Conference Session

New Tools in Teaching and Learning Biomedical Engineering Concepts

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Sah, University of California-San Diego; Jessica Lin, University of California-San Diego; Michele Temple, University of California-San Diego; Edward Chuong, University of California-San Diego; Anish Jina, University of California-San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

. Page 12.755.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Fostering Bioengineering through a Quiz Bowl: the 1st Annual BQBThe Concept and Mission of a “Bioengineering Quiz Bowl”Quiz Bowls are fairly common annual events at both the college and high school levels.[1]Typically, Quiz Bowls engage teams of four individuals, paired against other teams, in matcheswhere answers to questions are awarded points, and a winning team emerges after a certaincontest duration. Traditionally, quiz bowls have involved a teams of students competing todemonstrate academic superiority. Prizes for Quiz Bowl winners and champions typicallyinclude a trophy, and sometimes a grant to the winning school. Quiz Bowls

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samantha Brenna, Arizona State University ; Casey Jane Ankeny, Arizona State University; Michael R. Caplan, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

interaction between students and the instructor.This pedagogy is particularly useful for addressing the outcomes required by the AccreditationBoard for Engineering and Technology (ABET) as it is difficult to address some of the criteria ina traditional setting, such as the ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems andeffectively communicate [1]. Although the number of flipped, engineering classrooms is growing across the country,there is limited research on the impact of flipped classrooms in terms of student achievement andmotivation in engineering at the university level [2]. However, there are studies that have shownthat video lectures outperform in-person lectures, specifically those that are interactive and

Conference Session

Assessment of Student Learning and Motivation in BME

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian P. Helmke, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

mean score in the flipped course was 7.3%higher than in the lecture course, which was significantly different at the 0.05 level (unpaired t-test, p=2.5×10-5). The cumulative histogram (Figure 1) shows the shift in the histogram of scoresin the flipped relative to the lecture course.In order to determine whether a difference in academic preparation existed, the aggregate GPAsof biomedical engineering students from the two class years of the study were compared.Students typically take the biotransport course in the 5th or 6th semester of their academicprogram, so GPAs from 4th semester were chosen for comparison to represent academic recordjust before taking biotransport. The GPA of the class year representing the lecture course was3.39±0.42

Conference Session

K-12 and Graduate Experiences in BME

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sam Dreyer, University of Illinois at Chicago; Miiri Kotche, University of Illinois at Chicago; Jennifer Olson, University of Illinois at Chicago ; Andria Shyjka, University of Illinois at Chicago

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

includingbiomechanics, rehabilitation engineering, bionanomaterials and biomedical imaging, the firstyear of the Bioengineering Experience for Science Teachers (BEST) Program provided in-depthparticipant-tailored curricular mentoring via weekly workshops that focused on principles ofeffective planning, instruction, and assessment which will be directly connected to teachers’classroom curriculum. In addition to exposure to research in bioengineering labs, City PublicHigh School teachers from diverse schools across the district also translated their experience intocurriculum unit lesson plans being implemented the following academic year. 1. IntroductionIt has been well established that there is a shortage of STEM professionals [1]. While there are anumber of

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert A. Linsenmeier, Northwestern University; Lauren Woods

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

teaching development(TD) programs is the Longitudinal Study of Future STEM Scholars (Connolly et al., 2016),which studied graduate students from three large institutions. The goal of this work was toanswer the question “What are the short- and long-term effects of TD programs on doctoralstudents’ teaching-related skills, knowledge, attitudes, and career choices?” The three mostimportant results are captured in the executive summary: “1) TD during the doctoral programhad positive, significant effects for all participants, including those who do not take positions inacademia after graduating. 2) Participating in TD programs during the doctoral program had noeffect on students’ time to degree completion, which was six years on average. 3) For

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth A. Logsdon, Johns Hopkins University; Robert Allen P.E., Johns Hopkins University; Nicholas J. Durr, Johns Hopkins University; Hien Nguyen, Johns Hopkins University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

, are not rigidly scheduled, and physician time is expensive andlimited. A team leader model, upon which our design program was conceived, can alleviate theseissues, reducing the logistical burden on clinical resources and enabling a peer education system(Figure 1).Team Leader Training CoursesWe employ a team leader model, where students apply and are interviewed by faculty to beselected as a leader nine months before the academic year. The process of selection is describedelsewhere (Allen 2013). In brief, students apply for the leadership position. Faculty selectleaders based on their academic and extracurricular records and an interview process. Wedeveloped two one-credit team leader courses to precede the traditional yearlong design

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Molly Y. Mollica, University of Washington; Heather A. Feldner, University of Washington; Anat Caspi P.E., University of Washington ; Katherine M. Steele, University of Washington; Dianne Grayce Hendricks, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

powerful educational method for delivering engineering curricula [1, 2]while benefiting student retention, personal development, and community connections [3, 4].Furthermore, positive societal impact is especially important to underrepresented students incareer selection [5, 6] and classes or projects with clear engineering-service componentscommonly attract a higher percentage of students from underrepresented groups [7, 8]. In thiswork-in-progress, we examine our initial efforts in implementing toy adaptation to enhanceengineering education and to serve our broader community.What is an adapted toy?An adapted toy has modified activation, function, orother components to increase accessibility andenhance the user’s experience. Here, we use

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica Dominique Okon, The Ohio State University ; Tanya M. Nocera Ph.D., The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

BME majors are required tocomplete three during their junior and/or senioryears. Students most recently enrolled in domainlabs during the 2016-2017 academic year wererequired to keep electronic-based lab notebooks(LabArchives Classroom Edition). Before thestart of each lab course, students were provided alink to create their ELN account that was pre-loaded with a daily lab notebook template createdby the authors (Figure 1). The student ELNs werealso pre-loaded with laboratory notebookrequirements (Figure 2) and associated gradingrubric, daily graduate teaching assistant formativefeedback forms, and an example notebook pagetemplate with guidelines for each section. Fig. 1: Electronic lab notebook

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tracy Jane Puccinelli, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Carla Winsor, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

an introductory engineering course (Introduction to Engineering Design) to incoming freshmen in the College of Engineering. In 2014, Puccinelli became a coordinator for the Introduction to Engineering Design course, which had become a popular course with more than 900-1000 students enrolled per year. When the college restructured and ended all freshman engineering courses, Puccinelli proposed two new multi-disciplinary freshman engineering courses in 2015: A 2 credit hands-on design course, and a 1 credit seminar style course. The hands-on course is now required for half of the engineering college and the seminar informational course is now required for all engineering freshman. Puccinelli is coordinating and

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen R. Thickman, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

genetic information is gathered and analyzed 1. These changes have ledto substantial improvements in biomedical research and medical practices, includingpersonalized cancer care and preventative procedures based on genetic backgrounds 2–5.Biomedical and bioengineering students are entering a world where understanding how to obtainand analyze large-scale genetic data is a valuable skill. Bioengineers are uniquely positionedaddress many of the large challenges in the genomics field, as these challenges requireindividuals with skills in biology, computation, and design. However, many degree programs donot include coursework in this area. Though there is literature describing genomics courses forfirst year undergraduates, nursing students and medical

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Towles, University of Wisconsin, Madison; John G. Davis, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Brian Frushour, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF)

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

introduce students to the project management process— including project initiation, planning, execution and closure—in a hands-on way. The curriculum of the graduate project management course (Fig. 1) was linked to that of an undergraduate biomedical engineering

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yan Wu, University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Theodorus Evan de Groot, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Jorge Camacho; Patrick McMinn, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

, MadisonJorge CamachoPatrick McMinn, University of Wisconsin, Madison Graduate Research Assistant c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Work in Progress: An Educational Kit for Introducing Microfluidics-Based Cell Adhesion Assay in Undergraduate LaboratoryYan Wu1, Ted de Groot2, Jay Warrick2, Patrick McMinn2, John Guckenberger2, Jorge Camacho3, and Dave Beebe2 1 Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin - Platteville 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Conrad M. Zapanta, Carnegie Mellon University; Howard D. Edington; Philip E. Empey, University of Pittsburgh ; David Clement Whitcomb, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC, and Carnegie Mellon University; Alan John Rosenbloom, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

. Sample projects include a MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) baseddifferential viscosity sensor for the continuous sensing of interstitial fluid glucose, and ex vivolung perfusion device to allow for increased functionality of potential transplant lungs, a noveltechnique to treat uterine fibroids, and high frequency spinal cord stimulation to treat chronicback and leg pain.Course Evaluations and Student CommentsEach course was evaluated using the Faculty Course Evaluation (FCE) system developed atCarnegie Mellon University. Table 1 summarizes for clarity of the learning goals and overallcourse rating for each class (out of 5.0). The ratings are typically higher than the average scoresfor both the Department of BME and College of Engineering

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander J. Carroll, North Carolina State University; Andrew J. DiMeo Sr., UNC & North Carolina State University; Hatice O. Ozturk, North Carolina State University; James McCall, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

CurriculumThe landscape of today’s Biomedical Product Development Industry calls for a diverse set ofskills beyond the typical engineering fundamentals. The current Hospital Value-BasedPurchasing environment driven by the Department of Health and Human Services Centers forMedicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) measure all new products by their ability to improveclinical outcomes, increase patient satisfaction, and lower the cost of care.1 Preparing students tobecome leaders in the Biomedical Engineering (BME) industry therefore must include anunderstanding of health economics and a broad view of the continuum of care and overall impactof care. The proposed changes to Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.’s(ABET) Criterion 3 signals

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael G. Mauk, Drexel University; Richard Chiou, Drexel University; Tamra Duke, Drexel University ; Qayum Malik, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

). Since2000, the US Department of Defense reports the occurrence of 307,000 TBIs in active soldiers.Currently, the only way to determine whether one has sustained a concussion or DAI is byexamination by a doctor using a special battery of tests. Generally, such tests cannot be donequickly nor on site. Thus, a simple device that athletes, soldiers, police and other at-riskpersonnel could wear on their head (e.g., attached or taped to their head or to a headband), wouldfill an important medical need.Microfluidic Sensor Design. There is considerable interest in a low-cost (∼$1), simple, easy-to-use and interpret, non electric-powered, comfortable device that would indicate the possibleoccurrence of head trauma. A simple microfluidic device (Figures 1

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hannah Timbers Yssels, University of California, Davis; Marina Crowder, University of California, Davis; Ozcan Gulacar, University of California, Davis; Jennifer H. Choi, University of California, Davis

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

the development anduse of problem solving in the context of design, or design thinking skills, has yet to bedetermined.This Works in Progress paper seeks to provide additional insight into the role of knowledgestructure, knowledge retention, and misconceptions in solving open-ended biomedicalengineering design problems. Correlations in problem solving performance to level ofmetacognitive awareness will also be assessed. As part of a larger multidisciplinary study, weseek to develop a model for undergraduates’ STEM problem solving performance that will serveas a tool to guide support of students’ problem solving skill development.Goals and Research QuestionsThe overall goals of this study are to (1) analyze students’ problem solving work in

Conference Session

Laboratories and Computer Simulation in BME

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Thompson, Kansas State University; Steve Warren, Kansas State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

parameter extraction from photo-plethysmographic signals, light/tissue interactionmodeling, and the use of photo-plethysmograms in applications such as biometric authentication.These new devices have been employed in (a) a Fall 2006 lecture/laboratory pair within abiomedical instrumentation course sequence taken by undergraduate and graduate students, (b)undergraduate honors research experiences, and (c) graduate signal processing research.I. IntroductionBlood oxygen saturation, often referred to as the sixth vital sign, can be obtained via a wellknown, empirically discovered technique referred to as pulse oximetry.1, 2 In recent decades,pulse oximeters have become a staple in clinical environments and are therefore an expectedelement of any

Conference Session

Laboratories and Computer Simulation in BME

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lanny Griffin, California Polytechnic State University; Robert Crockett, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

, having projects that are based onbioengineering problems is necessary. Fortunately, there are numerous problems that can beaddressed which are well-posed. Finding a textbook can be somewhat challenging since most numerical analysis books arewritten for MATLAB or C. Most of the Excel textbooks are not well-suited to a formalnumerical analysis class because they are written to address typical spreadsheet usage rather thancustomization by macros [1]. We ultimately settled on using a newly published book entitled,Numerical Analysis for Biomedical Engineers [2] even though it was written for MATLAB. Inthis case, MATLAB script could be treated as pseudo-code and easily ported to Visual BASIC inExcel.II. Learning Objectives and Outcomes

Conference Session

Freshman Design and Other Novel Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele Temple, University of California-San Diego; Peter Chen, University of California-San Diego; Robert Sah, University of California-San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

order to introduce freshmen students toBioengineering. BENG 1, Introduction to Bioengineering, is designed to introduce students tobioengineering as a discipline and also to introduce them to the research activities in thedepartment in a large lecture-style course format. Bioengineering faculty members speak abouttheir research during the class sessions and teams of students explore a design project of theirchoice. BENG 87, Freshmen Seminars in Bioengineering, is offered to introduce students toaspects of bioengineering in a small interactive group setting with faculty. Faculty members offerseminars each quarter on topics of their choice, usually related to their research interests.Students select seminars on a topic of interest and are

Conference Session

Freshman Design and Other Novel Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachael Schmedlen, University of Michigan; Mimi (Miriam) Adam; Robert Sulewski; Matthew O'Donnell, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

AC 2007-2611: A REAL INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING ANDBIOTECHNOLOGYRachael Schmedlen, University of MichiganMimi Adam, University of MichiganRobert Sulewski, University of MichiganMatthew O'Donnell, University of Washington Page 12.103.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 A Real Introduction to Engineering and BiotechnologyAbstractWe have developed a unique section of the required Freshman Introduction to Engineeringcourse for the College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor: Biotechnology andHuman Values. Our course is predicated on the assumptions that a meaningful introduction toBiomedical Engineering and biotechnology includes 1. solving

Conference Session

New Tools in Teaching and Learning Biomedical Engineering Concepts

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathy Schmidt, University of Texas-Austin; Mia Markey, University of Texas-Austin; Thomas Milner, University of Texas-Austin

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

essential as is the case for a distance learningenvironment.Thus, we conducted a series of surveys with our faculty and students to assesstheir needs, with an emphasis on recognized competencies for distance education.We present lessons learned about both the process of needs assessment fordistance education as well as the identified challenges.IntroductionDuring the last decade, the expanding range of educational technologies hascreated many choices for universities to deliver instruction. With these advances,distance education (DE) is becoming more prevalent in postsecondary institutionswith 62 percent of public and private 2- and 4-year institutions offering DEcourses in 2004-05. 1 “At its most basic level, distance education takes placewhen a

Conference Session

BME Assessment and the VaNTH ERC

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Gatchell, Northwestern University; Robert Linsenmeier, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

higher orlower than the ratings determined in the previous step. This sequence of collecting,disseminating, and rating is continued until a consensus is reached regarding theimportance/relevance of a set of ideas to the topic of interest. Page 12.1584.3Overview of the VaNTH Key Content SurveyThe VaNTH Key Content Survey is a Delphi study focused on identifying key concepts that allundergraduate biomedical engineers should know upon graduation. The study is designed toundergo three iterations: 1) rate the importance/relevance of a comprehensive list of biomedicalengineering, biology, and physiology concepts, as well as a list of co- and pre

Conference Session

Laboratories and Computer Simulation in BME

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Kang-Mieler

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

-on learning? An hands-on learning approach requires students to become activeparticipants instead of passive learners who simply listen to lectures. The concept of “hands-onlearning” is not new in engineering education. A previous study of engineering educationshowed that hands-on learning is an effective method for engineering classes.1 In fact, over thepast 10 years or so, many engineering schools and programs have started to adopt “hands-onlearning” into their curricula. Whether using simple everyday household items or sophisticatedequipment, professors are now trying to integrate hands-on learning into their classes.Laboratory activities are the traditional method of providing students hands-on experience.However, with advancements in

Conference Session

Design in BME Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David McStravick, Rice University; Marcia O'Mallley, Rice University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

their participation in weekly meetings with the facultyadvisor, to gage their mastery of the material. Individual performance (based on the exam,participation, log book, and level of involvement) accounts for 50% of the student’s grade in thecourse. Exam on Project Content 1. Consider the actuation supplied to your prototype system, or consider the power source if your prototype will run on batteries. a. Describe your team’s final selection for the actuation or battery power for your device. b. Describe at least one alternative choice that was considered. c. List 3 reasons, either in favor of your choice, or against your discarded option, that led to your final design

Conference Session

Laboratories and Computer Simulation in BME

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shekhar Sharad, National Instruments

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Page 12.112.2approaches such as graphical programming have significant advantages in helping teachconcepts to BME students.3. Graphical Programming: An Integrated ApproachOne of the natural mechanisms that engineering students use to learn concepts is block diagrams.In the programming world, the paradigm that they use is generally referred to as dataflowparadigm[4,5]. Under the dataflow paradigm, the solution to a problem is modeled as a series ofoperations (represented as blocks) with the data seemingly invisible. While this may seem aminor detail, it helps provide a much higher level of abstraction when designing algorithms andsystems.Figure 1 shows the difference between a C-code snippet to add two numbers and multiple theresult by 25 and

Conference Session

BME Assessment and the VaNTH ERC

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Cordray, Vanderbilt University; Thomas Harris, Vanderbilt University; Jennifer Gilbert

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

claims that an educational innovation“works” (i.e., the learning outcome for the group exposed to the innovation is greater, onaverage, than that of participants exposed to traditional instruction) is the quality of theresearch design used to derive the relative effect. Consistent with the guidelines foridentifying evidence-based educational practices, we first examined the quality of theresearch design used in each of the VaNTH-sponsored studies. Designs were classifiedinto two broad categories: (1) randomized experiments; and (2) quasi-experiments. It iswidely held that results from randomized experiments (where participants have been Page

Conference Session

BME Assessment and the VaNTH ERC

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Cordray, Vanderbilt University; Alene Harris, Vanderbilt; Thomas Harris, Vanderbilt University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

accomplishmentsof programs. This approach attempts to capitalize on available experimental and non-experimental as a means of testing effectiveness and monitoring subsequent performance.We also present analyses that show the unique contribution (to learning and otheroutcomes) of variations in specific core components of the Legacy Cycle and its learningprinciples.I. Introduction The Vanderbilt-Northwestern-Texas-Harvard/MIT Engineering Research Center(VaNTH/ERC) for Bioengineering Educational Technologies has developed over 60innovative instructional modules in a variety of bioengineering areas (See Harris et al.1).These innovations are based on the model of learning and instruction, (referred to as HPLfor “How People Learn”) described by Bransford et

Conference Session

Laboratories and Computer Simulation in BME

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Allen, University of Virginia; Brett Blackman, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

culture, microscopy, RNA and protein extraction, western blotting, RT-PCR, biomaterials and tissue engineering, ultrasound, EKG, biomechanics, microfluidics,biofluid dynamics, and quantitative clinical measurement methodologies. The end of this courseconsists of a four-week project which empowers the students to integrate the skills andknowledge accumulated throughout the year towards independently addressing a relevanthypothesis or question in BME. Student lab proficiency and analytical ability were assessed viadetailed group lab reports on each module, weekly quizzes, in-lab observation by the instructorsand TAs, and a final written practicum exam. Additionally, feedback on the course was gatheredfrom: 1) student evaluations, surveys, and

Conference Session

Communication and Professional Skills in BME

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John D. Gassert, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Jeffrey Blessing, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Larry Schmedeman, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Larry Fennigkoh, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

students not be asked to stretch and explain how the client can capitalize on thenew and innovative features; should the students be encouraged to be entrepreneurial? Ingeneral, engineering faculty members believe that teaching entrepreneurship is a sound idea;however, including it as an integral part of an engineering education is another story. How doesone approach changing from educators of competent engineers, or what Carol Steiner refers to as“technipreneurs,” 1 to educators of engineering entrepreneurs?Entrepreneurship in an engineering education is nothing new. Durgin and Zwiep describe theentrepreneurial aspects of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) engineering programsdating back to 1865 2 and other engineering programs that

Conference Session

BME Laboratories and Skills-Based Projects

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shahin Sirouspour, McMaster University; Pawel Malysz, McMaster University; Ali Shahdi, McMaster University; Ryan Leslie, Quanser Inc; Mahyar Fotoohi, Quanser Inc; Paul Karam, Quanser Inc

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

experiments developed to achieve the learning objectives.1. Background and MotivationIn recent years, interest in applications of robotics technology in medical interventionalprocedures has grown enormously. Although the number of existing robotic-based clinicalprocedures is still limited, there is ample evidence that market for such technologies is rapidlyexpanding [1]. Robotic devices are emerging as essential components of state-of-the-art ofcomputer-integrated surgical platforms. Whether in orthopedic surgery, percutaneous therapy, orminimally-invasive surgery/telesurgery, robotics technology has enabled new and improvedmethods of healthcare delivery resulting in less patient trauma, improved operation outcome, andshorter hospital stays [2-4