Conference Session

Global Engineering Models: Curriculum Development, Improvements, and Partnerships

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jian Yu, Auburn University and Tsinghua University, China; Chetan S. Sankar, Auburn University

Tagged Divisions

International

materials that bring real-world issues into classrooms. He has won awards for research and teaching excellence from the Society for Information Management, NEEDS, Decision Sciences Institute, American Society for Engineering Education, American Society for Mechanical Engineering, International Network for Engineering Education & Research, and the Project Management Institute. He is the editor-in-chief of the Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education and the managing editor of the Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research. He can be contacted at sankacs@auburn.edu. Page 22.833.1

Collection

2015 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Deeksha Seth; Gabriel Carryon; James Tangorra

, and (b) assess the creativity andinnovation of the students’ ideas and projects. The customers’ assessment was conducted in aface-to-face meeting after the completion of the course. The creativity of the projects wasmeasured by adopting a simple version of Peter Nilsson’s taxonomy of creative design. Nilsson’swork illustrates the evolution of a design from imitation to original measured in terms of formand content.9 The readers are suggested to refer to [9] for further details. The museums educatorswere asked to place the student ideas and projects within Nilsson’s framework of creativity andnovelty.ResultsThe project-based course coupled with a real-world application and with customers to providefeedback enhanced the students’ creative

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas, El Paso; Aditya Akundi, University of Texas at El Paso; Richard Chiou, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Ryan Wicker, University of Texas, El Paso; Zhonghua Hu, University of Texas at El Paso

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

of students’ devices (including Personal Computers, Laptops, Smartphones and Tablets). The users can access and test the basic functions of the virtual tutoring environment based on the real time functions of uPrint® SE Plus 3D printer. b. Application Server The application server contains student information such as their score, operation level and uploaded CAD files. Students will also be given access to a database of course materials and tutorial modules for organizing all the materials and information which can also be accessed and maintained by the teacher/administrator. c. Network Setup The uPrint® simulator also connects with the real machine through API. In the future

Conference Session

Training and Support for NEEs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vishwas Narayan Bedekar, University of Arkansas; John DUPE Lee, University of Arkansas; Douglas E. Spearot, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

vital firsthand experience in teaching andclass management. Prof. Malshe highly encouraged Dr. Bedekar and involved him actively inlearning pedagogical techniques and course management and organization.2. Steps from Pedagogical techniques and Course Management Page 23.852.6Figure 1 shows various resources used for modern teaching and learning experience in aclassroom including slides/notes, textbook, real world examples, internet and media to learnbasic concepts of materials science and to understand its applications in the real world. Prof.Malshe had a kickoff meeting with Dr. Bedekar and Mr. Lee two weeks before the semesterbegan and laid out

Conference Session

TELPhE Division Technical Session 2: The Broadening Face of Engineering Education

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Corey T. Schimpf, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (CoE)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

engineering andtechnology professional skills. The author used his past experience with the game to identify thesesubsystems: one subsystem which focused on Robin interacting with and manipulating technologythat she possessed or existed in the world and the other subsystem that focused on creating newdevices. While other systems could be analyzed, like the battle subsystem, for space and claritythe analysis focuses on two subsystems that reflect more general (or widely applicable)engineering/technology skills or practices. The author also added a miscellaneous section to thejournal to capture unexpected but important information and a reflection section to recordemerging thoughts related to the gameplay and narrative, while playing. In the journal

Conference Session

Improving Mechanics of Materials Classes

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Mary Boyce; Jung-Wuk Hong; Jaspal Sandhu; Eberhard Bamberg

section contains a topic overview,material properties, and solutions to common problems. The Friction Reference Section, forexample, contains a searchable database of friction coefficients, as well as an overview of theequations of friction.h) Case StudyThe case study is an involved analysis of an actual engineering problem. This section differs fromthe real world examples in that it introduces a problem from its conception and leads the studentthrough the entire process of engineering analysis. Not only does this offer the student a deeperunderstanding of the real-world applications of a topic, but it also allows the student to experiencethe engineering process. The problem presented in the Bending module is that of a snow ski. Thecase studies

Conference Session

Teaching Mechanical Systems: What's New

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arun Chintalapati, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Hong Sheng, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Richard Hall, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Robert Landers, Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

wasused in two of the tasks to provide both qualitative and quantitative data. Eye tracking is aninnovative method that is increasingly being used in the field of human-computer interaction forusability studies, as it can provide useful insight into the cognitive aspect of the users. Based onthe data analysis, a significant improvement was noticed in users interest after using RDS.Statistical analysis showed significant increase in career interest in science followed closely byenjoyment. Results from the analysis on learning outcomes suggest the RDS was perceived tohave high real world applicability. Results also showed an increase in knowledge gained afterusing the system. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) constructs such as perceived easeof

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division (MFG) Technical Session 5

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Md Fashiar Rahman, University of Texas at El Paso; Tzu-liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas at El Paso; Richard Y Chiou, Drexel University; Jakia Sultana, University of Texas at El Paso; S M Atikur Rahman, University of Texas at El Paso; Selim Molla, University of Texas at El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing Division (MFG)

that blends classroom instruction, laboratory-based learning, and hands-onexperience. University curricula increasingly incorporate advanced topics such as Industry 4.0technologies, automation, artificial intelligence (AI), and supply chain management to buildfoundational knowledge. Courses often include case studies, simulations, and project-basedlearning to help students understand real-world manufacturing challenges and solutions.Laboratory-based instruction further reinforces theoretical concepts by offering students practicalexposure to cutting-edge equipment like CNC machines, 3D printers, robotics, and IoT devices.These labs simulate real manufacturing environments, allowing students to experiment withprocess optimization, quality

Collection

2015 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Rose-Margaret Itua; Sharnnia Artis

application of principles and concepts inreal-world context or technology implications.11 Additionally, scientific principles are typicallytaught in scientific discipline silos, without real-world application that can span more than onescientific discipline.Responding to the challenges identified in the PCAST report, UC Berkeley created a researchexperience program for community college faculty, called RET in Engineering and ComputerScience Site: UC Berkeley's Context-Based Research Experience for Community CollegeFaculty (also referenced as the UCB Context-Based RET Site in this article) that offeredcommunity college faculty a nine-week experience that integrated individual hands-on researchwith team-based curriculum development to enable new

Conference Session

Military and Veterans Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Zachary Jordan Bunn, United States Military Academy; Julia Lyn Wyatt, United States Military Academy; Joshua N. Burns, United States Military Academy; Brian Riser, United States Military Academy; Kevin P. Arnett P.E., United States Military Academy; Michael Gerhardt Oesterle, Naval Facilities Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Military and Veterans

todetermine the adequacy of design code being used in real-world projects. This application ofMathematics and Natural Sciences resulted in Level 5 synthesizing to solve a civil engineeringproblem [1]. Research on these topics as well as application of blast knowledge, cubic splineinterpolation, and performance criteria achieved Level 5 of Breadth in Civil Engineering Areasand Design of the Technical Outcome Category [1]. Students also developed a modular methodfor the project to allow for simultaneous work on different goals of a project that could becombined to reach the desired end state. Each team member was assigned specific tasks andgoals to guide the team towards success in competitions and project completion. These actionsallowed students to

Conference Session

Games & Competitions for Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victoria Bennett, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Casper Harteveld, Northeastern University; Yevgeniya V. Zastavker, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

application or rote learning, engineeringjudgment requires critical thinking, adaptability, and situational awareness. Consequently, itmust be practiced and cultivated through educational experiences that replicate the complexityand uncertainty of real-world engineering challenges. The rapidly changing demographics and learning preferences of today’s studentsnecessitate the implementation of innovative tools to enhance engagement and motivation. Incontrast to previous generations, modern students are digital natives who commonly performwell in interactive and experiential learning environments. Traditional teaching approaches,which primarily focus on passive knowledge transfer, fall short of addressing their needs. Tobridge this gap, it is

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Division (ETD) Technical Session 9

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Murat Kuzlu, Old Dominion University; Vukica M. Jovanovic, Old Dominion University; Otilia Popescu, Old Dominion University; Salih Sarp, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology Division (ETD)

amounts of data in real-time.Microcontrollers provide a practical solution for computational performance with low powerconsumption [12]. The computer that is discussed in this paper is a development boarddeveloped by a group of engineers in Italy called Arduino, which is like that of a microcontroller,but contains much more features to make it beginner friendly. As stated by their designers,Arduino designs manufactures, and supports electronic devices and software, allowing peopleworldwide to easily access advanced technologies that interact with the physical world. TheArduino is a programmable board that consists of a microcontroller, as discussed previously,along with analog and digital inputs and outputs (I/O) [13]. An example Arduino board is

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Sudhir Mehta

improves important skills such as analyzing and solving open -ended, real-world problems; finding, evaluating, and using appropriate learning resources;working cooperatively in teams; and communicating effectively, verbally and in writing. Ourstudy, like many other studies, also indicates that there was no gain in students’ performance onstandard tests and exams, and more research is needed. However, it is important to note thatstudents’ performance on the standard tests and exams did not decline either. Based on theabove results, we are planning to increase the number of PBL exercises in the measurementscourse with the support from the NSF and industry.IntroductionThe Boyer Commission’s report from the Carnegie Foundation, “Reinventing

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sagit Betser, University of California, Davis; Lee Michael Martin, University of California, Davis; Rebecca Ambrose Ph.D., University of California-Davis

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

to women in Nepal.During Tij, women, who have left their community to join their husband's families, return totheir home villages. During the Tij festival they perform stories about their lives and speakopenly about the oppression that they experience voicing thoughts and feelings that they repressfor the rest of the year. In this space of authoring they talk through an alternate view of theirworld and imagine a different position for themselves in the social order. The festival is seen as aplay world as it takes place outside the ‘real world’ and as such allows this different way ofbeing. Play worlds allow participants to imagine and practice new discourses, new ways ofacting, interacting with artifacts, in a freer/looser environment that

Collection

2023 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Yuva M. Tammineni; Talha Khan; Rajeev Nair; Yimesker Yihun

benefit from an entrepreneurial mindset by being encouraged to thinkoutside the box and acquire a propensity toward action. Bridging the gap between the classroomand the workplace with real-world applications, projects, and partnerships with businesses, andpromoting teamwork and interdisciplinary collaboration to model the kind of multidisciplinarywork that is common in real-world engineering projects is the key to their overall success.Collaboration with business leaders that includes linking up with established businesses to exposestudents to real-world engineering challenges and career options is another vital part for thestudents’ continued success.Instructors of engineering courses could incorporate an entrepreneurial spirit into their

Conference Session

K-12 Engineering Resources: Best Practices in Curriculum Design, Part 1 of 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Smitesh Bakrania, Rowan University; Krishan Kumar Bhatia, Rowan University; Kauser Jahan, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

notable efforts to align hands-on activities withthe state standards, these often lack the accessibility to the teachers and at times are challengingto implement.5-13 One of the strongest candidates is TeachEngineering.org, which began as anNSF-funded project in 2003 to develop a web-resource for teachers to incorporate hands-onactivities to teach engineering.14 TeachEngineering possess a wealth of resources (with over 1000activities) that is continuously growing with support from engineering educators and teachers.14Yet our initial teacher survey indicates the teachers fail to incorporate such activities. At the sametime, providing some historical context and applications of the concept in real world can furtherengage the students. Considering

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Techniques

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Tadeusz Majewski; Hector Cervantes; K. V. Sudhakar

methodologies for learning fracture mechanics. Aproposed syllabus on fracture mechanics is presented. The basic objective of teaching is directedin the following areas of fracture mechanics; basics of fracture mechanics, an ability to relateprinciples of fracture mechanics to real world applications, and case studies on fracturemechanics applications. Teaching tools discussed in this paper include; cooperative learning,competency based curriculum, discussion based model approach, lecture quiz approach, andother related methods. The course objectives, course methodologies and learning objectives forfracture mechanics course are also discussed. The specific experimental procedures for carryingout the fracture toughness tests and related microstructure

Conference Session

Computer Education Innovations II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Carlson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Ryan Smith, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

databases, and spreadsheets11. However, moving to the next level of computer- Page 15.981.3mediated tools (e.g., GIS, CAD/CAM, data mining, and complex computation such as symbolicalgebra programs) proves difficult because of the expense in licensing application packages and –more importantly – the readiness level of the student population. Moreover, real-world digitaltools have complex interfaces and require skills in observation, collection, preparation, andinterpretation beyond reasonable expectations for 6th, 7th or 8th grade students.PRISM has amassed a large collection of non-textual digital resources. Each item is reviewedand indexed to the

Conference Session

Lightning Talk - "Innovating for Impact: Community-Engaged Education, Technology, and Infrastructure for a Sustainable Future

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pierre Rahme, Lebanese American University; George E Nasr, Lebanese American University; Abbas A. Tarhini, Lebanese American University; Michel Elkhoury, Lebanese American University; Evan Fakhoury, Lebanese American University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division (COMMENG)

Improving EmployabilityThe VIP model equips students with practical skills highly valued in the job market, such as teamwork,problem-solving, and technical expertise. Cullers et al. [6] found that students participating in VIPprograms, which combine multidisciplinary research with academic coursework, demonstrated significantimprovements in practical skills and career readiness. These programs offer students an interdisciplinaryexperience that fosters collaboration with professionals and researchers, directly linking academicknowledge to real-world applications. The research indicates that VIP students were not only moreengaged in their studies but also better equipped to transition into careers after graduation. Furthermore,by working on

Conference Session

Using Communication and Writing Techniques to Improve Student Learning

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shannon Ciston, University of California, Berkeley; Sean Poust, University of California-Berkeley

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

topics. This will complement the assignments for resumes, cover letters, andlay audience presentations that already provide a “real-world” application of the students’ work.This methodology can be applied to other stand-alone technical communications courses inengineering, to provide meaningful context and motivation.Communications Training for EngineersThe ability to communicate effectively is a critical skill for engineers. Strong communicationskills are necessary for high-functioning engineering teams, successful projects, promotiveworkplace interactions, and career advancement. Engineering practitioners, educators, andstudents recognize communication as one of the key skills for engineering work, with over 60%of engineering seniors surveyed

Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division Poster Session: Works in Progress

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Clemente Izurieta, Montana State University; Michael Trenk, Montana State University; MacKenzie O'Bleness, Montana State University; Sharlyn Gunderson-Izurieta, Montana State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

strategies program in the Computer Science Department by providing aunique approach to outreach. The goal of demand generation strategies is to promote andincrease enrollment in computing-related career fields at higher education institutions inMontana. Although this is a work in progress, the outcomes of the Software Factory approach asit relates to K-12 students are demonstrable and have surpassed expectations. The high schoolstudents were excited about programming in the context of a real world setting, presented andwere the subject of a Q&A session at a graduate level seminar, produced a working prototype ofan Android application, and one of the participating students is now enrolled in computer scienceat Montana State University. The

Conference Session

Technical Session 3: The Best of Computers in Education

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyle Johnsen, University of Georgia; Siddharth Savadatti, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

the application ofconcepts to real world problems.To define and deliver the CBL activity, we partnered with a local company (IS3D, LLC [10])that specialized in CBL for bioscience classrooms. Their approach had already been validatedand commercialized for secondary-school education and involved the extensive use of interactive3D virtual reality environments to depict and explore real-life cases that were carefullyconstructed to align with standards-based science curricula. Adapting this CBL implementationto engineering topics showed promise, as virtual environments could represent the complexity ofengineering environments authentically and could furthermore benefit from the precise nature ofthe built environment, exploiting simulations based

Conference Session

Design and Manufacturing Experiences II

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

David Richie; Timothy Lawrence; Jerry Sellers; Kenneth Siegenthaler

deployment.Despite repeated attempts to recover the spacecraft by the cadet-faculty operations team,the mission was declared a loss after only one month [3].Although it was considered a technical failure, FS-1 represented an academic success forthe program because cadets participated from “cradle to grave” in a real-world missionwith an all too real-world outcome. Cadets designed and built FS-1’s payload andsubsystems, which were integral in the mission operations from devising operations plansto participating in the launch campaign. Cadets also manned the Academy’s groundstation during overhead passes of a satellite not operating under normal conditions.Cadets involved with trouble-shooting the anomalies soon after deployment certainlygained deep insight

Conference Session

Assessing the Efficacy of Non-traditional Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne Pferdehirt, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Jeffrey Russell, University of Wisconsin - Madison; John Nelson, U. of Wisconsin-Madison; Amy Shenot, U. of Wisconsin-Madison

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

Page 13.357.8Instructional design of all MEPP courses emphasizes problem-based learning, collaboration andauthentic real-world applications. Problem-based learning accomplishes learning throughpractical design challenges, case studies and design projects. Students see the value of theirlearning, stay engaged and motivated, and experience a high degree of learning transfer [12].Technical Project Management's (TPM) general structure includes a weekly topic-focusedlesson, complemented with a semester-long team project. The weekly topics and team projecthelp to focus efforts on key learning objectives. Substantial flexibility remains, however, forindividual students and the whole class to influence the depth and breadth of learning throughstudents

Conference Session

Design Across the Curriculum

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aruna Shekar, Massey University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

a betterunderstanding of how engineering principles relate to real-world problem solving.Criteria for project selection in PBLThe key design and professional practice concepts are learnt over time and evolve with everyopportunity for applied learning through projects. The projects are first designed and selectedbased on the learning outcomes desired at each level. The projects must allow for open-endedproblem solving and application of theory. The most important criterion is that the problemshould allow for multiple solutions. A design problem usually has many solutions, andstudents learn to evaluate these solutions and select the most appropriate one for the situation.The projects should give students the freedom to explore the context

Conference Session

DSAI Technical Session 5: Educational Technology and Innovative Tools

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Handan Liu, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DSAI) Constituent Committee

, equippingthem for real-world HPC applications.Part 3: Parallel Data Processing and Machine Learning on Multi-CPU ArchitecturesParallel data processing and machine learning on multi-CPU architectures leverage the ability todivide tasks across multiple CPUs to improve efficiency and performance. In parallel dataprocessing, large datasets are split into smaller chunks, which are processed simultaneously bymultiple CPUs. This reduces computation time and is particularly useful for data-intensive taskssuch as filtering, aggregation, and transformation. Frameworks like Multiprocessing, Spark andDask enable efficient parallelism by managing task scheduling, memory, and inter-CPUcommunication.In machine learning, multi-CPU architectures facilitate faster

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Danny Bee

today’s globalmarketplace, manufacturers wishing to remain competitive must employ pragmatic engineerswith a solid foundation in the engineering sciences, engineering practice, and industrialapplications. Stout’s newly accredited undergraduate manufacturing engineering programdevelops these pragmatic engineers in an environment rich in applications and engineeringscience. In addition to the extensive lab-based methods, real undergraduate industrial projectsare funneled to the program through an outstanding technology transfer outreach program. Thispaper presents the past and present environment that has created this back to the futuremanufacturing engineering program. Both the methods in which the laboratory based learningenvironment is utilized

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Gary P. Langenfeld; David Wells

current reality is that industry perceives a shortfall in the undergraduate preparation ofengineers. The recent landmark study by the Society of Manufacturing Engineers collected datafrom dozens of engineering managers in six major industries. The vast majority believed thatfreshly graduated engineers were not well-prepared for “... real world engineering applications”.Gaps in competencies were identified in a very wide array of topical areas. These coalesced intofive general groupings: skills in communications and teamwork; abilities to apply statisticalthinking and scientific first-principles to specific real engineering problems; deep and detailedunderstanding of the principles, processes and tools of modern manufacturing; appreciation

Conference Session

Engineering Design Graphics Division (EDGD) Technical Session 2

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erik Schettig, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Aaron C. Clark, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Daniel P. Kelly, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Jeremy V Ernst, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics Division (EDGD)

andprofessional growth.Evidence from Engineering Design Graphics Courses Engineering graphic courses offer early exposure to critical skills that contribute tolong-term success in engineering and technology by supporting student spatial visualizationdevelopment in addition to hands-on experience with engineering-related tools [2]. AnNSF-funded study on active learning in Engineering Design Graphics highlights the positiveimpact of incorporating a supplemental curriculum with an environment that utilizes elements ofstudent-centered learning. A curriculum focused on real-world applications saw improvements instudent engagement, self-efficacy, mental rotation skills, and academic performance [9]. Thesefindings underscore the value of intentional

Conference Session

Electrical Engineering Technology Curriculum

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nasser Alaraje, Michigan Technological University; Joanne DeGroat, Ohio State University; Aurenice Oliveira

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, GPIO, UART, Software debugging, building a system in the SPARTAN device.The course will enable students to gain real-world experience and contribute to FPGA basedresearch project.6 ConclusionWith the demand of skilled FPGA designers on the rise, the objectives of this paper was to present“Topics in Programmable Logic” course, which will be a new addition to the electrical engineeringtechnology program at School of Technology. The course offers students a real-world experiencein FPGA based logic design. This will create a pool of informed electrical engineeringtechnologists from which industry can draw their potential staff. This common pool of studentswill be given the opportunity to conduct research in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA