Conference Session

Topics in Engineering Ethics IV

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Leiffer, LeTourneau University; R. William Graff; B.Kyun Lee, Le Tourneau University; Martin Batts, Le Tourneau University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

the rapidgrowth of information concerning a diverse array of environmental threats, includingoverpopulation and its relation to poverty and famine, the depletion of non-renewable resources,and the harmful effects to human and nonhuman welfare caused by chemical pollutants. Theresult was the birth of modern environmentalism, a socio-political movement predicated on thebelief that current attitudes and practices toward the environment are at best imprudent, and atworst, gravely immoral, to other human beings and perhaps to nature itself. ‘Environmentalphilosophy’ as an academic discipline arose in the early 1970s in response to a perceived needfor intellectual support and defence of the ethical and political commitments ofenvironmentalism.” 5

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ciprian Popoviciu, East Carolina University; Philip J. Lunsford II, East Carolina University; John Pickard, East Carolina University; Colby Lee Sawyer, East Carolina University; Jarvis Woodburn; Zachary Ryan Zynda, East Carolina University; Dale Drummond, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

, Service performance, Cisco WebEx Board, Raspberry PI, SaaS,Monitoring.Neither the entire paper nor any part of its content has been published or has beenaccepted for publication elsewhere. It has not been submitted to any other journal.1. IntroductionDistance Education is made possible by real time collaboration and interaction which in turn are enabledby a set of ever improving set of technologies and services. This evolution and these improvementsprovide the tools for delivering a very rich and effective learning experience regardless of thegeographical location of either students or expert instructors. Distance Education and DistanceCollaboration are particularly impactful in communities lacking the resources to provide access to

Conference Session

Institutional Change

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Secules, University of Georgia; James John Bale Jr., University of Georgia ; Nicola W. Sochacka, University of Georgia; Joachim Walther, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

by guidingtheories. In so doing, we hope to provide greater insight into one approach, show contrasts withother approaches, and suggest a parallel theoretical clarification as a generative activity for otherefforts at institutional change.IntroductionWhat is the role of theory in of engineering education research and practice? What is the theoryof change that underpins the discipline itself? As a relatively new field of study, the answers tothese questions are still very much in flux (Jesiek, Newswander, & Borrego, 2009).Early proponents of the discipline argued that published descriptions of ad hoc improvements toteaching and learning in engineering were lacking in rigor, which limited both their validity andtransferability to other

Conference Session

Materials Division Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter R Hondred, Iowa State University; Denise Crawford, Iowa State University; Debbie Ann Victor, Des Moines Independent Schools; Michael R. Kessler, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

, including the use of biopolymers in material self-healing applications. Several activities weredesigned to provide students with opportunities to learn about the field of polymer science. Theseactivities were related to and ultimately aligned with the science topics covered in the curriculum andprovided relevance to real world issues and challenges. This study focused on the impact this fellow hashad as a resident engineer on the students in his classroom.Research questionsIn this case study, researchers were interested in the effects of a resident engineer on eighth gradestudents’ enthusiasm and interest in science topics both in and out of the classroom. Specifically, thisstudy asks whether the resident engineer improved the interest of students

Conference Session

Innovative Graduate Programs & Methods

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Suzanne Brainard; Sheila Edwards Lange; Elizabeth Litzler

focused on both documenting differences in departmental climate forfemale faculty and graduate students, and discerning how those differences influence therecruitment, retention and advancement of women in STEM. Barber hypothesized that theclimate for women in STEM at the doctoral level leads them to change their minds about careers Page 10.308.2in STEM[21]. In other words, there is something that happens during the doctoral course of “Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright ©2005, American Society for Engineering Education”training that

Conference Session

Research Methods II: Meeting the Challenges of Engineering Education Research

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Natascha Trellinger Buswell, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Andrea Mazzurco, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

evidence suggests that practicing engineers are increasingly expected to actas boundary spanners who can participate in and manage diverse local and global teams,translate competing stakeholder demands into effective design solutions, and leverage expertknowledge from multiple fields and specialties. The larger project represented by this paperresponds to this reality by proposing boundary spanning as a core meta-attribute for engineeringstudents and early career professionals. This paper more specifically offers a detailed descriptionof the study design for a major phase of this research project that involves conducting in-depth,semi-structured interviews about boundary spanning experiences with more than two dozen earlycareer engineers in the

Conference Session

Academic Success and Retention

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Danika M. Dorris, North Carolina State University; Julie L. Swann, North Carolina State University; Julie Ivy, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

effects on their wellbeing long after they leavecollege. Many of these dropout students are dropping out in the first two years which highlightsthe importance of identifying at-risk students early on. We analyzed data for the 1,754 students inthe 2014 undergraduate engineering cohort at a large public university. Of these 1,754 students,12.6 percent dropped out. Ninety-two factors describe each student’s application information(e.g., SAT), academic metrics, (e.g. course load, GPA), and demographic information (ethnicity,age). Defining characteristics and significant predictors of at-risk students were identified usingthree types of analyses: (i) statistical testing for comparisons, (ii) cluster analysis, and (iii)logistic regression predictions

Conference Session

Undergraduate Retention Activities

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Moshe Hartman; Harriet Hartman

acommon core course required of all students each semester. In this course, “Engineering Clinic”,students work in interdisciplinary teams to complete projects that are often contracted fromactual corporate settings through a partnership with regional sponsors; project results arepresented each semester formally and in professional demeanor. In the junior and senior years,the audience for these reports includes the wider engineering community and corporate sponsors.In addition to the thorough integration of team work and interdisciplinary cooperation into theprogram, a “hands-on, minds-on” approach integrates the subject matter of the more theoreticalcourses with the projects being worked on that semester; a “just-in-time” pedagogy insures thatthe

Conference Session

Difference, Disability, and (De)Politicization: The Invisible Axes of Diversity

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy E. Slaton, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

scientists almost completely failed to consider these powerful culturalnormativities? By extension, what might the methods of Science and Technology (orEngineering) Studies bring to such study? Do receptive audiences for such an inquiry exist?Using the case of a visually impaired undergraduate at a large state university who explicitlyaddressed the discriminatory epistemological suppositions of her lab course instructors, thispaper will describe presumptions made about the student’s abilities; about the nature of learningin STEM fields; and about precision and accuracy in scientific data as functions of some bodiesand not others. Preparatory to a larger study of students with disabilities in laboratory settings,this paper asks, as well, if risks

Conference Session

Technology in Mechanics Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Marie Grau, Stanford Univeristy; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Samantha Ruth Brunhaver, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

they are trying to optimize, e.g. the structural engineer calculates moments and safety factorsto make sure the design is safe, the project manager keeps track of cost and time, and thearchitect makes sure that the end result is aesthetically pleasing to the future inhabitants. It is acomplex game, requiring the students to be trained in their roles beforehand, and takes at leastthree hours to complete. In addition, instructors can make the game more or less challenging bychanging the values of certain constraints such as the cost or by adding complexities like suddenshifts in gravity.We redesigned the Delta Design game for a sophomore-level solid mechanics course. The goalsof this redesign were to emphasize the role of solid mechanics in the

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division (WIED) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahjah Marie Johnson, University of Cincinnati; Samieh Askarian Khanamani, University of Cincinnati; Mark Okoth Onyango, University of Cincinnati; Whitney Gaskins, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering Division (WIED)

postgraduate research studies as a Master of Engineering student. A Critical thinker continuously looking at ways of improving teacher-student engagement processes, I am adept in organizing work flow, creating lesson plans, presenting ideas in a compelling way, interacting with the learners and fellow trainers with a view to improving content delivery across a range of engineering topics in a learner-based and hands-on approach. As such, I maintain professional boundaries while building lasting relationships. My passion for teaching encompasses circuit analysis, electrical machines and digital electronics, courses delivered while working as an assistant lecturer in Kenya at The Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computing and Information Technology Programs II

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vetria L. Byrd Ph.D., Purdue University; Camilo Vieira, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

different types of data visualizationtools, methods and techniques. They learn the seven steps of visualization [26] and gain hands-on experience navigating through the visualization process as they work to visualize project dataand gain more insight into how to effectively represent data.Recruitment and Student Participants All undergraduate students with an interest in visualization, enrolled in a U.S. university andin good academic standing, were encouraged to apply to the REU program. The recruitingstrategy included emailing targeted discipline-specific mailing lists. Examples include: AfricanAmerican PhD’s in Computer Science (AAPHDCS), Hispanic serving mailing lists, andBroadening Participation in Visualization (BPViz) mailing list

Conference Session

ERM: Mental Health and Wellness

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Corin Bowen, California State University, Los Angeles; Lizabeth Thompson, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Gustavo Menezes, California State University, Los Angeles; Christina Nazar, California State University, Los Angeles

, Santa Barbara. She has been at Cal Poly for nearly 30 years and has held various positions on campus including Co-Director of LAES, Director of Women’s Engineering Programs, and CENG Interim Associate Dean. Although she has taught over 25 different courses she current teaches Financial decision making, First year engineering, Senior project, and Change management. Her research is in Engineering Education where she has received $9.8 million of funding from NSF as either PI or Co-PI. She researches equitable classroom practices, integrated learning, and institutional change. She spent the 2019-2020 academic year at Cal State LA where she taught and collaborated on research related to equity and social justice. With her

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 5: COVID-19 Pandemic Lessons and Best Practices

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arianna Cooper, Florida International University; Trina Fletcher, Florida International University

, engineering, and mathematics) as the U.S. serves as an incubator for STEM talent due to the abundance of workforce opportunities present. Therefore, it is important to explore the experiences of undergraduate international STEM students pursuing degrees in the U.S., especially as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a lingering effect within higher education. Our target population has an influential impact on the nation's economy, particularly H1-B visa sponsored jobs at top companies within the technology sector driving a large portion of our growth within the STEM workforce. This work in progress focused on qualitative analysis centered on the experience of undergraduate international STEM students. This

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Senay Purzer; Alison McKay, University of Leeds; Mark Henderson, Arizona State University; Chell Roberts, Arizona State University; Alan de Pennington, University of Leeds

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

on verbal communication and spent most of their time on problem scoping. Visual tools could be one method in supporting effective team communication. Future studies might explore whether the use of drawings support team communication and improve the quality of team design solutions. The senior product design teams spent more time modeling the alternative solutions than did the freshman engineering students.2. In our sample, the freshman engineering teams collected external information for problem definition while the senior product teams tended to rely more on the backgrounds of their team members. The behavior of the freshman teams was more aligned with the behavior of expert designers; however, information from team members

Conference Session

Investigating Alternative-energy Concepts

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Keith Coogler, Sam Houston State University; Dominick Fazarro, Sam Houston State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

wind is predominately available.Sustaining the power requirement for autonomous and portable electronics systems is animportant issue today. In the past, energy storage has improved significantly. However, thisprogress has not been able to keep up with the development of microprocessors, memory storage,and sensor applications. Ambient power sources such as replacement of batteries, come intoconsideration, to minimize the maintenance. Power scavenging may enable electronic devices tobe completely self-sustaining or can make battery maintenance minimized. Researchers haveperformed wide spread studies in alternative energy sources that could provide small amounts ofelectricity to low-power devices. Energy harvesting can be obtained from different

Conference Session

Make It!

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Byron Doyle, Brigham Young University; Colby Goettel, BYU; Lane Broadbent, Brigham Young University; Dale C Rowe, Brigham Young University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

commercial satellite communications systems. He has also advised and trained both national and international governments on cyber-security. Since joining Brigham Young University in 2010, he has designed a variety of courses on information assurance, cybersecurity, penetration testing, cyber forensics, malware analysis and systems administration and published over a dozen papers in cybersecurity. Page 26.1113.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Maker: Call a 3D Locksmith – How 3D Printing can Defeat Physical

Conference Session

Assessment and Impact

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fouad H. Fouad, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Sarah Stephens Bettinger; Virginia Sisiopiku, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Isabel C. Scarinci, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Mona N. Fouad

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

- tive Medicine, and Associated Scientist at UAB’s Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Outcomes and Effectiveness Research and Education, Center for Aging, Sparkman Center for Global Health, and the Minority Health and Research Center (where she also serves as Co-leader of the Training Core). She has had extensive research and clinical experience working with underserved populations. Her primary area of interest is disease prevention among low-income, minority and immigrant women (particularly Latinos and African Americans). The focus of her work is on the application of behavioral science to public health by promoting behavior change at the population level.Dr. Mona N. Fouad

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Outside the Classroom

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Bowler, Michigan Technological University; Susie Amato-Henderson, Michigan Technological University; Tom Drummer, Michigan Technological University; Joseph Holles, Michigan Technological University; Ted Lockhart, Michigan Technological University; Joanna Schreiber, Michigan Technological University; Debra Charlesworth, Michigan Technological University; Jingfang Ren, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

himself or herself as agood judge of outcomes and someone to whom others should defer in questions concerning hisor her area of research. A STEM researcher with a weak sense of authority is more likely todefer to another’s expert judgment, even when it contravenes their own.Responsibility is defined as an individual’s sense of commitment to others as a STEM researcher.This construct is designed to capture a researcher’s awareness of the importance of the effects ofhis or her research on other people. A researcher with a strong sense of responsibility believesthat his or her research must contribute to the welfare of others including those who aredisadvantaged and the general public. On the other hand, at the opposite end of the spectrum

Conference Session

Innovative Ideas for Energy Labs

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Michael Swedish; Glenn T. Wrate P.E.; Frederik Betz; Emily Blakemore; Lee Greguske

zipped up into a single file. The new zip files are then copiedonto a laptop and the files on the server are deleted to create more room for incomingfiles. The zip files are then extracted into a folder. Blaze Media Converter software isused to convert the list of *.jpg files into a *.mpg movie for the particular day.Approximately two weeks worth of *.mpg files are saved to a disk and kept in permanentstorage. These movie files are used for reliability, availability, and maintainabilitystudies, and also to help troubleshoot any data irregularities.One of the main electrical duties is to continue to collect data on the Yokogawa PowerMeter data logger. During the first phase of the demonstration project, two of the threehall-effect current sensors

Conference Session

Lab Experiments in Materials Science

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Glenn Kohne

overall neural network. A logical alternative to thisoutput identification scheme would have been to have the number of output binary digits equal tothe number of different samples. In this scheme, in order to identify a given sample, only oneoutput binary digit equals one while the remainders are at minus one. This would have been thenext course of action if the training and subsequent testing were unsuccessful in correctlyidentifying the samples using a binary encoded version. Additionally, the number of nodes in thehidden or intermediate layer was varied to illustrate the effect of this variable. The final decisionprior to training the neural network was the selection of initial connecting weight values. Allconnecting weights were set to

Conference Session

Balancing Personal and Professional Life

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Rebecca Blust

Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright ã 2002, American Society for Engineering Educationunderstand that spending time at home helps employees be more productive. Thus thesesolutions are becoming more prevalent.III. Critical Elements for Making It WorkAfter making the decision to work, focusing on five key components can make the transition assmooth as possible. These fundamentals include selecting the best possible childcare, cultivatinga supportive family environment, seeking a supportive work environment, getting organized, anddeveloping healthy personal skills.Child Care – Working mothers should not underestimate the importance of having dependablechild care. Many researchers have studied the effects of fulltime

Conference Session

Metrology Laboratories

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Georgia Harris, National Institute of Standards & Technology; Christopher Grachanen, Hewlett Packard Company

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

and training are widely available and ensure a high level of awareness.6. Training Opportunities. Ensure development, implementation, and recognition of real-time (fast-response) metrology training.7. Training Assessment & Certification. Develop and provide an infrastructure for assessment (and certification) of metrology training courses.8. Knowledge Management. Ensure that critical infrastructure needs for ongoing knowledge management are in place and flexible enough to capture and widely disseminate metrology expertise.9. Technology Trend Analysis. Ensure identification of potential education and training needs in support of measurements and standards needed for new technology infrastructures.10. Collaboration. Ensure

Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Student Reflection, Self-Perception, Misconceptions, and Uncertainty

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beau Vezino, University of Arizona

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

Paper ID #17346Engineering Uncertainty: A qualitative study on the way middle school teach-ers incorporate, manage and leverage the uncertainty of engineering designtaskMr. Beau Vezino, University of Arizona Beau R. Vezino is a Ph.D. student at the University of Arizona’s College of Education. His focus is engineering and science education. Beau currently teaches the science/engineering methods course for pre-service teachers and works on several related research projects. Beau is certified teacher and holds a MS in Education in Curriculum and Instruction (2009) and a BS in Mechanical Engineering (2005). Beau’s research

Conference Session

Professional Development and Engineering Ethics Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amir Hedayati Mehdiabadi, University of New Mexico; Chika Winnifred Agha, Colorado State University; Rebecca A Atadero, Colorado State University; Pinar Omur-Ozbek, Colorado State University; Carlotta Duenninger

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics Division (ETHICS)

structural engineering. She conducts research on diversity, equity, inclusion and justice in engineering, and the inspection, management, and repair of existing structures.Dr. Pinar Omur-Ozbek, Colorado State University Dr. Pinar Omur-Ozbek is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at Colorado State University. She received her M.S. and Ph.D. degrees at Virginia Tech. Her research evolved from sensory analyses to medical and biomedical field to further study the effects of metal ions on the oral epithelial cells. During conducting sensory analyses she developed the first international odor standard to be adopted and used for Flavor Profile Analysis of drinking water. Dr

Conference Session

Reflection

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lizabeth T. Schlemer, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Luciane de Greef, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Trevor Scott Harding, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Dr. Trevor S. Harding is Professor of Materials Engineering at California Polytechnic State University where he teaches courses in materials design, sustainable materials, and polymeric materials. Dr. Harding is PI on several educational research projects including the psychology of ethical decision making and promoting the use of reflection in engineering education. He serves as Associate Editor of the journals Advances in Engineering Education and International Journal of Service Learning in Engineering. Dr. Harding has served numerous leadership positions in ASEE including division chair for the Materials Division and the Community Engagement Division. Dr. Harding received

Conference Session

Development of Collaborative Skills in Construction Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melissa K. Thevenin, Colorado State University; Jonathan Weston Elliott, Colorado State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Construction

motivation. These constructs were adapted to theconstruction education domain in a survey instrument that was administered to 587 studentsenrolled in construction management courses at three universities. Mentors and role models weredefined in this study as “persons of influence” on a respondent’s academic decisions; mentorsgive advice and support, whereas role models provide inspiration. Results indicate that having aperson of influence was significantly and positively correlated with students’ constructioneducation self-efficacy and motivation (rs = 0.19, p < 0.001 and rs = 0.26, p < 0.001,respectively). When data were stratified by gender, the correlation between having a person ofinfluence and motivation toward construction education was

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University; Luis Fernando Cortes, Florida Atlantic University

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

network.System of systems background The concept behind the design of an SoS is the enhancement of a process by the integrationof a set of single systems that all belong to the same network. The success of the integration andthe functioning of this kind of system are based on: the autonomy level of each one of itssubsystems to carry out their corresponding task, the effectiveness to communicate betweensubsystems to transmit and receive data, while simultaneously assuring the security of the systemas a whole. In short, interoperability, scalability and security are the key concepts thatcharacterize the design and development of a multi-level complex system. Interoperability is given when all the subsystems communicate and work as one regardlessthe of

Conference Session

Professional and Regulatory Issues in Ethics

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Graeme W Troxell, Colorado State University; Wade O. Troxell, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1374

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

, incommensurable courses of action [3].Engineers, for instance, have a duty to “hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare ofthe public.” They also have a responsibility to “act for each employer as a faithful agentor trustee.” Consider a situation where an employer asks an engineer to design a fuelinjection system for an inexpensive internal combustion engine that dramaticallyincreases fuel economy, but also has the known side effect of increasing the engine’stotal output of soot. If designed and built, it is likely that the public will experience somedetrimental effects to their health. But projections indicate that such an engine wouldquickly gain widespread industry acceptance, and so stands to help significantly reducevehicle CO2 emissions long

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Diana Dabby

introducingstudents to V. Nabokov (1899-1977), Leonardo (1452-1519), Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750), and A. Borodin (1833-1887), the class effectively provides mentors for the Renaissanceengineer. It further demonstrates the power of "speaking two languages" and the inventivenessthat can emanate from a deep understanding of two fields. This inventiveness manifests itself inNabokov’s literary and scientific design, Leonardo’s pioneering work in comparative anatomy,Bach’s invention of new instruments with desired acoustical properties, and Borodin’s ability tojuggle his work in music composition and the laboratory, while publishing in both fields andchampioning women’s educational rights. He also invented at the interface of medicine andchemistry.The