Conference Session

Manufacturing Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert W Simoneau, Keene State College; Megan C Piccus, Springfield Technical Community College; Gary Masciadrelli, Springfield Technical Community College

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

AC 2011-1271: VIRTUAL IDEATION PLATFORM AND ENTREPRENEUR-SHIPRobert W Simoneau, Keene State College Robert W. Simoneau has 39 years of academic and industrial experience in manufacturing related dis- ciplines and plastics engineering specifically in the areas of product design and development. He is currently an Associate Professor at Keene State College in the Management Department. He recently served two years as a Program Director in the Division of Undergraduate Education at the National Sci- ence Foundation. Prior to Keene State College he taught in the Manufacturing Engineering Technology department at Wentworth Institute of Technology (WIT). Before teaching at WIT he gained considerable experience in

Conference Session

Postcard Session: Experiential Learning as a High-Impact Student Experience

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abhijit Nagchaudhuri, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Lei Zhang, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Madhumi Mitra Ph.D., University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Blake Prout, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Mohsin Mehmood; Kalah A. Cross, Morgan State University; Matt Collinge, Johns Hopkins University; Hafeez Temitope Shittu; Habilou Ouro-Koura, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

uncertainties and necessitate the need for a consistent public policy that not onlyresponds to market forces in the present, but rather shapes the market forces for sustainable growthand workforce development needs.“E” of engineering sits in the very middle of the string of letters “STEAM” and is the glue thatintegrates science, technology, agriculture, and mathematics disciplines to provide aninterdisciplinary framework that can not only adapt to rapidly changing technologies, but alsomake creative discoveries that usher in prosperity and growth. Academic leaders and policymakers are looking into the uncertain landscape of the future to forge a vision for engineeringeducation for the coming years [1-4]. Engineering education will need to lay the

Collection

2007 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Nhut Tan Ho

Conceiving — Designing — Implementing— Operating process. The crux of the CDIO Initiative is its Syllabus (see Appendix), astatement of undergraduate engineering education goals; and a set of 12 Standards designed tohelp achieve the goals (see Figure 1 below). The Standards address program philosophy(Standard 1), curriculum development (Standards 2, 3 and 4), design-build experiences andworkspaces (Standards 5 and 6), new methods of teaching and learning (Standards 7 and 8),faculty development (Standards 9 and 10), and assessment and evaluation (Standards 11 and 12).The Syllabus approximately corresponds to EC2000 Criterion 3 of the Accreditation Board forEngineering and Technology (ABET), but is more comprehensive. The Syllabus and Standardswere

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Nikhil K. Kundu

Session 1426 Automated Vehicle Cleansing System A Laboratory Project in Fluid Power Nikhil K. Kundu Purdue UniversityAbstractFluid power plays a major role in the automation industry. Along with programmable logic controllers it belongs tothe forefront of today’s technology. The purpose of this project is to introduce the importance of this industry in thecollege level and train students of mechanical engineering for the challenge they are going to face in

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Monday Cornucopia (Classroom Innovations)

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenn Stroud Rossmann, Lafayette College; Hannah Stewart-Gambino, Lafayette College

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

wellestablished ([3]-[7]). Relying on technological progress to drive or require the social progressthat would make “solutions” widely available has also been shown to be inadequate (e.g. [8-9]). As scholars [10] have written, “Critical analyses and reflections on the design of scienceand technology are essential if societies are to meet their challenges in ways that create realimprovements rather than re-create inequalities.” Meaningfully addressing the GrandChallenges thus requires interdisciplinary collaboration, critical thinking about the potentialand the limitations of engineering design methods, and deep understanding of local socialcontext and larger economic and political systems.Lafayette College began its Grand Challenges Scholars Program

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

P.E., Dr. Henry L. Welch

products as simple as toasters to as complex as theautomobile. Consequently it is becoming more important for engineers, in all fields, to have atleast a passing knowledge of microprocessors and embedded systems. This is no more evidentthan in the curriculums at MSOE. Not only are embedded systems taught throughout thecomputer engineering curriculum (from assembly language in the sophomore year to their role innetworks in their senior year) but they also play a prominent role in the sophomore year of ourelectrical engineering and electrical engineering technology programs as well as service roles inthe mechanical engineering (junior) and mechanincal engineering technology (sophomore)programs. The requires a significant investement in

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Ifte Choudhury

Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, an M. Phil. in Architecture from the Universityof Newcastle-upon-Tyne in England, and a Ph. D. in Architecture from Texas A&M University. Dr.Choudhury has extensive experience as a consulting architect working on projects funded by the WorldBank, Asian Development Bank, and some other Multilateral Development Banks. His areas of emphasisinclude housing, alternative technology, issues related to international construction, and constructioneducation. He teaches Environmental Control Systems at an undergraduate level and InternationalConstruction at a graduate level. Page 7.930.6

Collection

2015 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Hussain AlHassan; Navarun Gupta

, G. Prasad, D. Coyle, and T. McGinnity, "A recurrent quantum neural network model enhances the EEG signal for an improved brain-computer interface," in Assisted Living 2011, IET Seminar on, 2011, pp. 1-6.Hussain AlHassanAlHassan is a PhD candidate in Computer Science & Engineering. He received a diploma inComputer Technical Support from Al-Ahsa College of Technology, Alhassa, Saudi Arabia. HisB.S. is in Computer Science from Western Oregon University (WOU), Monmouth, OR, US, andhis M.S in Computer Science is from Saint Joseph’ s University (SJU), Philadelphia, PA, US.Navarun GuptaDr. Gupta is the Department Chair of electrical engineering, and also holds the position of ChairElect of American Society for Engineering Education

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Judson Singer

& Exposition Copyright © 2001, American Society for Engineering Educationsays founder Johnny Deep. Moreover, AOL does not seem to mind that the fledgling effort is soblatantly dependent on its AIM technology. Barry Schuler, chairman of AOL Time Warner'sonline unit, says of Aimster, "They're not doing anything illegal, and so we'll see where it goes."The structural and institutional barriers which hinder educators from catering to the differentlearning styles of students are falling very fast. Some of theindividual students really enjoy hearing exactly and only music oftheir choosing as they study and work. It is easy for the author tomake music available to them through tapes, compact discs, MP3files, and online

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Ann Maloney, Texas Tech University; Bingbing Li, California State University, Northridge; Meng Zhang, Kansas State University; Weilong Cong, Texas Tech University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

techniques and assessment tools will be utilized toassess and improve engineering education at both the undergraduate and K-12 levels throughvaried techniques: i) undergraduate module lesson plans that are scalable to K-12 levels, ii) shortinformational video lessons created by undergraduates for K-12 students with accompanying in-person mentorship activities at local high schools and MakerSpaces, iii) pre- and post-testassessments of undergraduates’ and K-12 participating students’ AM knowledge, skills, andperceptions of self-efficacy, and iv) focus groups to learn about student concerns/learningchallenges. We will also track students institutionally and into their early careers to learn abouttheir use of AM technology

Conference Session

Engrng Edu;An International Perspective

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Hamid Khan

design lies in the fact that thecourses would follow established design concepts developed by engineering and thatthere would be prime emphasis on standard design procedures and practices. Many ofthese design methods have already been included in handbooks or standard computermethods for various branches of engineering. These courses would require anunderstanding of the application of mathematics and science, for example, to suchactivities as air conditioning systems design, duct design, piping design, amplifier design,computer component and circuit design, plant layout, materials handling operations,and/or civil engineering technology applications such as road design.”Program evaluation in Engineering Technology has just ceased to be input

Conference Session

Manufacturing Curriculum and Course Innovations

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University (Tech.); Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University (Tech.); Richard Chiou, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.)

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Paper ID #19108Interdisciplinary Senior Design Project to Develop a Teaching Tool: ExtruderTutor Plastic Injection Molding MachineDr. Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University (Tech.) Dr. Ertekin received his BS degree in mechanical engineering from Istanbul Technical University. He received MS degree in Production Management from Istanbul University. After working for Chrysler Truck Manufacturing Company in Turkey as a project engineer, he received dual MS degrees in engi- neering management and mechanical engineering from Missouri University of Science and Technology (MS&T), formerly the University of Missouri-Rolla. He

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University; Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University; Andrew Chi, Drexel University; Thomas Hays

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Paper ID #26047Interdisciplinary Senior Design Project to Develop a Retrofit Shock Absorb-ing Go-Kart SeatDr. Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University Dr. Ertekin received his BS degree in mechanical engineering from Istanbul Technical University. He received MS degree in Production Management from Istanbul University. After working for Chrysler Truck Manufacturing Company in Turkey as a project engineer, he received dual MS degrees in engi- neering management and mechanical engineering from Missouri University of Science and Technology (MS&T), formerly the University of Missouri-Rolla. He worked for Toyota Motor Corporation

Conference Session

Web Education I: Delivery and Evaluation

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

J. Mark Pullen

Low-Cost Internet Synchronous Distance Education Using Open-Source Software J. Mark Pullen, Priscilla M. McAndrews School of Information Technology and Engineering, George Mason UniversityAbstractIn the School of Information Technology and Engineering at George Mason University, we haveintegrated a suite of open-source software for teaching simultaneously in the classroom and overthe Internet. The system uses five open-source components from other groups plus a masterclient, live server, and playback server that we have developed. All software is available at nocost to educational users and runs on low-cost Windows or Linux systems. We have presentedabout thirty

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 1: Student Success Boot Camps, Summer Bridge Programs, and Living Learning Communities

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Miriam Howland Cummings, University of Colorado Denver; Maryam Darbeheshti, University of Colorado Denver; Stephanie Ivey, The University of Memphis; Craig Stewart; David Russomanno, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis; Danny King, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis; Katherine Goodman, University of Colorado Denver; James Campbell, The University of Memphis; Tom Altman; Michael Jacobson, University of Colorado Denver; Gregory Simon, University of Colorado Denver

Education.Stephanie S Ivey (Associate Dean for Research)Craig O. StewartDavid J. Russomanno (Dean)Danny King (Director, New Student Academic Advising Center)Katherine Goodman Katherine Goodman is an assistant professor (teaching track) at the University of Colorado Denver. She serves as curriculum lead for Inworks, an interdisciplinary innovation lab within the College of Engineering, Design and Computing. Her research focuses on transformative experiences in engineering education. She is the past division chair of the Technological and Engineering Literacy / Philosophy of Engineering Division (TELPhE).James T. Campbell (Professor)Tom Altman Dr. Tom Altman – Professor Tom Altman received his B.S. degrees in Computer Science and in

Conference Session

ECCD - Technical Session 6 - Energy & Thermodynamics

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Farshid Zabihian, California State University, Sacramento

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Paper ID #31197Teaching Thermodynamics Online: Instructor and Student PerspectivesDr. Farshid Zabihian, California State University, Sacramento Farshid Zabihian, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering California State Uni- versity, Sacramento Education: Ph.D., Mechanical Engineering,Ryerson University, 2011 M.S. Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, 1998 B.S. Mechanical Engineering, Amir Kabir University of Technology, 1996 Authored or coauthored more than 70 papers in Journals and peer-reviewed conferences. American

Conference Session

Design Experiences in Energy Education

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert Mayer

Page 7.109.6energy resource potential. Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2002, American Society for Engineering EducationWhile there many forms of renewable energy in the ocean environ, it is not possible to do justiceto all in such a short paper. I have attempted to give but an overview of the more significantdevelopments and trends. Perhaps, this discussion will stimulate a new (or renewed) interest insuch technologies. If so, readers are encouraged to review the various references at the end ofthis paper, particularly the texts by Charlier and Justus 6 and Seymour 7.Renewable Energy for NSF Diego GarciaThe mission of the NSF Diego

Conference Session

ECE Program Development

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

W. Timothy Holman, Vanderbilt University; Brian David Sierawski, Vanderbilt University; Robert Reed, Vanderbilt University; Robert A. Weller, Vanderbilt University; Andrew L. Sternberg, Vanderbilt University; Rebekah Austin, Vanderbilt University; Daniel M. Fleetwood, Vanderbilt University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Paper ID #10407The Small Satellite (CubeSat) Program as a Pedagogical Framework for theUndergraduate EE CurriculumW. Timothy Holman, Vanderbilt University Tim Holman received the B.S.E.E from the University of Tennessee and the M.S.E.E. and Ph.D.E.E. from the Georgia Institute of Technology. He is a member of the Institute for Space and Defense Electronics, and has held the position of Research Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Vanderbilt University since 2000. He specializes in the areas of low noise / low power analog, mixed-signal, and digital integrated circuit design

Conference Session

Architectural Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charlie Setterfield, Sinclair Community College; Chad R. Bridgman, Sinclair Community College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

space and develop designs to bringthe vacant first-floor space back to productive use. Students worked with professional mentors attheir respective firms to complete their work. The second phase will enlist student help toactually build-out one downtown vacant first-floor space into a move-in-ready, blank canvas fora new tenant.Using a $25,000 Regional Economic Development Grant from Dayton Power & Light, this pilotprogram will produce several measurable outcomes: • Provide real-world experience for student interns (part time employment) in architectural technology and mechanical engineering (HVAC R) at firms which have historically only employed university co ops (full time employment). • Provide opportunities for students

Conference Session

Ocean and Marine Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Buchholz, University of Iowa; Pablo M. Carrica, University of Iowa; Jae-Eun Russell, University of Iowa

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

and Industrial Engineering at The Uni- versity of Iowa. He teaches courses in the area of fluid mechanics, and is an active researcher in hydro- dynamics of surface and underwater vehicles, working on bubbly wakes, cavitation and maneuvering and seakeeping. His research team develops the computational naval hydrodynamics code REX.Dr. Jae-Eun Russell, University of Iowa Dr. Russell serves as the Associate Director for the Office of Teaching, Learning & Technology at the University of Iowa. She completed her Ph.D. in Educational Psychology from the University of Iowa. Her research focus examined instructional practices that support successful student learning. Her research also involves autonomous motivation

Conference Session

Laboratory Applications of Computers

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abul K. M. Azad, Northern Illinois University; Pramod P. Kaushik, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Paper ID #8992Developing Control Experiments as a part of a Remote Laboratory FacilityDr. Abul K. M. Azad, Northern Illinois University Abul K. M. Azad is a Professor with the Technology Department of Northern Illinois University. He has a Ph.D. in Control and Systems Engineering and M.Sc. and B.Sc. in Electronics Engineering. He has been in academics for 15+ years, and his research interests include remote laboratories, mechatronic systems, mobile robotics, and educational research. In these areas, Dr. Azad has over 100 refereed journal and conference papers, edited books, and book chapters. So far, he has attracted

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathleen Meehan, University of Glasgow; Andrew Phillips, University of Glasgow; Duncan J Bremner, University of Glasgow; Katy Phillips, University of Glasgow

Tagged Divisions

International

Paper ID #14647Overseas Immersion Program: Solid-State Lighting in Two WeeksDr. Kathleen Meehan, University of Glasgow Kathleen Meehan earned her B.S. in electrical engineering from Manhattan College and her M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Illinois under the supervision of Prof. Nick Holonyak, Jr. She worked as a member of technical staff at Lytel, Inc., following graduation. At Polaroid, she was appointed a Senior Research Group Leader, responsible for the design of laser diodes and arrays. After leaving Polaroid, she was employed at Biocontrol Technology. She moved into academia full-time in 1997 and worked at

Conference Session

Technical Session 4: Modulus Topics 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Magesh Chandramouli, Purdue University Northwest

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Paper ID #27693Desktop and Augmented VR for Delivering Materials for Graphics Modelingand Animation CoursesDr. Magesh Chandramouli, Purdue University Northwest Dr. Chandramouli is an Associate Professor of Computer Graphics Technology in Purdue University Northwest. Dr. Chandramouli has been invited to deliver keynote speeches and guest lectures in various countries around the world. Formerly a Frederick Andrews Fellow at Purdue University, West Lafayette, he completed his doctoral studies from the Department of Computer Graphics Technology. He completed Master of Engineering at the National University of Singapore and

Conference Session

Concurrent Paper Tracks Session I Curriculum

Collection

2016 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Mitchell L Springer PMP, SPHR, SHRM-SCP, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kari L. Clase, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Lauren Ann Terruso, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

International Forum

certified as a Project Management Professional (PMP), Senior Professional in Human Resources (SPHR & SHRM-SCP), in Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR), and, in civil and domestic mediation. He is a State of Indiana Registered domestic mediator.Dr. Kari L. Clase, Purdue University, West Lafayette Kari Clase is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology Leadership and Innovation in the Polytechnic Institute and the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering in the College of Agriculture at Purdue University. Dr. Clase is also the Director of the Biotechnology Innovation and Regulatory Science (BIRS) Center. The mission of the BIRS Center is to develop global programs to ensure sustainable access

Conference Session

Virtual and Augmented Reality Application in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Chiou, Drexel University; Isher Singh; Arjuna Karthikeyan Senthilvel Kavitha, Drexel University; Tzu-liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas at El Paso; Md Fashiar Rahman, University of Texas at El Paso; Nijanthan Vasudevan, Drexel University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing Division (MFG)

, Manufacturing and Systems Engineering (IMSE) Department at The University of Texas at El Paso. He holds a Ph.D. degree in Computational Science Program. He has years of research experience in different projects in the field of image data mining, machine learning, deep learning, and computer simulation for industrial and healthcare applications. In addition, Dr. Rahman has taught various engineering courses in industrial and manufacturing engineering. His research area covers advanced quality technology, AI application in smart manufacturing, health care applications, computational intelligence/data analytics, and decision support systems.Nijanthan Vasudevan, Drexel University ©American Society for

Collection

2007 St.Lawrence Section Meeting

Authors

Zachary Bensusan; Leslie Gregg; William Leonard

Product Design class in the MechanicalEngineering Technology major at Rochester Institute of Technology utilizes this educationalpractice to supply students with real-world experience. Through this experimental process,multiple benefits are discovered, along with several pitfalls, which will serve to educate studentswho may encounter similar experiences as they progress through their engineering education.This report addresses these benefits and pitfalls as well as proposes methods with which tocombat such problems encountered throughout the process.introductionThe product design curriculum in the Mechanical Engineering Technology major is comprised ofa series of three classes that are intended to walk the students through the entire process from

Conference Session

K-12 Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Ronald Rorrer; Richard Sanders; Daniel Knight

Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright ©2005, American Society for Engineering Education”IntroductionThe shortage of engineering, science, and mathematics students in our nation’s colleges anduniversities requires attracting students to science and technology programs that have nothistorically been attracted to such programs [1]. Over the past 50 years these fields havepredominately recruited students that have had an inherent interest in the fields, but one couldalso submit that there also existed a national fervor for science fueled by the momentum fromWorld War II and the space race. After 50 years this momentum has dissipated [2]. Thepercentage of science and engineering graduates relative to the total number

Collection

2022 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Ahm E. Rahman, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, The Capital College; Anil Chandra Attaluri, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, The Capital College; Amit Banerjee; Brian A. Maicke, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, The Capital College

Paper ID #36213Enhancing Understanding of Mechanics Courses using FEA Active LearningModulesDr. AHM E. Rahman, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, The Capital College Dr. Rahman is an assistant professor in the department of Mechanical Engineering. He obtained his PhD from the University of North Dakota. His research interests include Nano MMC, Light Alloy Technology, Physical Metallurgy, Joining of Alloys, Structural Ceramics and Bioceramics.Anil Chandra Attaluri, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, The Capital College Anilchandra Attaluri received the Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering with a focus on

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division (CIP) Technical Session 2

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tim Dallas, Texas Tech University; Heather Greenhalgh-Spencer, Texas Tech University; Kelli M. Frias, American University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships Division (CIP)

Paper ID #39244Recruiting and Retaining a Diverse S-STEM ProgramDr. Tim Dallas, Texas Tech University Tim Dallas is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Texas Tech University. Dr. Dallas’ research includes MEMS, solar energy, and educational technologies for deployment to under-served regions of the world.Dr. Heather Greenhalgh-Spencer, Texas Tech University Heather Greenhalgh-Spencer, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Curriculum and In- struction at Texas Tech University, as well as the Associate Chair of the department. Her research emerges at the intersection of Educational

Conference Session

Graduate Student Experiences

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rajesh Bachu, University of Bridgeport; Deepak S. Deepawale, University of Bridgeport; Buket Barkana, University of Bridgeport; Lawrence Hmurcik, University of Bridgeport

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

240 case entries, including 14 appearances in Court and Legal Depositions. Dr. Hmurcik's interests have changed over the years: starting in Solar Cell technology in 1977, Dr. hmurcik is currently pursuing work in Medical Electronics and Electric Safety. Page 13.176.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 An Evaluation of Indian International Graduate Students’ Expectations and ExperiencesAbstractThis research analyzes the expectations and experiences of international graduatestudents who study at American universities. More specifically, the aim of this study is tofind the