better understand whole–class testing or try to fill ingaps left by the three main data sources in design summaries, yet we did not need to do so often.Together, the table group video, journals, and interviews both (a) overlapped, triangulating oneanother as data sources especially in response to RQ2 and RQ3; and (b) offered unique insights(e.g., interviews were more reflective while group videos were in the moment). There were casesin which data sources conflicted (e.g., one design plan written in a journal but another enacted);we noted those conflicts in the design summaries. Even when we primarily drew from one datasource (e.g., interviews for RQ1) in answering a research question, we could interpret evidencefrom that data source in the
design as a result of feedback), and reflection (reflecting on design aspects ordesign decisions). The study also examined parent facilitation techniques during the engineeringexperiences and the ways in which older children demonstrated moments of agency duringinteractions with a parent at an interactive engineering exhibit [29].Moving beyond the designed informal learning context [30] of the museum, more recent work aspart of the Head Start on Engineering (HSE) Project and Research Exploring ActivityCharacteristics and Heuristics for Early Childhood Engineering (REACH-ECE) Project has goneon to explore how families engage in engineering across a number of different settings, includingcommunity programs, early education programs, and the home
, our research usedexploratory classroom observations and consultations with STEM-ID developers to identify thecritical components of the STEM-ID curricula (Table 1). Subsequently, our originalimplementation research used the Innovation Implementation Framework to explore fidelity ofimplementation during the initial implementation of the fully developed curricula [15]. At thecommencement of the current project, we revisited the list of critical components with theproject team to confirm that, given curricula refinement and further data analysis, the originalcritical components still reflect the elements essential to achieving the desired outcomes of thecurricula.Table 1STEM-ID Critical Components Structural – Procedural Component
participant interactions and documented indicators of activity-specific talk andbehaviors, parent and caregiver roles, staff facilitation, and engineering practice talk. Tworesearchers conducted these site visits and led staff reflections, including at least one bilingual(Spanish/English) researcher who collected data with Spanish-speaking families and staff Theresearch team also facilitated ongoing video conference meetings with case study staff membersbefore, during, and after activity implementation to better understand the ways they wereadapting and implementing the activities and to document their evolving ideas about engineeringeducation for young children and families.Engineering ActivitiesThe first of the activities was named Pollitos
, and one preferred not to answer.They represented 19 states or US territories and 28 unique universities.Each liaison typically supported one high school, though some supported two or three. Afterobtaining IRB approval, the e4usa research team used a protocol for focus groups with universityliaisons to encourage reflection and discussion. Questions asked included, ● What, if any, prior existing relationships did you and/or your university have with your partner school(s) prior to your involvement with the e4usa course? ● What support resources provided by e4usa have been most helpful to you? In what ways have these resources been helpful? ● Do you have any suggestions for how to increase liaison participation?This
exercise gave thestudents an opportunity to examine their current understanding of sustainable building practices. The groupnext traveled to the MorningStar solar home, a net-zero home built for the 2007 Solar Decathlon. A memberof the AE faculty who helped create the home for the competition guided the campers through the homeand explained the team’s considerations when designing the net-zone house. Campers learned about theenergy efficiency standards in passive house designs and how they can be implemented in today's buildingenvironments.Lighting The lighting design portion of the summer camp consisted of a short interactive lecture using visualdemonstrations with Top Hat to facilitate discussion, reflection and engagement with the
math, “I would have consideredit was mathematical, and that is something that I would have attributed to what we did today[referencing the exhibit activities], but stepping back and really thinking about it, that's exactlywhat it is. It is probability” (P6). In contrast, reflecting on what they and their child experienced,the parent asserted, “I feel like it's kind of engineering on a smaller scale, figuring out whatdifferent buttons do to make something happen on a screen. Or a different combination ofbuttons to make it do something different” (P5). When describing their experiences, manyparents referred back to the CT activities that were part of the exhibit and then related them tothings they were most familiar with, such as using a
peer support also reflects a collaborative learning environmentconducive to the transfer of learning.The high score in achieved learning, complemented by the favorable evaluation of academicposters, demonstrates that students not only grasped the course content but were also able toeffectively apply their knowledge to a complex project. The intent to transfer, as reflected instudents' attitudes and the quality of academic posters, further signifies the course's role inpreparing students to apply their learning in future contexts.Finally, the study affirms the effectiveness of the course in promoting transfer of learning in ashort, intensive format. The positive outcomes across all dimensions of the FET model, alongwith the high-quality
terms for “thank you” and “you’rewelcome”) were used instead of “thank you” and “you’re welcome”. Using African terms exposedstudents to indigenous African languages, which aided in their immersion into the camp’s African-Centered learning environment. The closing exercise, “Community”, was another cultural practiceutilized. In traditional African societies, community leaders and members gathered to discuss importantmatters, with each individual’s perspective being seen as vital to the overall survival and success of thecollective (Etta et al., 2016). During Community, both students and instructors verbally reflected on theday’s events. The aim of this activity was to allow students to express their thoughts and feelings aboutwhat they
topics, problems, or issues are organized, represented, and adapted to the diverseinterests and abilities of learners, and presented for instruction” [24, p. 8]. Shulman [24] furtherexplained that PCK aids in differentiating expert teachers in a subject area from subject areaexperts. Consequently, for a teacher to become an expert teacher in a subject matter, the teachershould first comprehend the subject area knowledge with a degree of flexibility and adaptabilitythat enables them to transform that knowledge into “forms that are pedagogically powerful andyet, adaptive to the variations in ability and background presented to the students” [24, p.15].However, the transition from personal beliefs about content to reflecting on how to organize
opportunities. IntroductionThe United States (U.S.) has seen an increased emphasis on providing computational thinking(CT) learning opportunities for every P-12 student. The increased emphasis is reflected by theinclusion of CT in the Standards for Technological and Engineering Literacy (STEL) [2] and theNext Generation Science Standards (NGSS) [1]. These standards promote the integration of CTwithin authentic, design-based engineering and science contexts. While the benefits ofintegrating CT and engineering practices are clear, there is still much to learn about the methodsused to integrate CT within authentic engineering design challenges. One strategy, physicalcomputing (the design, programming, and
assignments to help them with motor control and ultrasonic sensor work.But there was still a need to teach them how to create a code that others could read and follow.To achieve repeatable code, comments in the code matter greatly, and the mentors wish they hademphasized this importance more, especially when working in a group where others will readand use your code. Next year the mentors will explain to the apprentices how to comment theircode effectively for others to use.Upon reflection, it would have been helpful to have conflict resolution training for the mentors tobetter help the apprentice teams that were having interpersonal issues. Most issues were easy tohandle but there were some more complex issues. The mentors did have weekly meetings
programs and the workplace. BackgroundIn 2014, the inclusion of engineering content and practices at the same substantive level asscientific inquiry in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) [9-11] raised concerns fromengineering educators [12-14]. Concerns reflected the limited preparation that engineeringeducators believed many P-12 science educators had to teach engineering concepts in great depth[12-16]. The NGSS also prompted concerns from both P-12 science and engineering educatorsregarding increased potential safety hazards and resulting risks that science educators wouldneed to be prepared to address when tasked with delivering hands-on, design-based engineeringinstruction [1,4,5,11,14,17
, interviews, journals, and reflections with theirperceptions of the robot kits both before and after the integration. The results indicated that”...exploring with and using the robot kits, and activities, helped the teachers build theirconfidence and knowledge to introduce young students to computational thinking. The studyidentified that teacher professional development (PD) needs to focus explicitly on how to teachdevelopmentally appropriate robotics based STEM activities that further promote computationalconcepts, practices, and perspectives.” [33, p. 1]In another study focused on integrating CS with robotics, Sullivan and Bers integrated KIWIrobotics kits into a preschool through second-grade curriculum [34]. PreK-2 students (n=60)participated in
The sociotransformative constructivism theoretical framework informed the curriculumchoices. Prior work on designing STEM curriculum for middle grade students has applied thisframework to guide similar choices5. In applying this framework, we sought to ensure that theactivities and assessments emphasized the elements of sociotransformative constructivism:dialogic conversations, authentic activity, metacognition, and reflexivity. To do this, we gatheredinitial information from the participating community educators through the application process(see description below) in order to inform the creation of authentic activities that reflect the skillsof geospatial professionals contextualized to the locations of the camps. We hope to co-createsome
demonstrate increased ideation in the form of student conceptualdesigns, as hypothesized, they do indicate that students made critical connections betweenbiological and engineering design concepts. In nearly all design cases, students were able toarticulate one or more patterns in biology and how their design mimicked those patterns. We alsosaw evidence that students made modest structural changes in design revisions that resembledthose found in biological patterns, including (a) adding IR reflective material to reflect or containheat and (b) adding layers of different functional insulators. While these changes were alsopresent in existing solutions and could have been copied from there, many student teamsexplicitly connected (and credited) the
Catia Biochemistry White Woman Russia Chaaya Chemistry Indian Woman United States Chloe Chemistry White Woman United StatesData CollectionThe data for this study is composed of thirty-two semi-structured interviews. Each participantwas interviewed once per year, typically in or immediately following the spring semester. Theinterviews generally lasted between forty-five minutes and one hour and followed a protocoldevised for the broader UKSA project. The protocol sought to capture a wide variety of thestudents’ perspectives on the prior academic year, including reflections on their assessments,preferred class
16choice study much mathematics?" (Career, Education) (Longitudinal) Follow-up survey: College enrollment and program requiring calculus for past participants (Education)Career, Education Knowledge tests, surveys, reflection essays, exit interviews. Details lacking on survey Post-camp, 63 SARE, 47 From under-resourced High school Crews 2020 questions. Eventual college enrollment in STEM majors was tracked. follow up BRBT backgrounds [47]Interest, Attitudes, "I like math." (Interest);"I like
are working to find viable solutions.As they do, it is imperative that the results be translated into learning opportunities for the futuregenerations of environmental leaders: K-12 students [1], [2]. Partnerships between researchersand K-12 teachers have proven highly beneficial in increasing student learning [1], [2].The Framework for K-12 Science Education [3] and the Next Generation Science Standards(NGSS) [4] place emphasis on the integration of engineering principles and practices into K-12science education. Unlike previous science education standards, engineering was included in theNGSS for two reasons: to reflect the importance of understanding the human-built world and torecognize the value of better integrating the teaching and
the motors by selecting sensor values and their corresponding motorpositions in the training mode. Subsequently, the motor determines the position based on thesensor input using a nearest neighbor algorithm in the running mode.MethodsResearch Question: What makes teachers’ confidence in using and teaching ML emergingtechnology tools shift?Background: Several participants in this co-design workshop had taught in themachine-learning workshop in the summer of 2022 with upper elementary school students[22].Based on their feedback and reflections we learned that they were confused about the curriculaand activities design, and they didn’t have enough confidence to teach emerging technologieswithout professional training. They suggested we improve
ethical dilemmas, and students had to dealwith factors such as working to deadlines, resolving disagreements, and continuously refiningsolutions. The author found that the “hands-on” and “real-world” situations that the role-playsituation afforded were particularly pedagogically valuable for engineering education students.In the realm of a computer systems analysis and design course in a New Zealand bachelorprogram, Erturk (2015) explored two class sessions that involved students producing Data FlowDiagrams and Activity Diagrams, where the intention was to demonstrate their analysis of asoftware “case” by constructing, reviewing, critiquing, and reflecting on the diagrams. The role-play dimension required students to explain and “act out” their
. The numbers of participants (total and for girls) are listed in Table 1, below. Because wefocus on the fourth and fifth grade girls who participated and because we do not have largeenough numbers to disaggregate by race or ethnicity, we do not report race or ethnicityinformation of the participants in this study. However, we want to note that the students whoparticipated in the research reflected the gender and race distributions of their schools and schooldistricts. Across the three years of this study, the student populations of the larger study and inthe focal schools were 2% American Indian or Alaskan Native, 8% Asian, 15% Black or AfricanAmerican, 21% Hispanic or Latinx, 0% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 49% White, and 5
following research question: What kinds of roles andbehaviors do caregivers enact that support their child’s learning and engagement in engineeringactivities at home? We anticipated that caregivers’ roles and behaviors would be influenced bythe home context and reflect caregivers’ trying to balance responsibilities of being aparent/caregiver with their expectations of what it means to support or teach their child about adiscipline with which they may be unfamiliar (e.g., engineering).MethodsStudy ContextThe current study was conducted as part of an NSF-funded project to (1) engage kids and theircaregivers in engineering, (2) increase the awareness of kids and caregivers as to whatengineering is, and (3) increase kids’ interest in engineering. We
qualitative studies and useful for examining the perspective of participants. Weemployed Braun and Clarke's [45] six-phase method for thematic analysis, which encompassedfamiliarizing yourself with data, generating initial codes, searching for themes, reviewing,defining, and naming the themes, and creating the report. Though the method is presented asbeing linear, we took an iterative and reflective process that involved constantly moving backand forth between phases [45], [46] and enriched with deep discussions among the coders todevelop themes. Agreements and disagreements were discussed through deep conversationsamong multiple researchers at different stages [47].The triangulation of data and following the trustworthiness criteria suggested by
superintendents reflected on how students were impacted directly: “Yes, it [COVID] has had a negative impact. Although teachers provided options, resources, links, etc., students really had to take some initiative to fully dive in. Students were not exposed to as many concepts, experiment opportunities, lessons, etc. as they were prior to the pandemic.” “COVID prevented inquiry based hands-on experiences.”Theme #2: Teachers recognized what was missing during the pandemic, namely studentcollaboration, hands-on investigations, and using the school’s STEAM Lab.Several teachers commented on the lack of hands-on collaboration among students due toCOVID-19 social distancing and time constraints. One 2nd grade teacher even shared
6 5 1 0 0 engineering design and STEM Have students participate in hands- 7 5 0 0 0 on activities Engage and empower students in 8 4 0 0 0 enquiry-based learning Students work collaboratively on 7 5 0 0 0 group projects Engage students in open-ended problem solving with student peer 6 6 0 0 0 collaboration. Reflect on my teaching 5 4 3 0 0
focused on STEMinterests while the Group Work Skills Questionnaire Manual Survey is centered on studentcollaboration. The results of Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests indicated positive significant impactson 21st-century learning, Group work, student’s expected class performances (in Math, Science,Engineering, and English) and student’s plan to take advanced courses in the future (in Math,Science, and Engineering). Additionally, daily reflection surveys were administered tounderstand the impact of individual activities students participated in each day. Results wereanalyzed to identify activities that positively improved domains in student interests, whichprovided additional context to the meaning of the results from the pre- and post-survey
population in order to collaboratively anditeratively develop solutions [1]. It provides individuals with a flexible structure for navigatingill-structured challenges [21] and generating creative and meaningful solutions [22]. When usingHCD, individuals focus on humans in the design journey by emphasizing with and understandingstakeholders, collaborating with them to explore and define problems [23], [24]. They alsoengage the stakeholders in iterative cycles of prototyping, testing, and reflecting to develop andsustain solutions [1]. HCD practices include documenting biases and assumptions, interviewing,identifying themes, communicating ideas, creating low-fidelity prototypes, and developing plansto bring final designs to the market [25], [26
. There are so many different areas of engineering. All require knowledge or background in humanities, math, science. 3. It’s ok to fail 1. Integrating undergraduate programs 2. Scholarships 3. Watching spectific (sic) messages/interactions better to studentsCounselor Surprises about Engineerings 1. Frog reflection 2. Spider dress 3. tube in activity 1. Art instillation as engineering 2. Technology as any human made thing 3. Solution is not always a design 1. Shoes - mechanical eng., textile, biomechanics 2. M&Ms - Industrial Eng. 3. Psych & Engineering - Industrial Eng. 4. Phones contain conflict minerals where other countries fight to have 5. If you prepare for failure you won’t be surprised
. Specific skills developed include computerprogramming in Python, basics of electrical circuits, integrating computer hardware andsoftware, computer networking, and cyber security. Campers were introduced to computingcareers and majors through presentations and guest speakers during the Lunch and Learn time.At the end of the week, teams of campers applied these skills to an Internet of Things-themedCapstone project, which they presented to their peers and parents.Pre- and post-surveys, daily reflections, and structured interviews were collected to establishcontinuous improvements for the program and to further our understanding of how to betterprepare high school students to choose disciplines of study. Triangulation of the multiple sourcessupports