Conference Session

Integrative Projects in Aerospace Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sanjay Jayaram, St. Louis University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

2006-1989: BILLIKENSAT 1 – SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY’S FIRST CUBESATDESIGNSanjay Jayaram, St. Louis University Dr. Sanjay Jayaram is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department at Saint Louis University. His research interests include Autonomous Control System Design for ground and planetary vehicles, Robust and Adaptive Control. Page 11.274.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 BILLIKENSAT 1 – Saint Louis University’s First Cubesat DesignAbstract:Billikensat 1 is the first multi-disciplinary Senior Capstone Spacecraft Design project at ParksCollege of

Conference Session

Teaching Methodology & Assessment 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Connor Ott, University of Colorado Boulder; Kathryn Anne Wingate, University of Colorado Boulder; Aaron W. Johnson, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

associated with seeking high performance and avoiding low performance.Mastery goals are associated with developing skills and increasing understanding. Eppler et al.(2000) point out that the behavior patterns associated with performance and mastery goalorientations can be valuable when coordinated with one another, and too great an emphasis oneither can be problematic [1]. Furthermore, Elliot & Dweck (1988) demonstrated that theperceived value of a task (in the context of achievement goals) factors into an individual’sbehavioral response to the task [2]. The interaction between instructors and students can help toinfluence students’ goal orientation in an undergraduate engineering course, but this becomesdifficult as class sizes increase and

Conference Session

Design Courses 1, Teaching Tools

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Justin Charles Major, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Tyler Tallman, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

engineering education written for a graduate-level NDM class that was taught by thesecond author (Tyler) in Spring of 2020. From a review of 22 peer-reviewed journal articles andconference papers, the student suggests that there is evidence that: 1) practitioners need to teachabout a broader range of NDM, 2) universities need to clearly identify and articulate their role indeveloping NDM theorists versus technicians, 3) universities need to facilitate partnerships inindustry that provide both entities the resources they need to proceed with high-level NDMeducation and methodological-execution, 4) researchers need to find meaningful ways to educateadministrators and faculty about NDM and its benefits in order to support growing NDMprograms, and 5

Conference Session

Teaching Methodology & Assessment 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Zachary Nolan Sunberg, University of Colorado Boulder; Kathryn Anne Wingate, University of Colorado Boulder; Lara Buri, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

precluded the usual teaming method, and the projectadvisory board adopted an optimization-based approach. Because this approach was developedonly a short time before the beginning of the course, attempts to engineer teams based on criteriapreviously explored in the literature, such as personality type or previous academic performance,were not feasible. Instead, the goal was to provide an efficient mechanism to assign students in afair way according to their preferences. Nevertheless, the teams created with this mechanismfunctioned well as demonstrated by the data presented in this work.This paper describes the details of the optimization approach based on three criteria: (1)balancing skills and expertise across design teams, (2) ensuring that

Conference Session

Teaching Methodology & Assessment 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Amelia Greig, University of Texas at El Paso

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

developed. Thelearning is deductive only and provides no context for students on why they are learning thematerial or how it will apply to their future engineering careers [1]. Many pedagogical tools thataim to establish connections between the engineering curriculum and industry practices havebeen investigated and implemented with varying degrees of success, such as project basedlearning (PBL) [2,3] competency based learning (CBL) [4], and inductive teaching [1]. However,adjustments to the curriculum to support these alternate pedagogical tools may still overlook theformat of the corresponding assessment items. Assessment techniques that have not beendesigned specifically to complement the course remain in a generic format that is only relevantto

Conference Session

Design Courses 1, Teaching Tools

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Mary E. Johnson Ph.D., Purdue University, West Lafayette; Shantanu Gupta, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Caroline K. Marete, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

a semester that is already packedwith other course requirements and activities. With other priorities demanding student andfaculty time, realizing interaction between industry experts and students in design courses may ormay not be achievable. Research to understand the value of expert interactions may informeducators as to the pedagogical value and provide support for including these activities in designcourses.In this paper, the Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Design Competition wasselected for three reasons: 1) interaction with experts is part of the competition requirements, 2)winning design proposal packages are available on a website for the ACRP Design Competition[1], and 3) the authors have participated in the

Conference Session

Teaching Methodology & Assessment 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sharanabasaweshwara Asundi, Old Dominion University; Miltos Kotinis

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

installed on thecomputer used for online instruction. An elaborate user manual was prepared for using thehardware setup along with the Zoom application for online instruction. This article discusses elements of the cost-effective, timely solution adopted by the MAEdepartment at ODU. It describes the implementation of a completely online flipped-styleclassroom instruction using a low-cost, simple-to-use equipment. To assess the effectiveness ofthe online flipped-style classroom instruction, the article presents the results of a surveyconducted among the students of a MAE course.1. Introduction and Background – Motivation for Online Flipped-Style Instruction In the past year, the world has changed tremendously due to the global Coronavirus

Conference Session

Design Courses 1, Teaching Tools

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Fernando Sesma, Texas A&M University; Eghosasere Alao, Texas A&M University; Hannah Stroud, Texas A&M University; Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

ofunconventional aerospace concepts, might naturally increase diversity in the field. The developed game,Space (Traffic) Jam!, teaches K-12 (specifically aimed towards K-6) students about aerospace engineeringthrough a basic analog by relating the familiar subject of road traffic management to the likely unfamiliarsubject of space traffic management. By playing the game, students are able to absorb concepts in avirtual format, one that is more easily digestible than being given the information plainly.IntroductionNationwide data shows that approximately 85% of aerospace engineers are male. Additionally,approximately 15% of all aerospace engineers (regardless of gender identity) comprise underrepresentedethnic groups [1]. Thus, the industry, and

Conference Session

Design Courses 1, Teaching Tools

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Dominic M. Halsmer P.E., Oral Roberts University; Simeon Spiess, Oral Roberts University; Geoffrey N.A. Willis, Oral Roberts University; Michael R. VanDusen

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

simulate the motion of aircraft based on control inputs initiated by the user.1 However,when testing the motors used to drive the motion, they proved to not be powerful enough toexecute all necessary functions without sustaining damage. At the end of the school year, theteam determined that more powerful motors would be necessary. More funding was requestedand eventually granted, but not before the senior students had graduated from ORU. The nextyear’s class of students installed the new motors in the Spring of 2019, but testing the prototypewas very limited due to the School of Engineering moving all labs and classrooms to newfacilities across the street. Boxing up the simulator and all required equipment proved to be alarge challenge. Another

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tian Tian, University of Central Florida; Ronald F. DeMara P.E., University of Central Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

for instructors are providedto increase the likelihood of successful assessment delivery, along with lessons learned.1.0 IntroductionTo address the substantial enrollment increases within undergraduate Mechanical and AerospaceEngineering (MAE) degree programs, new suitable and scalable means of assessing studentachievement are urgently sought. Across the United States, the number of Bachelors degrees inMechanical Engineering degrees conferred annually has increased 42.7% during the academicyears from 2009-2010 to 2014-2015, which constitutes the most recent five year period forwhich data is available from the National Center for Education Statistics [1]. These significantenrollment increases, along with a continual quest to sustain and

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sharanabasaweshwara Asundi, Tuskegee University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

a PNMSat program at an engineering institution in India.KeywordsSystems Pedagogy, PNMSat/CubeSat Mission/Program, Engineering Education in India, DiverseEngineering Careers, Space Systems Engineering and Pedagogy1. IntroductionThere is a growing need in India to educate the youth as engineers, doctors, scientists, and mostimportantly, responsible citizens [1], [2], [3]. In particular, there is a growing need for educatedaerospace engineers who can complement the untiring efforts of organizations like the IndianSpace Research Organization (ISRO). Over the decades, ISRO has established itself as apremiere space organization and enabled India to be one of the elite nations to explore thefrontiers of Mars and other space missions [4], [5], [6

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth W. Van Treuren, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

, aLightweight Fighter Design Project, a Glider Design Project, homework, two exams and acomprehensive final exam. The desire was to update the course with new approaches to teachingintroductory aeronautics. The framework for change came as a result of a Kern EntrepreneurialEngineering Network (KEEN) Innovating Curriculum with Entrepreneurial (ICE) MindsetWorkshop. Since 2007 Baylor University has been involved with the KEEN. KEEN is “a nationalpartnership of universities with the shared mission to graduate engineers with an entrepreneurialmindset so they can create personal, economic, and societal value through a lifetime ofmeaningful work” [1]. This is accomplished by incorporating entrepreneurially minded learning(EML) into the classroom

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adeel Khalid, Kennesaw State University; Christopher Douglas Roper; J. Andrew Pirrello Jr., Kennesaw State University ; Alain J. Santos

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

have access to literature beforehand and receive a lecture prior to the flight perform better than thosethat only review the literature or only receive a lecture before the simulation. Also, the efficacy of the hands-on learning in a laboratory environment is discussed.Keywords: Flight Training, Simulation, Hands-on Learning, Laboratory learning, Retention 1. IntroductionIn this IRB-approved (Institutional Review Board) study, student learning and retention is assessedusing a motion-based fixed-wing flight simulator. Students are given introduction to the principlesof flight. Then they fly the aircraft flight simulator and are asked to complete a pre-defined mission.Points are given for successfully completing several legs of the mission

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wm. Michael Butler, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

engineering or science. Is this a validassumption and does it apply to aerospace engineering students?Literature Review In engineering education, the number of studies exploring professional persistence islimited. Studies by Amelink and Creamer (2010), Eris et al. (2010), and Lichtenstein et al.(2009) indicate that a number of factors impact professional persistence. Between these differentstudies it was found that1,6,7: 1. respect from both peers and instructors was very important in keeping students satisfied with the engineering field and intending to work in the field for years in the future1. 2. the desire to pursue an engineering career increases throughout the education of the student in the case of persisters (those

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Scott Fleming, Georgia Institute of Technology; Amy Pritchett, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

Page 26.1129.2identified and interpreted.Aerospace Engineering Design ContextTo discuss coordinating knowledge within aerospace engineering design teams, we must firstdefine critical features of the engineering design context. Engineering design is a structuredapproach to developing, validating, and implementing complex systems.2 Aerospace engineeringdesign, specifically, can be characterized by many different representations of the engineeringdesign process.1, 12, 13 One methodology commonly used by aerospace engineering design firmsis the system engineering design approach. Systems engineering is an interdisciplinaryengineering management process that seeks to provide a balanced set of design solutions capableof meeting specified customer

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Seering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Karen Willcox, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Luwen Huang, MIT

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

. Page 26.1130.2 Fig. 1: Visualization of all subjects and modulesFigure 1 shows an overview of the visualization tool developed to display the outcomes and theirconnections. Each subject shown here is a class that contributes to requirements for theaerospace engineering major. Each of these subjects is divided into a number of modules whicheach contain a varying number of outcomes. While there are hundreds of intra-moduleconnections (i.e., outcomes within a module connected to other outcomes within that module)and intra-subject connections (i.e., connections between modules within a subject), this figureshows the inter-subject connections. The visualization is interactive and can show differentlevels of the intra-module

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University; David B Kanipe, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

Page 26.1343.2the first year, it was understood the process used to select the camp participants was offundamental importance to the success of the camp, and nothing about the student applicationprocess had changed in the three years of camp1. Student application packages for Camp SOARconsisted of the following: 1) high school transcript, 2) teacher recommendation, 3) honors andactivities, 4) essay 1, and 5) essay 2. Applicants were evaluated only on the basis of theinformation contained in the application. Aspects, such as gender, race, and ethnicity, were notconsidered during the evaluation of the application. In the first essay, students were asked toexplain their interest in AE, and the second essay asked for a description of the biggest

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sidaard Gunasekaran, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

aerodynamicssuch as golf drivers, speed chutes, sailboats, golf ball, propellers, drones, delta wings, airplanes, etc.(goo.gl/1vJwGF). Coupled with an assessment technique where the students are required to integratehomework, projects, activities, lectures and independent studies on a single platform (portfolio), themodel promotes sustainable learning (long-term learning), communication skills, technical skills andcritical thinking skills in a way that a conventional lecture-based model wouldn’t. Multiple Likertscale assessments of the modules and qualitative feedback from the students will be shared in thispaper along with homework assignments and projects.1. Introduction At the University of Dayton, the subject of Aerodynamics is taught as a

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kuldeep S Rawat, Elizabeth City State University; Ellis Eugene Lawrence, Elizabeth City State University; Robin Renee Mangham, Elizabeth City State University; Orestes Devino Gooden, Elizabeth City State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

NextGeneration Science Standards and contained a strong emphasis on math and science literacy for21st century learners. Evaluation data was gathered through Student Feedback Survey. Topicsdiscussed in the paper will include implementation of K-12 Aerospace Academy program atECSU, program components, participant demographics, student activities, and projectevaluation.IntroductionOver the next ten years, more than half of all jobs will require some education beyond highschool [1]. While adopting the Common Core State Standards should lead to more college-readystudents over time, students will still need programmatic supports from secondary andpostsecondary educational institutions to better prepare them for a successful transition topostsecondary

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael John Hargather, New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology; Shannon Hussan; Timothy W Jacomb-Hood, The Pennsylvania State University; Zachary Francis, Penn State University; Carly Seneca; Martha Quinlin; Raveen Fernando

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

sizes that most laboratories are limited to. One potential solution to enhancingstudent learning in the traditional classroom environment is to incorporate take-homeexperiments as part of individual classes as homework assignments or projects. Take-home experiments used as engineering course assignments are not a new idea, but theyare also not widely used. Some early work on take-home experiments included the work byBedard and Meyer 1 who developed two experiments investigating viscous properties of fluids.Scott 2 developed two fluid-statics experiments that were part of a laboratory class, but were Page 23.610.2assigned as take home

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David B Kanipe, Texas A&M University; Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University; Jacques C. Richard, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

devoted to the development of a selection rubric that would be fair to all applicants whileproviding camp organizers with a clear indication of those students with comparable skills,education, and interests. As a first step, the team responsible for developing the selectionprotocol studied the rubric of the E&C Department at Texas A&M that had significantexperience conducting successful summer camps. While not adopted in its entirety, this examplewas crucial to the development of the selection process.Each student desiring to attend Camp SOAR was required to submit an application packageconsisting of the following: 1) transcript, 2) teacher recommendation, 3) honors and activities, 4)essay 1, and 5) essay 2. Applicants were evaluated only

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Trevor J. Bennett, Texas A&M University; Kristin D. Nichols, Texas A&M University; Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

thisknowledge and adapt it to changing environments. Table 1 lists several qualities an effectivedesign engineer should possess. These characteristics will be used later as a metric to measurehow well students exhibit these qualities in a design environment. Table 1. Qualities of a design engineer4. The Engineer or Engineering Student should be able to … QUALITY 1. Communicate, negotiate and persuade 2. Work effectively in a team 3. Engage in self-evaluation and reflection 4. Utilize graphical and visual representations and thinking 5. Exercise creative and intuitive instincts 6. Find

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene L. Harding, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

technology can provide a strong basis formotivating student interest in a course. Such a course, if based on military applications oftechnology, can also impart beneficial background to graduates who pursue careers in thedefense industry. Moreover, many of the topics are generally applicable, so even students whonever enter the defense sector can profit substantially from the experience.Electronic warfare (EW) is an activity the military uses in virtually all military operations. EWis using the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum for advantage, preserving its use for friendly forces, Page 24.176.2and preventing the enemy from doing the same.1 The

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Devin Turner, Marquette University; Mark Nagurka, Marquette University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

minimize weight andmaximize fatigue life.Topics and Connection to Helicopters In the beginning of the course, students are introduced to types of helicopters, their basicprinciples, and the main systems they use to accomplish flight. Then, as new topics are coveredthroughout the course they are related to the design of helicopters. The topics of a machinedesign course and their connection to helicopters are presented below.1. Introduction to Helicopter Systems This topic serves as an explanation of why helicopter systems are used as a theme throughoutthe course, and gives an overview of the principles of helicopter flight and the basic systems thatare required for a functioning helicopter. Four forces are present in a stable flight condition

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott L. Post, Bradley University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

Page 24.1094.2The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was formed from the NationalAdvisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in 1958. In 1961 President Kennedy issued thegoal for NASA to send a man to the moon by the end of the decade, and congress approved thefunding for the moon mission (see Figure 1 for historical NASA funding levels). In 1969 Apollo11 landed on the moon, and the last manned lunar mission was Apollo 17 in 1972.Figure 1: NASA budget as percent of total federal budget, based on a figure originally appearingin the Augustine Report12 in 1990, and using data from NASA History office.As can be seen in Figure 1, even before the end of the manned moon missions in 1972, NASA’sbudget was being pared down. At the same

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Flaten, MN Space Grant / Univ. of Minnesota

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

used and computers builtevolved somewhat from year to year.) Unique experiment(s) needed to be done using this samehardware, or other hardware students provided and/or received permission to buy. 1. One Flip (video) camera or one Canon Powershot A570 IS (programmable, still) camera. 2. Solder one electrical resistive heater (with a switch; powered by a 9-volt 3-battery pack). 3. One HOBO U12-013 data logger with internal temperature and relative humidity sensors plus 2 channels for external sensors (e.g. external temperature probe, raw voltage cable to monitor a solar panel, etc.). 4. Solder one BalloonSat Easy flight computer with 3 channels to monitor external sensors (e.g. weather station). Has relays to

Conference Session

Aerospace Workspace: Current and Future 1

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debbie Mullins, Texas Space Grant Consortium; Wallace Fowler, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

President of ASEE. His teaching and research focus on space mission planning and spacecraft design. He is co-author of Statics and Dynamics textbooks with Dr. Anthony Bedford. Page 14.741.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 INSIDE THE NASA/ TEXAS SPACE GRANT CONSORTIUM DESIGN CHALLENGE PROGRAM: Motivating Students Through the Design ProcessIntroduction:A paper entitled The NASA/Texas Space Grant Consortium Design Challenge Program: ASystems Engineering Educational Program 1 was presented at the 2008 ASEE meeting inPittsburgh, which provided a general overview of Texas Space Grant

Conference Session

Aerospace Workspace: Current and Future 1

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ramesh Agarwal, Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

experience the fastest relative growthamong all modes of transportation, especially due to many fold increase in demand inmajor developing nations of Asia and Africa. Figure 1 shows the current market outlookfor airplane demand by 2025 and Figure 2 shows various categories of 27,200 airplanesthat would be needed by 2025. The total value of new airplanes is estimated at $2.6trillion. As a result of three fold increase in air travel by 2025, it is estimated that the totalCO2 emission due to commercial aviation may reach between 1.2 billion tonnes to 1.5billion tonnes annually by 2025 from its current level of 670 million tonnes. The amountof nitrogen oxides around airports, generated by aircraft engines, may rise from 2.5million tonnes in 2000 to 6.1

Conference Session

Aerospace Workspace: Current and Future 1

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Anderson, Oregon Institute of Technology; Sergey Dubikovsky, Purdue University; Ronald Way, El Camino College; Bradley Harriger, Purdue University; Buford Pringle, Butler Community College; Scott Schaffer, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

advantage composites offer in the performance of these products. - Ten Cate Aerospace Composites is a manufacturer of high performance composite systems. Using the internet, answer the following questions; o For the BT250E-1 Resin System, what are some typical applications? o What is the shelf life and how would this impact manufacturing operations? - One of the ways in which composites fail is by de-lamination of the plies. Explain why this happens. How would you modify a multi layer composite to reduce the risk of this type of failure?Formative evaluationTwo types of evaluation will be used to validate the curriculum. Formative evaluation willconsist of two major phases: design review and learner

Conference Session

Learning in a Socially-Distanced Environment

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kathryn Anne Wingate, University of Colorado Boulder; Alexis Wall, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

,thispaperwillexaminethefollowingresearchquestions: 1) WasthereachangeinjuniorcourseDWFratesafterthecurriculumchange? 2) DostudentswhostruggleinthejunioryearrecovertograduatewithadegreeinAES, andwhatdoesthisrecoverylooklike? 3) Willthiscurriculumchangepotentiallydecreasetheundergraduatestudenttimeto degreemetric? 4) Howdiddoublingthejuniorcourseofferingsimpactthedepartment’sabilitytocover undergraduatecourses?Literaturereview:Changestothecostofuniversity,enrollment,andengineeringpedagogyhavehadsignificantimpactsonbothstudentsandfaculty.STEMenrollmentatU.S.universitiesincreased44%in9yearsfrom427,503fulltimestudentsin2009to616,200in2018accordingtoRoyetal.[1]Locally