Conference Session

Women in K-12 Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Porche, Wellesley Centers for Women; Corinne McKamey, Wellesley Centers for Women; Peter Wong, Museum of Science

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

against White students as the reference group. School site was alsorecoded into a set of dummy variables with each of the smaller theme-based schools andthe math and science exam school tested against the humanities exam school as thereference group.Maternal Education Level. Because of intergeneration patterns of educational attainment,we include student report of mother’s highest level of formal education. Maternaleducational level is also an important measure of students’ socioeconomic status (SES),although student reporting of this variable is often challenging; for the logistic regression,data was imputed for 16% of students who were unable to provide this information(primarily because they claimed not to know it).Parents Use of STEM. Because

Conference Session

Instructional Innovations in AEC Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Ann Frank, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; David Cowan, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Michael Boyles, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Jeffrey Rogers, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Keith Goreham, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Jatmika Suryabrata, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia; Yulyta Kodrat, Indonesian Institute of the Arts

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

AC 2009-378: VIRTUAL-REALITY TECHNOLOGY AND THE TEACHING OFARCHITECTURAL LIGHTINGMary Ann Frank, Indiana University-Purdue University, IndianapolisDavid Cowan, Indiana University-Purdue University, IndianapolisMichael Boyles, Indiana University-Purdue University, IndianapolisJeffrey Rogers, Indiana University-Purdue University, IndianapolisKeith Goreham, Indiana University-Purdue University, IndianapolisJatmika Suryabrata, Gadjah Mada University, IndonesiaYulyta Kodrat, Indonesian Institute of the Arts Page 14.1350.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Virtual Reality Technology and the Teaching of Architectural LightingAbstractThe study of lighting in

Conference Session

Charting Inclusivity: Advancing Diversity, Equity, and Technology in Engineering and Computing Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cecilé Sadler, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Alicia Nicki Washington, Duke University; Shaundra Bryant Daily, Duke University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

Paper ID #41707Work in Progress: Understanding Differential Experiences of Identity in ComputingEnvironments Using a Computing Privilege InventoryCecil´e Sadler, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cecil´e Sadler is a PhD student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the MIT Media Lab with the Lifelong Kindergarten group. Her interests lie at the intersection of computing and education in designing equitable learning environments that cultivate creativity through technology-mediated creative learning experiences. She focuses on investigating how computing can be leveraged to create spaces for Black and brown

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) - Accessibility and Empathy in Engineering Education

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elisa Koolman, University of Texas at Austin; Anastasia Schauer, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

Paper ID #47468Review of terminology used in course-based engineering design for disabilityresearchElisa Koolman, University of Texas at Austin Elisa is a Ph. D. student at the University of Texas at Austin researching novel design tools, design engineering education, and equity in engineering.Dr. Anastasia Schauer, University of Texas at Austin ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 Review of terminology used in course-based engineering design for disability researchAbstractThe purpose of this review paper is to identify terminology used in course-based

Conference Session

Architectural Engineering Education II

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Don Bury; Bruce Mutter

, faculty Page 10.720.2professional development, experiential learning, or laboratory activities are integrated Proceedings of the 2005 American Society of Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2005, American Society of Engineering Educationinto the BSC Center for Applied Research and Technology (CART) mission and visionand the overall goals of the college. Plans for evaluation of the project will be developedthrough the BSC assessment office and will be designed for the size and scope of theundertaking. The resulting assessment of our work would likely be useful to similarinstitutions. Based on our

Conference Session

Tablets, Mobile and Technology

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Chingnam Goh, University of Southern Queensland; Linda Ann Galligan, University of Southern Queensland; Harry Ku, University of Southern Queensland

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

presentation medium, a lecture recording tool, and a wireless videoprojector, and its comparison with other low-cost alternatives.Analysis of our surveyed results suggests that students are overwhelmingly in favour ofintroducing Tablet PCs to lecture rooms and distance education. Though the authorsacknowledged that the initial familiarisation with the technologies and its use took time andeffort before achieving relative competency, tablet PCs are an effective and affordabletechnology that will significantly improve on the existing learning and teaching practices inengineering disciplines. Adequate training for lecturers is of critical importance to ensuresmooth and engaging delivery lectures. It would defeat our original aims for the tablet PCs ifthe

Conference Session

Faculty Perspectives of Active Learning, Inequity, and Curricular Change

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Aliye Karabulut-Ilgu, Iowa State University; Dana AlZoubi, Iowa State University; Evrim Baran, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #32823Exploring Engineering Faculty’s Use of Active-learning Strategies inTheir TeachingDr. Aliye Karabulut-Ilgu, Iowa State University Dr. Aliye Karabulut-Ilgu is an assistant teaching professor in the Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering at Iowa State University. Her background is in Curriculum and Instruction, and her research interests include online learning, hybrid learning, and technology integration in higher education.Dana AlZoubi, Iowa State University Dana AlZoubi is a PhD candidate, majoring in Educational technology and co-majoring in Human- Computer Interaction at

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Education in Engineering Technology

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Huiru Shih P.E., Jackson State University; Gordon W. Skelton, Jackson State University; Pao-Chiang Yuan, Jackson State University; Jessica Buck Ph.D., Jackson State University; Britney M. Williams, Jackson State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

for specialists in the field of emergencymanagement has never been greater. Those in the field of emergency management must haveadequate training, experience and education. JSU’s Technology Department already has a fewcourses related to it. However, there is still a need to create a concentration in EmergencyManagement Technology to well prepare our students as Emergency Management professionals.During the Spring of 2010, JSU’s Technology Department was selected to receive a grant fromthe US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for establishing an Emergency ManagementTechnology program. The Emergency Management Technology concentration provides studentswith the most up-to-date knowledge and skills of this rapidly expanding field. A bachelor

Conference Session

Security

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tim Lin, California State Polytechnic University-Pomona; Saeed Monemi, California State Polytechnic University-Pomona

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

impacts. Have the common sense and knowthe basic procedures to protect the computer from the general attacks. Able to perceive if somesecurity of the computer is compromised.Stage 2: Hands On Capabilities and Experience: able to use the tools, emulate attacks ordefenses, develop software / devices for attack / defense.Stage 3: Professionalism: know the different issues of security such as legal, social, economic,ethical, etc., achieve the technical level of professionals, pursue a career in this profession,conduct professionally (ethically, such as ethical hacking).Most books or courses on security education cover stage 1: statement of knowledge which makesthe students aware of the security issues. It is good for the students to achieve stage 2

Conference Session

Teaching Emerging Energy Technologies

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arunachala Nadar Mada Kannan; Lakshmi Munukutla, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

research and published several journal articles. She is the Chair of the Electronic Systems Department at Arizona State University at the Polytechnic campus. Page 12.246.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Application of Nano-technology for Energy Conversion and Storage A.M. Kannan and L.V. Munukutla Electronic Systems Department Arizona State University at the Polytechnic campusIntroduction Arizona State University at the Polytechnic campus has recently received fundingfrom the National Science Foundation (NSF

Conference Session

Issues in Engineering Technology Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher R Conty, Editor On Behalf of You

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

advanced text. But it was a PR disaster! Short term, it alienated Page 23.1112.5professors & students in advanced courses; longer term, it unleashed a vicious cycle: rising costs,price increases, more used books & fracturing of prior long-term loyalty to a given publisher. 22Technology publishers (ET & otherwise) were mostly able to postpone for a decade the profitsqueeze college text publishers in other disciplines experienced as the unintended consequenceof this switch to big market books – especially freshman/ sophomore-level texts – because: a) Technology was still viewed, even within educational publishing, as “less than

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sabeen A. Altaf, Institute of International Education; Eck Doerry, Northern Arizona University; Larry J. Shuman, University of Pittsburgh; Edward Randolph Collins Jr. P.E., Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

International

Paper ID #9329Joining Hands: Using Consortia to Efficiently Create Easily Accessible Inter-national Experiences for Engineering StudentsMs. Sabeen A Altaf, Institute of International Education Sabeen Altaf is currently the Senior Program Officer for Science and Technology Programs at the Institute of International Education (IIE). She manages the Whitaker International Program which sends emerging U.S.-based biomedical engineers abroad to study and/or undertake a self-designed research project, along with the Global Engineering Education Exchange (Global E3) Program, a leading international consor- tium for undergraduate

Conference Session

Pay It Forward: Critical Thinking, Reflection and Faculty Engagement Promote Success in Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary R Goldberg, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology; Rory A. Cooper, University of Pittsburgh; Dan Ding, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology; Alicia Koontz, Human Engineering Research Laboratories

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

AC 2011-2496: USING EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING TO INSPIRE, EDU-CATE, AND EMPOWER UNDERREPRESENTED UNDERGRADUATESIN STEMMary R Goldberg, M.Ed., Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh Mary Goldberg, M.Ed. coordinates the Education and Outreach programs for the Department of Re- habilitation Science and Technology at the University of Pittsburgh and the Quality of Life Technology Engineering Research Center. Ms. Goldberg facilitates the Research Experience for Undergraduates pro- gram, a new initiative entitled ELeVATE to transition veterans with disabilities to higher education, and continuing education activities to name a few. Ms. Goldberg is pursuing a PhD in Administration and

Conference Session

Engineering and Public Policy I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy R.B. Taylor P.E., University of Kentucky; Johne' M. Parker, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

AC 2012-4240: USING PUBLIC POLICY THEORY TO IMPROVE POWERENGINEERING EDUCATIONDr. Timothy R.B. Taylor P.E., University of KentuckyProf. Johne’ M. Parker, University of Kentucky Johne’ M. Parker is an Associate Professor of mechanical engineering. Page 25.1438.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Using Public Policy Theory to improve Power Engineering EducationIntroductionAs society continually increases its reliance on complex, highly integrated technological systemsto function, engineering education must evolve to include not only traditional engineeringsubjects

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade Outside of Class

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Autar Kaw

understanding ofthe course material. He does not abuse the modern technologies such as Power Point to cover ahuge amount of material, or even worse, show page after page of the textbook through Page 8.1011.2presentation viewers.Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright© 2003, American Society for Engineering Education The number of waking hours has not changed for either Efed or his students. Hence, hedoes not supplement but complement the course with new tools. For example, if he wants toassign projects in a course, he knows whether use of tools such as mathematical

Conference Session

Curriculum and Assessment I

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Asuman Cagla Acun Sener, University of Louisville; Jeffrey Lloyd Hieb, University of Louisville; Olfa Nasraoui , University of Louisville

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

, digital ink, and other technology and is currently investigating the use of the flipped classroom model and collaborative learning. His research in cyber security for industrial control systems is focused on high assurance field devices using microkernel architectures.Prof. Olfa Nasraoui , University of Louisville Olfa Nasraoui is Professor of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, Endowed Chair of e-commerce, and the founding director of the Knowledge Discovery and Web Mining Lab at the University of Louisville. She received her Ph.D. in Computer Engineering and Computer Science from the University of Missouri- Columbia in 1999. From 2000 to 2004, she was an Assistant Professor at the University of Memphis

Conference Session

Teaching with Technology

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Michael L Falk, Johns Hopkins University; Mike Reese, Johns Hopkins University; Camilo Vieira, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

(Thermodynamics) and Biomaterials I(Biomaterials). The research questions driving this study are: 1. What are students' perceptions regarding the utility of integrating computation in their studies and their future careers? 2. What are students' perceptions regarding their own abilities to implement computational methods commonly used to solve MSE problems? 3. What are students' intentions regarding the use of computation in their studies and future careers?Review of the LiteratureComputation is an essential engineering research and development tool for the analysis anddesign of solutions to modern technological needs3. Higher education, however, is not keepingpace by equipping undergraduate engineering students with the

Conference Session

Emerging Technologies and AI Integration in ECE Education

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suchita Anil Undare, University of Colorado Colorado Springs; Kiana Karami, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, The Capital College; Michael Scott Trimboli, University of Colorado Colorado Springs

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)

while maintaining adaptability to changing industry demands and local jobmarkets.By combining market analysis with personalized learning paths, the tool is designed to enhancestudents’ employability by preparing them for the specific demands of their desired industries.The use of AI/ML not only allows for scalable, real-time data processing but also provides anadaptive framework that evolves alongside changing market needs. This innovation addresses acritical need in engineering education by helping students make more strategic, informeddecisions about their academic preparation. Furthermore, by fostering closer alignment betweeneducation and employment, this tool supports universities’ mission to produce career-readygraduates, ultimately

Conference Session

Manufacturing Education Curriculum I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Walters, Pennsylvania State University; Prasad Marugabandhu, MAGLEV, Inc.; Bryan Bond, MAGLEV, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

viable career option because it is seen as a dying technology. Some 64million baby boomers are poised to retire in large numbers by the end of this decade. This groupaccounts for over 40 percent of the U.S. labor force. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports thatby 2010, the number of unfilled skilled worker posts will reach 5.3 million, increasing to 14 millionby 2015. Rapidly advancing technology will heavily influence the trends shaping the workplace ofthe future. All studies that look to the education and skills needs of today’s workers conclude thatemployers require more education and more technical skills from their employees. In today’seconomy, skill development and education must be a life long process as new technologies

Conference Session

Web Education I: Delivery and Evaluation

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Sally Waldron; Rose Robinson; Michael Gregg; Jenny Lo

. Harris. Applying Computers and Course-Management Software to Enhance Student Learning, Proceedings of 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition.3 B.S.Sridhara, Web-Enhanced Instruction in Engineering Technology: Advantages and Limitations, Proceedings of 2001 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition.4 Carlos Sun, Transportation Course Transformation through the Use of Instructional Technology, Proceedings of 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition.5 Cheating, Writing, and Arithmetic. U.S. News and World Report, November 22, 1999, p.546 Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). The Family Educational Rights and

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching in Architectural Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kuo Hung Huang, National Taipei University of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

research. After the literature review and analysis, the contentof the questionnaire was drafted and provided to experts to review the questionnaire validity.Once the questionnaire content was confirmed, students of Department of Architecture ofOOOO University Technology Extension Education were determined as the target populationfor the questionnaire. The questionnaire was organized after literature review and informationanalysis. It was used to investigate the perception of students toward learning behavior for theprograms in Department of Architecture Extension Education. The questionnaire wasdeveloped according to the result of literature analysis. After review by six experts to deletequestions and modify content, the questionnaire included 12

Conference Session

Assessing Perceptions of Engineers and Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Cunningham, Museum of Science, Boston; Cathy Lachapelle, Museum of Science, Boston; Anna Lindgren-Streicher, Museum of Science, Boston

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Page 11.528.7sort of technology for their work. This leads them to believe that pretty much anyone is anengineer—as these teachers explained, after choosing most or all 16 options, an engineer: “uses Proceedings of the 2006 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2006, American Society for Engineering Educationtechnology to create/work.” “Uses mechanical instruments as a main way to get a job done, espdesign and construction project.”A less common misunderstanding that would lead teachers to choose most or all of the options isthat “engineer” is the term for any sort of specialist. This misconception may be fostered bycommon usage of such terms as

Conference Session

Investigations Using Calculus Courses

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University

part of a group that developed a vision-based driverless vehicle for the US Army (HUMVEE; 65 mph). His related research work includes exploration of visual invariants that exist only during motion and can be used for real-time closed-loop control systems of cars and drones. He is also interested in teaching and learning innovative thinking, and how to teach innovatively. He is the author of five books: three on learning innovative thinking and two on teaching in visual, intuitive, and engaging ways. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com WIP: A Visual Approach to Teaching and Learning the Concept of Limit

Conference Session

The Role of Peers in Promoting Learning and Persistence

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Keilin Jahnke, University of Illinois Urbana - Champaign; Samantha Lindgren, University of Illinois Urbana - Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

success of engineering projects, domestically and abroad. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 You Teach Us: Peer Teaching in the Engineering ClassroomAbstractPeer teaching, an instructional technique which promotes both student interaction and activelearning, is explored in this evidence-based practice paper. Both in-person and virtual classroomsnecessitate that instructors carefully consider mechanisms of content delivery in order to retainstudent engagement. The You Teach Us, a peer teaching method described in this paper, enablesstudents to learn from one another through structured activities and can be utilized in courses ofvarying sizes. In the

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Sheldon Jeter

likely to becorrelated with a relatively large value of the quadratic coefficient, b2, and conversely. Inconsequence, the familiar formula for combining sources of error must be modified toadjust for this correlation. Specifically, the correct uncertainty of the polynomial modelmust be expressed using conditional uncertainties. The resulting formula for the so-called Page 10.865.2Standard Uncertainty, which is analogous to the standard deviation, is as follows Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright 2005, American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

Making Students Aware of Their World: Five Perspectives

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Linda M. Head, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Integrated CurriculumIntroduction and BackgroundThere have for many years been efforts to bridge the gap between educational experiences inengineering and the liberal arts and sciences. Such efforts typically take the form of coursesdesigned to promote technological literacy for liberal arts majors, or courses designed toencourage engineering or science majors to consider the social and political implications of theirprofessions.Technological literacy for non-technology majors has been addressed in a variety of ways. Onevery popular version is to provide a course for students, early in their collegiate career, to learnan engineering application that has direct relevance to their lives. This approach has been used atYale University in the course

Conference Session

Two-year College Potpourri

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Araceli Martinez Ortiz, Texas State University, San Marcos; Eusebio Mata, LBJ Institute for STEM Education and Research; Bahram Asiabanpour, Texas State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) for America’s Future (2010), Washington, DC. Available at: http://stelar.edc.org/publications/prepare-and- inspire-k-12-education-science-technology-engineering-and-math-stem2. Chen, Xianglei, and Matthew Soldner. "STEM attrition: college students' paths into and out of STEM fields. Statistical Analysis Report." Report NCES 2014–001, US Dept. of Education (2013).3. Committee on Underrepresented Groups and the Expansion of the Science and Engineering Workforce Pipeline; Committee on Science, E., and Public Policy; Policy and Global Affairs; National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine (2010). Expanding Underrepresented

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computing and Information Technology Programs II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norman Pestaina, Florida International University; Tiana Solis, Florida International University; Peter J. Clarke, Florida International Univeristy

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

professor in the School of Computing and In- formation Sciences at Florida International University. He is a member of the ACM (SIGSOFT, SIGCSE, and SIGAPP); IEEE Computer Society; and a member of the Association for Software Testing (AST). Page 24.199.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Assessing BS–CS Student Outcomes Using Senior ProjectAbstractUndergraduate program assessment is undertaken by many colleges world-wide in support oftheir continuous improvement processes. In addition to assuring stakeholders of program quality,assessment is required by major regional and

Conference Session

Professional Graduate Education & Industry

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norman Egbert, Rolls-Royce Corporation; Donald Keating, University of South Carolina; Eugene DeLoatch, Morgan State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

modern practice of engineering for technology development & innovation‘has itself changed substantially’ from that portrayed by linear research-driven paradigm ofengineering practice of 1945 U.S. science policy (See Appendix A). 6 Yet, with notableexceptions, the mainstream of U.S. engineering graduate education has not reflected this change.As outcomes of investigating the need for reform of engineering graduate education forcompetitiveness in the UK and in the US, the UK Parnaby Committee and the US NationalCollaborative Task Force have basically reached similar conclusions from essentially twoparallel efforts and from two different national perspectives: UK Parnaby Report Although the UK government had already begun to

Collection

2007 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

R.L.A. Jordan

engineering and technology has been developed over the years through “stand and deliver” methods to meet the objectives above. Overhead projectors, written and copied material, chalkboards and whiteboards for sketches and equations, hand written assignments and tests, and physical laboratory experiments, etc. are all easy to use to accomplish the objectives for educating the engineer or technician. With online training, however, different methods must be used to accomplish the educational objectives; some of which have not even been imagined. In this paper, online instruction for technology and engineering courses will be examined. In particular, the experiences of teaching a first synchronous distance education course will be