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Displaying results 24451 - 24480 of 33828 in total
Conference Session
Curricular Issues in Computer-Oriented Programs
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Shuju Wu, Southeast Missouri State University; Ragu Athinarayanan, Southeast Missouri State University; Xiaobing Hou, Southeast Missouri State University; Sophia Scott, Southeast Missouri State University
Tagged Divisions
Information Systems
video traffic. Our goal for the lab is to allowstudents to see an integrated telecommunication system, rather than many isolated parts. Thehands-on experiences obtained through such a complete system will also enhance the theoryknowledge from our integrated curriculum, no matter what topic they are learning.The paper is organized as follows. We first introduce the current TCN curriculum and laboratoryapproach. Then, we will present the integrated advanced TCN laboratory that is underdevelopment, as well as, how to assess the outcome of such an approach. Finally, we concludethe paper and address the future work.The TCN Curriculum Page
Conference Session
Projects & Laboratories in Mechanical ET
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Razwaan Arif, Farmingdale State College; Han Chu, Farmingdale, SUNY; Yeong Ryu, State University of New York, Farmingdale; Adam Filios, Farmingdale, SUNY; Hazem Tawfik, Farmingdale State College; Kamal Shahrabi, Kean College of New Jersey
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
humidification system under load can be as low as fewminutes.Having a system that monitors moisture content of inlet and outlet gasses with a controlledfeedback loop reduces the heat stress associated with turning a fuel cell on rapidly at maximumpower. The feedback system also allows the fuel cell stack to reach stable operation faster.At system turn on the controller assesses ambient start up conditions by first accruingtemperature data. Next the Hydrogen gas and air have to be turned on. When the gases havebegun to flow, their humidity content information is acquired. In a control system setupadjustments can be made during turn on to protect the membranes from potentially extremeconditions. Once the fuel cell has gas flow, there will be output power
Conference Session
Trends in Construction Engineering Education I
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Gabriel Alungbe, Morehead State University; Xiaolong Li, Morehead State University; Jason Stepp, Morehead State University; Ahmad Zargari, Morehead State University
Tagged Divisions
Construction
advancement opportunities ofindividuals within their current organization as well as the construction industry. It is a standardby which those within an organization can assess themselves. Economic opportunities as well asopportunity for advancement may be increased as a result of completing any of a number ofprofessional certifications.Certification benefits not only the certified professional but all parties involved in theconstruction industry, including society. It provides an internally recognized certification ofskills and level of professional knowledge. It also offers employers a way to analyze individualstrengths and weaknesses as determined by the certification process. Enhancement of theprofessionalism to the public, client, and employer
Conference Session
Mentoring & Development:Creating Successful NEEs
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
B. Elizabeth Jones, Tarleton State University; Denise Martinez, Tarleton State University
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators
exchange of ideas on classroom experiencessuch as dealing with difficult students, learning, assessment, syllabi, and the use of technology.Several of the new faculty were from the College of Education and were able to offerpedagogical advice to other faculty who had no formal training in education. It is frequentlyoverlooked by the university that having a terminal degree in a particular field may makesomeone an expert in that field; it does not necessarily make for a good educator in that field.The faculty members from the College of Education were instrumental in encouraging the othernew faculty to explore various pedagogies and to find one that was right for each instructor/class
Collection
2021 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Meeting
Authors
Rafic Bachnak P.E., Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, The Capital College
Program),” Presented at 2021 CoNECD, Virtual, https://www.jee.org/36058.[6] Shekoyan, V., & Dehipawala, S., & Kokkinos, D. S., & Taibu, R., & Tremberger, G., & Cheung, T. (2020, November), “Assessment of Experiential Learning in Online Introductory Physics Labs during COVID-19,” Presented at 2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting, Virtual (hosted by Stevens Institute of Technology). https://strategy.asee.org/36041.[7] Lieber, S. C., & Borgaonkar, A. D. (2020, November), “Focusing on the Silver Lining: How COVID- 19 Pandemic is Influencing the Pedagogy of Mechatronic Course Delivery to Support the Industrial Role of a Mechanical Engineering Technologist,” Presented at 2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic
Collection
2003 GSW
Authors
Chu–Chen Chen; Chun Ling Huang
, Ventilating, and AirConditioning (HVAC) courses required for engineers. The Mechanical EngineeringDepartments assessed in the survey were in the state of Alabama, Arkansas, and Louisiana. Dueto the small number of graduate seniors, most Mechanical Engineering Departments are unableto offer the HVAC related courses. Proceedings of the 2003 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference The University of Texas at Arlington Copyright @ 2003, American Society for Engineering EducationNationally, building energy training is currently only extended at universities experiencing alarge number of students enrolled in the mechanical engineering program. Besides the limitednumber
Collection
2003 GSW
Authors
James M. Gregory; Akanni Lawal; John Rivera; Lloyd Heinze; Gary Harris; Donald Bagert
now packaged at a website, E—COACH (College Optimal Advisor and Career Helper) that can be used to provide just-in-timeinformation and assessment to help students succeed in college.1 E—COACH can be accessedfrom the College of Engineering web page at www.coe.ttu.edu. Students can use this site forassessment and feedback of information in selecting a major, determining type of leadershipstrength, learning how to learn including study and time management, and sleep management.E—COACH also provides access to QUICK Advisor, which includes online scheduling andregistering for classes. While all students at Texas Tech University have access to these tools,we monitor the gpa of NSF scholars (our small test group to determine who the processes will
Collection
2003 GSW
Authors
Akanni Lawal; James M. Gregory; Lloyd Heinze
20 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Year Figure 1. Growth in number of students and course offerings over time.Another development that has helped the course occurred in 2000. James Gregory, working withcomputer science students in a software engineering class, produced a website that allowedpeople to quickly analyze their career interests and learning styles (www.coe.ttu.edu). Thepurpose of the tool was to help students to assess their personal interest and associate it withmajors in college. The process developed by Gregory is closely related to the Myers BriggsType
Collection
2008 GSW
Authors
Farrokh Attarzadeh; Enrique Barbieri; Ankur Shukla; Prafulla Kesari
the various components of the course such asweekly progress reports, homework, exams, proposal reports, final project reports, andmaintenance of the course website. Several survey instruments are used to assess manyaspects of the student performance in the team and as individuals. All TAs are trained toquickly tally the results of the surveys and the results that are used to better guide theproject teams and improve the management of the course. The TAs are also participatingand assisting promising project members to publish their project results in scholarlyjournals and filing for patents through the office of Intellectual Property Management atthe UH. The paper concludes by outlining short term and long term goals for theimprovements of TAs
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary and Capstone Experiences in Manufacturing Education
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James Ejiwale, Jackson State University
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
Bioinformatics/ GenomicsEnvironmental Science and Bio-Phyto Remediation, EnvironmentalEngineering – This cluster conduct Toxicology/ Envionrmental Chemistry,research on today’s environmental Environmental Impact Assessment,problems and appropriately Environmental/Atmosphericdisseminating research findings. Science/Observations, Industrial Waste Management/ Landfill Technology, Biomass/ Alternative Fuel/Renewable Energy, and Environmental GenomicsNanoscale Sciences and Technology Computational Nanoscience,This cluster investigates interactions Nanofabrication, visualization modeling,between noble metal
Conference Session
Developing New Instrumentation
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Liping Guo, Northern Illinois University; Recayi 'Reg' Pecen
Tagged Divisions
Instrumentation
class to explain the details of the project. The written reports and oralpresentations are used to assess knowledge and skills acquired and utilized for theproject.Examples of Design ProjectsExample 1: Monitoring and Control of filling a tankThe PLC program simulates a process tank being filled with a fluid. The tank will startfilling (via a valve) whenever the start process button is enabled and the tank is below50% full. It will shut off when the tank is 100% full. In case the level sensor is out ofcalibration or not working properly, there is a high-level safety limit to prevent the tankfrom overfilling. If the high limit is met at a preset value of 102% full the process willshut down and a strobe light will turn on. Indicator lights are
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Design Constituents
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Karthikeyan Ramamurthy, Arizona State University; Andreas Spanias, Arizona State University; Linda Hinnov, Johns Hopkins University; James Ogg, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
FIE 2003, pp. T3E-19- T3E-22 Vol.1, Denver, Nov. 2003.4. Thrasyvoulou T., Tsakalis K. and Spanias, A., “J-DSP-C, A Control Systems Simulation Environmentfor Distance Learning: Labs and Assessment”, 33rd ASEE/IEEE FIE Conference, Boulder, 2003.5. Zaman, M., Papandreou-Suppappola, A. and Spanias, A., “Advanced concepts in time-frequency signalprocessing made simple”, 33rd ASEE/IEEE FIE Conference, Boulder, 2003.6. Ko, Y., Duman, T., and Spanias, A., “J-DSP for communications”, 33rd ASEE/IEEE FIE Conference,Boulder, 2003.7. Imbrie, J., Hays, J.D., Martinson, D.G., McIntyre, A., Mix, A.C., Morley, J.J., Pisias, N.G., Prell, W.L.,and Shackleton, N.J., “The orbital theory of Pleistocene climate: support from a revised chronology of themarine δ18O
Conference Session
FPD10 - Freshman Engineering Introduction to Design
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Silas Bernardoni, University of Wisconsin- Madison; Amit Nimunkar, University of Wisconsin - Madison; John Murphy, University of Wisconsin- Madison; Sandra Courter, University of Wisconsin - Madison
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
commonly used machines, and taught the students general safety rules andprotocol to be followed in the machine shop. The Specialized Training consisted of seminarsand workshops on topics that the students could apply to their design projects. The topicsselected for the fall 2007 semester were 3D Computer Modeling, Welding andElectrical/Electronics Instrumentation. This Supplemental Training/Curriculum wasimplemented throughout the design phases as shown in Figure 1. Throughout the semester weperformed assessments of these training sessions in the form of student surveys and participation.Based on the data collected and the student responses we think that the SupplementalTraining/Curriculum enhanced student learning and performance. We plan to
Conference Session
Distance Learning in ET
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Vernon Lewis, Old Dominion University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
. All students submit the equivalent of a lab report, theform of which is only constrained by the requirement to present an organized collectionof field notes, data reduction and a summary of results.Achievement of Course ObjectivesAssessing the achievement of course objectives requires an assessment of the studentsexperience level. The students in this course range from neophytes with zero experiencewith surveying or engineering to individuals with years of field crew or back-officeknowledge. For the neophyte, the mentoring process can yield a better result than thegroup field lab. Students get individual attention and frequently able to participate in on-the-job activities. Students often comment on ‘how much they learned’ by spending aday on
Conference Session
Women in Engineering Division Poster Session
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Brenda Hart, University of Louisville; Veronica Hinton-Hudson, University of Louisville
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
Engineering 9:45 – 10AM Admissions process, financial aid, course selection 10:00 – 10:10 Break 10:10 – 11AM Student panel (composed of engineering students) 11:00 – 11:50 Panel of female engineers 11:50 – 12:20PM Lunch (Panel discussants are invited to join the young ladies) 12:30 – 2:10PM Demonstrations in engineering labs (choice of 3 departments) 2:10 – 2:25PM Wrap up and program assessment 2:25 – 3PM Campus tour (optional) Page 13.500.8Table 2. Program Estimated Costs Item Cost Continental breakfast ($4.50 per person) $135 Box lunches ($8
Conference Session
Embedded Computing
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jeffrey Richardson, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
. Page 13.574.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Evaluating Development Boards for Laboratory Based Embedded Microcontroller Courses: A Formal Evaluation MatrixAbstract:With all the different development board options available for laboratory basedembedded microcontroller courses, how do you know that you have selected the bestoption? As part of the effort to improve the curriculum in the Electrical and ComputerEngineering Department at Purdue University, several different development boards wereevaluated. To assist in this process and make the “best” choice, a formal evaluationmatrix was developed to assess the various attributes of each option. The evaluationmatrix and rationale for the criteria are explained in
Conference Session
Innovative K-12 Engineering Programs
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kelly Hutchinson, Purdue University; Lynn Bryan, Purdue University; George Bodner, Purdue University; Nicholas Giordano, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
Conference Session
Women in Engineering Division Poster Session
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Bevlee Watford, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Catherine Didion, Association for Women in Science; Patricia Paddock, NYC Department of Education; Suzanne Jenniches, Northrop Grumman; Annette Gildea, Gildea Media Group; Katie Gramling, Diamax; Greta Zornes, Tulane University
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
for engineering?” Students are asked to think about how muchenergy influences their life every day.In 2007, the essay asked students to think about engineering’s grand challenges. They wereasked to think about what life would be like on earth in the next 100 years and what theybelieved would be the most critical human needs. These essays have been enormouslysuccessful with over 100 submissions in 2007. The essays are evaluated by the EngineerGirl!Website Advisory Committee and winners are selected in each of the following age/gradegroups: Ages 8-11 - 3rd grade to 5th grade Ages 12-14 - 6th grade to 8th grade Ages 15-18 - 9th grade to 12th gradeWebsite EvaluationThe NAE regularly assesses the effectiveness of the EngineerGirl
Conference Session
ASCE Policy 465: Raising the Bar
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jon Nelson, American Society of Civil Engineers; David Hornbeck, Southern Polytechnic State University; James Lambrechts, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Joe Manous, United States Army Corps of Engineers; Robert Stevens, Arcadis U.S., Inc; Leo Titus, ECS, Ltd; Jeffrey Russell
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
., M.ASCE is a consultant and Adjunct Accreditation Director for Technology for ABET, Inc. In 25 years of association with ABET, he has participated in 25 accreditation visits and has served as Program Evaluator, Commissioner, Commission Chair, Chair of the ABET Accreditation Council, and ABET delegate to the Sydney and Dublin Accords. He has been a facilitator/presenter for U.S. and international workshops on program assessment, improvement, and accreditation. Dr. Hornbeck was a Department Chair of Civil Engineering Technology at West Virginia Institute of Technology, and at Southern Polytechnic State University, he was a faculty member, Department Chair, and Interim Vice President for
Conference Session
Innovation in Laboratory Studies and Outreach Programs
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John Gumaer, Central Washington University
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
such as course grades, student evaluations, written comments, and anecdotalevidence. This course was offered from 2001 to 2004. The 2004 offering used the PICKit1development kit. Course grade information and evaluation data are summarized in Table 3.Table 3. Student Assessment and FeedbackMetric 2001 2002 2003 2004Average Final Grade 82% (B-) 80% (B-) 83% (B-) 88% (B+)Average Course Evaluation Score 87.4% 87.0% 84.6% 85.6%Course Evaluation Written CommentsLab Availability Negative Comments 12.5% 13.3% 28.6% 0.0%Lab Availability Positive Comments 0.0% 0.0
Conference Session
Distance and Web-Based Learning in Engineering Technology: Part I
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
B. Sridhara, Middle Tennessee State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
Melinda Hess, “Assessing Teaching Methods for a Corse in Numerical Methods.” Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Chicago, June 2006. 8. Fidan, et al, “Innovative Delivery of MIT4450--Rapid Prototyping course.” Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Pittsburg, PA, June 2008. 9. Bury, et al, “Implementation of a Web-Based Curriculum in Architectural Engineering Technology,” Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Portland, Oregon, June 2005. 10. Abi Aghayere, “A Web-based Distance-Learning Course in Structural Analysis,” Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, Nashville, Tennessee, June 2003
Conference Session
Student Attitudes and Perceptions
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Holly Matusovich, Virginia Tech; Ruth Streveler, Purdue University; Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Barbara Olds, Colorado School of Mines
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
Directorate. During the 2006-2007 academic year, Barbara was a part-time visiting professor in Purdue University’s Engineering Education Department. Her research interests focus primarily on understanding and assessing engineering student learning, including recent work developing concept inventories for engineering topics with colleagues from CSM and Purdue. She has participated in a number of curriculum innovation projects and has been active in the engineering education and assessment communities. Barbara is a Fellow of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), currently serving as the Chair of the International Advisory Committee of ASEE. She is also a member of the Advisory
Conference Session
Signal Processing Education
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Thad Welch, Boise State University; Cameron Wright, University of Wyoming; Michael Morrow, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
interests include signal and image processing, real-time embedded computer systems, biomedical instrumentation, and engineering education. He is a member of ASEE, IEEE, SPIE, NSPE, Tau Beta Pi, and Eta Kappa Nu. E-mail: c.h.g.wright@ieee.orgMichael Morrow, University of Wisconsin, Madison Michael G. Morrow, MEngEE, P.E., is a Faculty Associate in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI. His research interests include real-time digital systems, embedded system design, software engineering, curriculum design, and educational assessment techniques. He is a member of ASEE and IEEE. E-mail: morrow@ieee.org
Conference Session
E-Learning in Chemical Engineering
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Christi Patton Luks, University of Tulsa
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
of each quiz. All quizzeswere set up so that they could be graded automatically. The assignments were submitted throughVista. Students occasionally had hand-written papers to turn in. A scanner was available fortheir use in one of the student computer labs. Assignments were graded by the professor. Sinceit was possible that students could have had a proxy do the online work for them, the studentswere held individually accountable with an in-class midterm exam and in-class final exam overthe electronic material.Student ReactionsThe comment section of university course assessments indicated that students were very positiveabout the new format of the course. Since they still had class time with the instructor, they didnot feel anonymous. It was
Conference Session
Learning as a Community
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Janet Meyer, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Patrick Gee, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis; Laura Masterson, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
quality of contact with faculty, staff, and otherstudents have repeatedly been shown to be independent predictors of student persistence” (p.5)14.The establishment of a LC also acknowledged the importance of structured classroomengagement as a contributor toward student retention. This important shift also admittedrealistically that many times a classroom is the only place on campus where students can beengaged 16. At a campus like ours, where many students commute to school, in addition to Page 14.747.3having work and family commitments, the academic classroom is the one guaranteed prolongedcontact point with students.Campus assessment has shown
Conference Session
Tablet and Portable PCs for Education
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ricky Castles, Virginia Tech; Eric Scott, Virginia Tech; Jenny Lo, Virginia Tech; Vinod Lohani, Virginia Tech
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
engineering issues, use of electronicportfolio (e-portfolio) for instruction, and a mechatronics initiativedesigned to introduce multi-disciplinary engineering concepts to engineering freshmen. In the 2006-07 academic year, TabletPC-based instruction was introduced in this course. In Fall 2007, DyKnow, a classroominteraction software package, was implemented to develop a participatory learning environmentin EngE1024. A number of assessment (formative and summative) activities are beingimplemented in EngE1024 as part of the DLR project to evaluate the learning experiences offreshmen. Typically, about 1700 freshmen take this course every year with about 1400 in the Fallsemester. In the Fall semester, the EngE1024 teaching team typically involves five
Conference Session
Special Session: Findings from the Academic Pathways Study of Engineering Undergraduates 2003-2008--Overview and Panel Discussion
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cynthia Atman, University of Washington; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Lorraine Fleming, Howard University; Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Karl Smith, Purdue University; Reed Stevens, University of Washington; Ruth Streveler, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
Foundation, the U.S. Department of Education FIPSE program, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Colorado Commission on Higher Education and has published widely in the areas of engineering education assessment, pedagogy, and curricular design. He has won the Helen Plants award for best non-traditional session at the FIE conference (1995, 2006), the William H. Corcoran Award (best paper in Chemical Engineering Education, 1999), and the William Elgin Wickenden Award from the American Society for Engineering Education for best paper published in the Journal of Engineering Education (2005
Conference Session
High-School Engineering Education
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mitchell Nathan, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Kyle Oliver, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Amy Prevost, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Natalie Tran, California State University, Bakersfield; Allen Phelps, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
content standards than are addressedby the academic math courses taken by the students in the same district. Subsequent analyses ofthe PLTW core curricula, as well as teacher training materials and course assessments, showlimited occasions where the mathematics concepts that do arise are explicitly integrated with theengineering activities intended for each lesson27. PLTW courses do a much better job addressingprocess standards, particularly problem solving and uses of representations.In another curriculum analysis, Welty and colleagues25 took a broader view, though obtained lessdetail about any one program. They analyzed twenty-two pre-K-12 pre-engineering curricula,including nine high school programs. The analysis explored the mission and goals
Conference Session
Curricular Issues in Computer-Oriented Programs
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Afsaneh Minaie, Utah Valley University; Reza Sanati-Mehrizy, Utah Valley University
Tagged Divisions
Information Systems
undergraduate experience and the benefits fromthis experience should include: ≠ “Demonstration of the ability to integrate concepts from several different subjects into a solution. ≠ Demonstration of the application of disciplines associated with computer engineering ≠ Production of a well-written document detailing the design and the design experience ≠ Demonstration of creativity and innovation Page 14.527.2 ≠ Development of time management and planning skills ≠ Self-awareness opportunities provided by an assessment of achievement as part of a final report”3Capstone design courses have long been a standard
Collection
1996 Annual Conference
Authors
David Gordon Wilson
creative and hardworking graduatestudents and by a large number of equally creative undergraduates working on UROP (Undergraduate ResearchOpportunities Program). The author acknowledges his debt to all.REFERENCES[l]Wilson, David Gordon and Ernesto E. Blanco (1991 ) “EDICS: a multimedia tutor for engineering design”;MECHANICAL ENGINEERING vol. 113 no. 10, ASME, NY, NY.[2]Crismond, David P. and David Gordon Wilson (1992) “Designing an evaluation of an interactive multimediaprogram: assessing MIT’s EDICS”, Frontiers in Education Conference, Nashville, TN.BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATIONDAVID GORDON WILSON received his formal education in Britain. He came to MIT and Harvard on a post-doctoral Commonwealth Fund fellowship 1955-57. Subsequently he returned to