Purdue University, North Central

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

based on our collected data fromcourse evaluations, student surveys and course work, and finally we will address possibleimprovement based on our assessment.I. IntroductionThe application of adaptive digital filtering technology has been found widely in modernelectronic products, communication and control systems, computer peripherals, and multimediadevices1-7. In the area of digital signal processing (DSP) education for the engineeringtechnology curriculum, the adaptive filter theory and techniques are considered to be advancedtopics to be covered during the student’s senior year. The trend of using adaptive filters in theindustry has generated an increasing demand for engineering technology graduates with thisparticular working knowledge and

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

Zbigniew Prusak

Session 3648 From Computers to Mechanisms – the Demand for Teaching Skills the ‘Reverse Way’ Zbigniew Prusak Central Connecticut State UniversityABSTRACT A growing number of students enters universities having spent considerable amount of time withcomputers and other devices that expand only visual interaction and combination skills. How do theydo with their digital understanding of a largely analog world that surrounds us? What difficulties dothey encounter learning traditional tools and machines? Analysis of usefulness of these

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computing and Information Technology Programs II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Candido Cabo, New York City College of Technology/CUNY

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

showed thatstudent performance in the “structural” conceptual component is predictive of the student’sability to solve practical computer programming problems.Others before us have identified different factors that are important for student success incomputer programming. Earlier work emphasizes the distinction between problem-solving skillsand programming skills for student success 4, 5, 9 as two different sets of cognitive skills, andsuggest to teach problem solving before teaching actual programming. In our curriculum we usethat approach, by requiring students to take a problem-solving course before they take their firstprogramming course (see Methods/Participants). Still, to be able to write viable computerprograms, students need both

Conference Session

Computers in Education General Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Huiru Shih P.E., Jackson State University; Jacqueline M Jackson, Jackson State University ; Cassandra L Hawkins Wilson, Jackson State University; Pao-Chiang Yuan, Jackson State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Engineering) from Ok- lahoma State University in 1986. He has published 60+ abstracts and articles in journals and contributed chapters to four books. Dr. Yuan continues to serve as peer reviewer for state, private grant programs and different professional journals and magazines. He is the board member of USEPA Monitoring Group, Gulf of Mexico Program. He is also council member of Mississippi Citizen Crops, Mississippi Office of Homeland Security. Dr. Yuan is the recipient, 2002 Outstanding Mentor of the Year, The Alliance for Graduate Education in Mississippi. 2004 recipient of Recycler of the year, presented by Mississippi Recycling Coalition. Professor Yuan is the JSU/Hinds County/MDEQ Computer Recycling Program di

Collection

2015 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Ronald P. Uhlig

Demonstrate written and oral communication X X X skills expected of a computer science professional. Table 3 – Student Outcome to Institutional Learning Outcome MappingGaps in the program are identified using the direct and indirect measures. These gaps aresummarized in the annual assessment reviews, which are then used to bring about changes tocourses and to the curriculum as part of the continuous improvement process.The results of the annual assessments are shared with two sets of stakeholders: the programfaculty and the Program Advisory Board, each of which may then suggest further changes to theprogram. Input from

Conference Session

Integrative Projects in Aerospace Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joel Weinstein, Northeastern University; Randy August, Northeastern University; Len Dow, Northeastern University; Jerome Tapper, Northeastern University; Francis Di Bella, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

a Product Design Specification document, a Detailed EngineeringAnalysis document, and provide a prototype or mock up of their project or a significantsub system component including test results. The capstone course culminates in a 20-minute oral presentation in addition to a written Final Report.1 Northeastern University also has an Electrical and Computer Engineering and a Mechanical, IndustrialEngineering curriculum that also offers a Capstone Project course. However, the students in each of theseengineering disciplines work only within their own discipline as is typically done for Capstone SeniorDesign Projects.2 Northeastern University is a cooperative education school and for this reason the Introductory Course and

Conference Session

Assessing Learning Outcomes for Flipped Classrooms, Recruitment and Research Internships, and Alternate Assessments for Online Courses

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ritushree Chatterjee, Iowa State University; Ahmed E. Kamal, Iowa State University; Zhengdao Wang, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Paper ID #14692Alternate Assessments to Support Formative Evaluations in an AsynchronousOnline Computer Engineering Graduate CourseMs. Ritushree Chatterjee, Iowa State University Ritushree Chatterjee is an Instructional Development Specialist working at Engineering-LAS Online Learning at Iowa State University. She did her undergraduate in Chemistry from Delhi University, In- dia and subsequently received her MS in Environmental Chemistry from Iowa State University. She received her second MS in Education with specialization in Curriculum and Instructional Technology and her Instructional Design certificate from Iowa

Collection

2013 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Raman Unnikrishnan; Victor H. Delgado; Hye Sun Moon; Edward Sullivan

Retention Strategies for Engineering and Computer Science High Impact Practices (HIP) during first year in college Raman Unnikrishnan and Victor H. Delgado College of Engineering and Computer Science Hye Sun Moon and Edward Sullivan Office of Institutional Research & Analytical Studies California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 AbstractThe High Tech Education working group of the President's Council on Jobs and Competitiveness(Jobs Council) concluded that an increase in the number of U.S. engineering and computerscience graduates

Conference Session

Intersections of Identity and Student Experiences: Equity, Culture & Social Justice Technical Session 10

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Simone Nicholson, Florida International University; Trina Fletcher, Florida International University

Paper ID #38024In Search for Pleasurable Experiences for Black Girls andWomen in Engineering and ComputingSimone Nicholson FIU Engineering Education PHD student| Feminist/Womanist| HBCU engineer alumna| Baltimore Born and RaisedTrina L. Fletcher (Assistant Professor) Dr. Trina L. Fletcher is an Assistant Professor of Engineering and Computing Education and a Faculty Fellow for the Division of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) at Florida International University. Her research includes asset-based studies on women and people of color within STEM education and engineering and computing education at historically

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Dominik May, University of Georgia; Beshoy Morkos, University of Georgia; Andrew Jackson, University of Georgia; Fred Richard Beyette Jr., University of Georgia; Nathaniel Hunsu, University of Georgia; Joachim Walther, University of Georgia; Amy Ingalls, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Paper ID #32550Switching from Hands-on Labs to Exclusively Online Experimentation inElectrical and Computer Engineering CoursesDr. Dominik May, University of Georgia Dr. May is an Assistant Professor in the Engineering Education Transformations Institute. He researches online and intercultural engineering education. His primary research focus lies on the development, in- troduction, practical use, and educational value of online laboratories (remote, virtual, and cross-reality) and online experimentation in engineering instruction. In his work, he focuses on developing broader educational strategies for the design and

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jia Zhu, Florida International University; Leila Zahedi, Florida International University; Monique S. Ross, Florida International University

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

Paper ID #33114Evaluating Publications’ Keywords in Computer Science EducationResearch: A Bibliometric NLP ApproachJia Zhu, Florida International University Jia Zhu is a Ph.D. student in the Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Science at Florida International University (FIU). Her research interests include computer science education, educa- tional data mining, and data science, with a focus on broadening participation in computing.Leila Zahedi, Florida International University Leila Zahedi is a Ph.D. candidate in computer science at the School of Computing and Information Sci- ences (SCIS) at Florida

Conference Session

Track: Special Topic - Identity Technical Session 13

Collection

2019 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity

Authors

J. McLean Sloughter, Seattle University; Agnieszka Miguel, Seattle University; Mara Rempe, Seattle University; Katie Kuder P.E., Seattle University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Special Topic: Identity

 where we plan to start our efforts: academic success and preparation, feeling of inclusion, climate of success and enjoyment, and ability to make transitions.  Early discussions are happening in the math department developing courses at the lower levels based on individual students demonstrating mastery of skills. This would promote necessary strong foundations in mathematics as well as added confidence to move forward in the engineering or computer science curriculum.  We are also connecting with a university wide committee that is just beginning to look at what a summer bridge program might look like. Currently, that is not exclusively engineering related, but it is important for us to be part of that discussion and make sure there is a part

Conference Session

Introduction to the Field of Biomedical Engineering - June 25th

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Christine E. King, University of California, Irvine; Beth A. Lopour, University of California, Irvine

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

Paper ID #29342Introducing Neuroscience to High School Students through Low-Cost BrainComputer Interface TechnologiesProf. Christine E King, University of California, Irvine Dr. Christine King is an Assistant Teaching Professor of Biomedical Engineering at UC Irvine. She re- ceived her BS and MS from Manhattan College in Mechanical Engineering and her PhD in Biomedical Engineering from UC Irvine, where she developed brain-computer interface systems for neurorehabil- itation. She was a post-doctorate in the Wireless Health Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles, and a research manager in the Center for SMART

Conference Session

K-12 Computer Science and Computational Thinking Initiatives

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Eguchi, Bloomfield College

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

potential to significantly impact the nature of engineering andscience education at all levels, from K-12 to graduate school” [3, para 1]. In higher education,most of the courses that utilize robotics are for computer science/engineering related areas Page 24.852.2especially with introductory level courses [2, 4]. Drew, Esposito, and Perakslis point out thatLEGO Mindstorms, an educational robotics kit widely available around the world, has beenintegrated into curriculums at many higher education institutions across the world includingMIT, Brown University, University of Maryland, Tufts University, University of Aarhus atDenmark, University of Utrecht

Conference Session

Energy Programs and Software Tools

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Shuhui Li; Rajab Challoo

Session Number: 3433Restr uctur ing Ener gy Conver sion Cour se Using An Integr ative Appr oach and Computer Assisted Teaching Tools Shuhui Li and Rajab Challoo Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Texas A&M University – Kingsville Kingsville, TX 78363ABSTRACT The course of Energy Conversion is a required course in EE curriculum at Texas A&MUniversity – Kingsville (TAMUK). Traditionally, this course dealt with topics of transformersand electric machines, and was normally presented under

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Technical Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karinna M. Vernaza, Gannon University; Theresa Vitolo, Gannon University; Scott Steinbrink, Gannon University; Barry J. Brinkman, Gannon University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

materials, and reliability for design. She is actively involved in outreach activities that introduce middle school students to engineering.Dr. Theresa Vitolo, Gannon UniversityScott Steinbrink, Gannon University Associate Professor and Chair, Mechanical Engineering Department, Gannon University.Barry J Brinkman, Gannon University Page 22.1274.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011Scholars of Excellence in Engineering and Computer Science Program Phase I: Development and ImplementationThe Scholars of Excellence in Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS) program

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Teri Rhoads; Barry Mauldin

embraces modernapplications such as computer tools, and the Internet. Hailey7 found there to be no statisticalrelevant difference in learning when the material was presented via traditional or digitalmultimedia. Azemi1 said that computer based instruction cannot replace lectures, but they canenhance them. Hawley and Crynes8 concur that multimedia technology has great potential toimprove curriculum delivery. Taylor and Growler16 advise that information technology should notreplace instructor-peer interaction, but enhance the relationship. Because of this, there is a greatdesire to find ways to utilize multimedia tools within course instruction.The challenge is finding a good method to enhance the learning. Computer multimedia provides alot of

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division (EP2D) Technical Session 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Morphew, Purdue University; Amirreza Mehrabi, Purdue Engineering Education; Ben Van Dusen, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Jayson Nissen

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics and Physics Division (EP2D)

Paper ID #42564AI-Based Concept Inventories: Using Cognitive Diagnostic Computer AdaptiveTesting in LASSO for Classroom AssessmentDr. Jason Morphew, Purdue University Jason W. Morphew is an Assistant Professor in the School of Engineering Education at Purdue University. He earned a B.S. in Science Education from the University of Nebraska and spent 11 years teaching math and science at the middle school, high school, and community college level. He earned a M.A. in Educational Psychology from Wichita State and a Ph.D. from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.Amirreza Mehrabi, Purdue Engineering Education I am

Conference Session

Innovative Instructional Strategies and Curricula in ECE I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Bedrich Benes, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2011-2730: A GUIDED INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING APPROACH TOHIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTER GRAPHICS EDUCATIONAlejandra J. Magana, Purdue University, West Lafayette Alejandra J. Magana is a Visiting Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer and Information Technology and the School of Engineering Education, at Purdue University. Alejandra’s research inter- est are focused on identifying how computational tools and methods can support the understanding of complex phenomena for scientific discovery and for inquiry learning.Bedrich Benes, Purdue University Bedrich Benes is Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Graphics Technology at Purdue University. He received his Ph.D in Computer Science from Czech