Collection

2018 ASEE Zone IV Conference

Authors

Nebojsa I Jaksic P.E., Colorado State University, Pueblo; Trung H Duong, Colorado State University, Pueblo

(other student comments on computer technologies in the lab), most of the studentsreiterated that they loved the lab and even wanted to spend more time programming morecomplicated robotic tasks. Some of them wanted to include the robot in their senior projects, andone of them provided an advice to “make sure that industrial engineering and mechatronicsstudents partner in all labs.”Self-reflection Statements. Students’ self-reflection statements are used as another instrument inassessing and evaluating their attitudes and perceptions. While actual labs and lab reports are donein pairs, the sections on self-reflections are written individually. Self-reflections “close the loop”in completing experiential learning experience. In this case, the self

Collection

2018 ASEE Zone IV Conference

Authors

Odon M Musimbi, Metropolitan State University of Denver; Jean Paul Mulanza, University of Kinshasa

. The goal of this paper toshare how the usage of a simple tool to perform advanced operations can improve or facilitatethe learning process of students in Mechanical Engineering. In the summer of 2014 and 2015, 84 students were enrolled in these courses. Studentsworked in teams of five to six and were assigned team projects. Courses taught includedManufacturing I, Manufacturing II and Heat Transfer. In Manufacturing I, the topics coveredincluded a description of tool machines as the main material removal process in industry, tooland machine selection and precision measurement with calipers and micrometers. InManufacturing II, the focus was on production planning, standard operating procedures, andgeometric and dimensional tolerancing. A

Conference Session

Graduate Recruitment and Retention

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anahita Zarei, University of the Pacific; Rick Hutley, University of the Pacific

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

years p-value 0.442necessarily translated to a higher GPA. The Data Science program comprises a diverse set ofcourses some of which include mastery of soft skills such as project presentation and storytelling.Many students who had longer gap years were indeed seasoned professionals in their respectivefields and thus had the opportunity to master such skills. Therefore, they performed very well oncourses that assessed these skills, which improved their overall GPA.Data ClusteringWe applied fuzzy c-means (FCM) [2] clustering to identify “similar” groups of students based onincoming GPA, level of math competency, and their success in the program as reflected by theirprogram GPA. The purpose of

Conference Session

Learning Outcomes and Pedagogical Strategies: Problems of Alignment

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Melnyk, United States Military Academy; Brian J. Novoselich, United States Military Academy; Gregory Martin Freisinger, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

disciplines, the goal for thispaper was to explore documents related to other engineering programs or colleges. Thesedocuments are slightly more difficult to obtain as open sources, so the analysis was limited tothose institutions or programs that readily publish strategic or guiding documents. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology outlines their campaign priorities in severalareas to include the health of the planet, human health innovation and entrepreneurship, andteaching and learning. This last area is of concern for this study. The document explicitly usesthe term ‘pedagogical’ while referring to “experiential learning” [11]. The website alsodiscusses a seminar workshop where freshman students conduct a project that is linked to

Conference Session

ET Pedagogy II

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Garth V. Crosby, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

workin pairs. The online group utilized webcams and video conferencing software to collaborate withtheir lab partners. In this paper, we present the findings of this study with respect to theaforementioned research questions. We also compare the performance of both groups.INTRODUCTION In academia and industry, online learning has become very popular1,2. There are variouseducational research projects that have demonstrated the pedagogical effectiveness of onlinelearning. The Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) academia has alsodemonstrated through prior research and projects that lab activities can be delivered online3-11.However, very few lab-intensive STEM programs are offered in their entirety online. To

Conference Session

IED Technical Session: Preparing Programs for the Future

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kate D. Abel, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

Engineer, Project Engineer, and SystemIntegration Engineer; as well as positions such as Production Engineer, OperationsManager, Project Manager, Reliability Engineer, Quality Engineer, Process Analyst,Supply Chain Analyst and Consultant.The University of Colorado at Colorado Springs performed an analysis in 2016 todetermine the market demand for an Industrial and Systems Engineering bachelorsdegree. 10 Their report highlights benchmarking that is comparative to what is reportedhere. For example, the report highlights an 86% growth in ISE enrollments at RIT in thelast five years, which is demonstration of the Bureau of Labor Statistics prediction.Additionally, a recommendation from the report was to “consider specializations inHealth systems and

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julanne K. McCulley, Weber State University

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

Department for the College of Applied Science and Technology at Weber State University. She is the Faculty Advisor for the Weber State University Section of the Society of Women Engineers and a member of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE). McCulley is a board member of the CAPA and SPARKS National Science Foundation project with five years of service. She has more than 20 years’ experience working in industry as a project engineer specializing in automation and controls engineering. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 AAS Controls Technology Stackable Degree Education Requirements for Employees at Highly Automated

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

D. Blake Stringer, Kent State University; Dakota William Bunner; Robert William Winkler

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

Stealth Bomber. This was a major shift from the 5-year average of high-profile programs such as the Saturn V rocket, the intercontinental ballisticmissile, and the Manhattan Project (atom bomb). Furthermore, several recent high-profiledevelopment programs have been cancelled at extremely high cost, such as the Comanchehelicopter ($5.9B), VH-71 Presidential helicopter ($3.3B), and the U.S. Army’s Future CombatSystems ($20B). An understanding of risk and decision-making should play a significant roleduring capstone design so that students develop a solid understanding of their consequences.Risk can be expressed as a function of uncertainty and knowledge and how they interact. Asseen qualitatively in Figure 1, knowledge and risk have an inverse

Conference Session

Active Learning Methods in Action

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Ray Morelock, Virginia Tech; Holly M. Matusovich, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

design and implementation. She is/was PI/Co-PI on 10 funded research projects including a CAREER grant. She has won several Virginia Tech awards including a Dean’s Award for Outstanding New Faculty. Her research expertise includes using motivation and related frameworks to study student engagement in learning, recruitment and retention in engineering programs and careers, faculty teaching practices and intersections of motivation and learning strategies. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 All Games Are Not Created Equally: Differences in How Games Contribute to Learning in EngineeringAbstractReviews of game-based learning literature treat games as a unified

Conference Session

Engineering/Engineering Technolgy Transfer Issues: Two-year College to Four-year College

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Sinclair Curtis, University of California, Davis; Beth Frances Broome Broome; Cynthia Murphy-Ortega, Chevron Corporation

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College

engineering, maintenance, oper- ations, financial, business planning and process safety management positions within the refinery. Cynthia then went on to work in the technology arena with the Chevron Energy Technology Company in 1998. She developed and managed Chevron’s technical competency development programs for new hires in refining and exploration & production roles. She also worked in the Process Planning Group and performed pro- cess modeling on large-scale projects. In her role as Organizational Capability Manager with the Process, Analytical and Catalysis Dept, she supported technical competency management, staffing/recruitment, new hire and competency development, and business planning. Cynthia

Conference Session

Ocean and Marine Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas R. Consi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Jocelyn Frances Lorrey, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Michelle Kornberg, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

the capabilities of thevehicle through the incorporation of new sensors and actuators. We present the design of theflight recorder and our first experience using it in an educational program. We also present thedesign of the onboard computer system.IntroductionEver since the publication of their little yellow book “Build Your Own Underwater Robot andOther Wet Projects” by Harry Bohm and Vicki Jensen [Westcoast Words, Vancouver, BC]thousands of students have built and flown Sea Perch remotely operated vehicles (ROVs)(www.seaperch.org). Made of PVC pipe, toy motors, switches, and other low-cost easilyobtained parts, the Sea Perch has provided students with hands-on experience in marine roboticsand introduced them to basic concepts in ocean

Conference Session

Maps, Metaphors, Tweets, and Drafts

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Caroline Carvill, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Anneliese Watt, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

rhetorical analysis. In aprior paper, we provided a rhetorical analysis of Donald Trump’s twitter feed during three timeperiods: while he was campaigning for the primary nomination, after he received it and wasPresident-elect, and once he became president [5].Using short examples of rhetorical devices can foreground classical rhetoric used in public waysin an attempt to influence policy. Throughout their career at Rose-Hulman (and later during theircareers as engineers, scientists, and mathematicians), students serve on numerous teamsproposing solutions to problems. As part of their analysis, they must also use the same lessonson a larger scale. What change will this project effect? What audiences are you addressing andwhat attitudes, biases, and

Conference Session

Division for Experimentation & Lab-oriented Studies Technical Session 4

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Michael Delaney, University of Portland; Heather Dillon, University of Portland; Joseph P. Hoffbeck, University of Portland

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies

in a prior paper [1]. The second moduleintroduces the same equipment to a circuits laboratory that is required for mechanicalengineering students and adds a Wheatstone bridge circuit that students build. This cross-curriculum laboratory module is part of a larger effort by faculty and students to enhance theentire laboratory curriculum and learning experience for mechanical engineers. Thisenhancement includes the following facets: 1. Improve and modernize the technical skills acquired by students in laboratory courses. 2. Thoughtfully incorporate developmental skills, such as teamwork and communication, which are important for engineers.The overall goal of the project is to improve how engineering students learn particular

Conference Session

Division for Experimentation & Lab-oriented Studies Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harry Courtney Powell, University of Virginia; Brian Hayt, National Instruments

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies

and format illustrated above. • A design project, currently in process, in which students design a simple power flow measurement device, i.e., measure real and reactive power as well as the direction of power flow. Students will be graded on the thoroughness and effectiveness of their designs as well as a written report. • A final presentation on a micro-grid related topic of the student’s choice. Students are expected to produce a tutorial – not survey- on their chosen topics. Among the current topics being presented on are: o The Feasibility of Electric Vehicle Charging in Microgrids o Microgrid StabilityWe expect to use these modes of evaluation as well as student responses to

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samarth Gupta, Purdue University; Greg J. Strimel, Purdue Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

to explain the differences innew Lean-based experimental approach to entrepreneurship. However, the big limitation to thisresearch appears to be the case-study based approach which limits external validity. The authorintegrates an important aspect of failure which was traditionally viewed as end of a startup (andby extension the end of a research project), however this has changed with new experimentalapproaches that allow investigators to document failure as the premise of learning process 12.This may be useful for Principal Investigators (PIs) sourcing private investment in funding forresearch projects. A useful link to Stone and Lane 9 who advocate the use of prior-to-grantassessment as a means for translating knowledge to viable

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nestor L. Osorio, Northern Illinois University; Daniela Solomon, Case Western Reserve University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

place at the University of Texas,Austin. Also collected from the conference programs were other sections in the ELD programssuch as unconferences, workshops, open forums, tours, and panel sessions.Once the ELD conference programs were located, every entry corresponding to Papers Sessionsand Poster Sessions was searched in the Ei Compendex database, one of the major engineeringbibliographic databases. Ei Compendex was selected for this project because it has a goodcoverage of engineering education field and because it is one of the few databases that indexesarticles of the proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE). Wedecided to use the descriptive metadata assigned to the documents found in this index. Thefollowing

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Omaima Almatrafi, George Mason University; Aditya Johri, George Mason University; Huzefa Rangwala; Jaime Lester, George Mason University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

students in the engineering enrollments. Also, as inprevious studies, most migration out of discipline occurs in the first two years ofenrollment. We also found that among enrolled students, a large number of engineeringstudents (almost 20%) have not declared a major some until later in their studies.1. IntroductionScience, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) professionals are needed morethan ever; based on economic projections the nation may suffer from a workforce deficit inthese majors if college graduation rates remain the same (Olson & Riordan, 2012). Highereducation, at the same time, and STEM fields, in particular, are aware of this issue andcontinue to identify ways to increase the number of STEM degrees graduates

Conference Session

Pre-college Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Miancheng Guo, University of Massachusetts; Martina Nieswandt, University of Massachusetts; Elizabeth McEneaney, University of Massachusetts

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

motivation, affects and learning associated with K-16 science concepts and various instructional contexts (e.g., small groups, project-based learning) utilizing mixed-methods approaches.Dr. Elizabeth McEneaney, University of Massachusetts Dr. McEneaney is Associate Professor in the Department of Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies at the University of Massachusetts - Amherst. She is a former high school mathematics and science teacher, and earned a Ph.D. in Sociology from Stanford University. An associate editor for the Journal of Curriculum Studies, she has research interests in equity and access to STEM Education, and the influence of globalization on STEM curricula. c American Society

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paran Rebekah Norton, Clemson University; Karen A. High, Clemson University; William Bridges, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

daily Homework-12% assignments (short Free response Attendance- 3%(2003-2005) quizzes, assigned Final Exam- 25%Calculus 5th Edition problems, short(Stewart 2002) writing assignments, No additional problem passing conditions presentations, or projects)SCALE-UP (2006-2013)The SCALE-UP (student centered activities for large enrollment undergraduate programs)instructional model was implemented in Fall 2006. This method encourages active learning andminimizes lecture time in the classroom. Beichner et al. (2007

Conference Session

Getting Into Graduate School

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katy Luchini-Colbry, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Student

that students often feel as they try tomake a final decision about which graduate program is the best option.In the end, the best choice is often the graduate program that “feels right” to the student: theplace where they found multiple connections and diverse opportunities, with strong support foryour academic, personal and financial goals. When faced with a choice between the “perfect”research project and the “perfect” faculty advisor, it is wise to remember that the mentoringrelationship is critical to success in graduate school – while projects come and go, the support ofa good mentor can have a much longer impact on your academic and professional success.References[1] “How to Make the Final Grad School Enrollment Decision | Applying to

Conference Session

Military and Veterans Division Technical Session 2: Veteran Identity & Inclusion

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alyson Grace Eggleston, The Citadel; Robert J. Rabb P.E., The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Military and Veterans

classmates.Exposure to technical manuals is also key. Veteran engineering students often are quiteknowledgeable in using technical manuals, and can be a great classroom support for evaluatingthe efficacy of selected technical manuals. The resulting project includes a brief report, andveterans often model prior knowledge regarding the motivations for TM design decisions for thebenefit of non-veteran students.A comparison of veteran and non-veteran performance in the TWC course showed that theveterans outperformed non-veterans in the same course. This result is unsurprising; however, thequantitative difference was larger than expected. A comparison of Citadel veteran engineeringgrades in TWC classes across four semesters shows an average GPA of 3.8 on a 4.0

Conference Session

EDGD: Assessment & Student Learning

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Delson, University of California, San Diego; Lelli Van Den Einde, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Paper ID #23172Sketching, Assessment, and Persistence in Spatial Visualization Training Ona TouchscreenProf. Nathan Delson, University of California, San Diego Nathan Delson’s interests include mechatronics, biomedical devices, human-machine interfaces, and en- gineering education. He isCo-founder and Past President of Coactive Drive Corp., which develops novel actuators and control methods for use in force feedback human interfaces. Medical device projects include an instrumented mannequin and laryngoscope for expert skill acquisition and airway intubation training. He received his undergraduate degree in mechanical

Conference Session

Active learning in BME, Session II

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian P. Helmke, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

theirpreferred portfolio based on the higher grade of the two.In a typical learning cycle surrounding a class session, students were assigned a textbook readingto complete before class. The class session consisted of alternating periods (averaging 10-15min) of interactive lecture and student work time. Interactive lectures clarified and reinforcedfoundational knowledge and its application from the reading assignments, and students wereexpected to respond to questions about the reading, to fill in connections to previous classmaterial, and/or to volunteer examples from their own experiences (in other classes, internships,research projects, etc.). Student work time enabled students to work on concept questions,practice problems, and homework problems

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division - Visualization and Mathematics

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey A. Davis, Grant MacEwan University; Shelley Lorimer P.Eng., Grant MacEwan University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs, Mathematics

Paper ID #21855Student performance on drawing Free Body Diagrams and the effect on Prob-lem SolvingDr. Jeffrey A Davis P.Eng., Grant MacEwan University Dr Davis obtained his PhD at ETH Zurich specializing in numerical simulation of multiphase flow. With a passion for teaching, Dr. Davis’ research focuses on pedagogical topics such as student engagement, active learning, and cognitive development. Projects he is currently working on include ”Development of a risk assessment model for the retention of students”, ”Development of Student Assessment Software”, and ”Improving Student Engagement through Active Learning”.Dr

Conference Session

Manufacturing Curriculum and Course Innovations

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zareena Gani, ADMC, Higher Colleges of Technology, UAE; Sangarappillai Sivaloganathan, United Arab Emirates University; sajeev karai, Higher Colleges of Technology; Huned Bohari Bohari, HCT

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

characteristics ofmachining, cutting parameters, tool life, surface quality and cutting fluid, with CNCprogramming, 3D printing thorough this “Learning-by-Doing” approach helped the students togain hands-on skills, retain theoretical knowledge and apply what they learnt in the classrooms atwork. It is evident from the assessment analysis that the knowledge retention had a significantimprovement using this approach. In addition to it, this approach has let the students learn thebasics of design of experiments for further scientific research. Students who learnt through thisapproach seemed more confident and used the workshop facilities independently for thefabrication part of their design project as well. 95% of the students enrolled for theManufacturing

Conference Session

Mechanics Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yufeng Hu P.E., Western Michigan University; Javier Martin Montefort P.E., Western Michigan University; Matthew Cavalli P.E., Western Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

insubsequent courses.The pressing need to reform the teaching and learning Statics has been established in the pastdecades. To enhance teaching and student learning in Statics, researchers at various institutionshave explored various methods for teaching Statics, such as developing concept map andquantifying students’ conceptual understanding [1, 2, 3], developing on-line homework orlearning modules [4, 5], peer-led-team-learning [6, 7], project-based learning [8], emporium-based course delivery [9], etc. Among them, the flipped-classroom method [10, 11, 12] hasbecome popular in the recent years. In a flipped classroom, the class time is devoted to guidedinstruction where students work through problems with the instructor present to provideassistance

Conference Session

College-Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arezou Harraf, Box Hill College Kuwait; Yuetong Lin, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Worldwide ; A. Mehran Shahhosseini, Indiana State University

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

-Riddle Aeronautical University, Worldwide in September 2016 as an associate professor in the Department of Engineering and Technology.Dr. Ali Mehran Shahhosseini, Indiana State University A. Mehran Shahhosseini is an Associate Professor in the Department of Applied Engineering and Tech- nology Management at Indiana State University. He has published over 45 articles in different journals and conference proceedings. He has served as an investigator for research projects sponsored by National Science Foundation, Ford Motor Company, and the US Army. Before working at Indiana State Univer- sity, he was a faculty in the University of Louisville for 10 years. He also has over four years of industrial experience. He received

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Ahmad, Louisiana Community and Technical College System-MEPOL; Willie Eugene Smith Sr., Louisiana Community and Technical College System

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

of Cen- tral Florida. Dr. Ahmad has diverse expertise in human-computer interaction, quality engineering, and simulating manufacturing systems. Ali worked on projects related to transfer of training, user-centered design, process improvement, and virtual environments. Dr. Ahmad is a Certified Simulation Analyst and a Certified Six Sigma Black Belt.Dr. Willie Eugene Smith Sr., Louisiana Community and Technical College System Dr. Willie E. Smith has been working in the Louisiana Community & Technical College System (LCTCS) and colleges for the past 18 years. He currently serves as Vice President for Training and Business Part- nerships for LCTCS, and Acting Director for Baton Rouge Community College (BRCC). Most

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandip Das, Kennesaw State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

, semiconductor thin-films and nanocrystals for pho- tonic and optoelectronic devices, hybrid piezo and triboelectric energy harvesting devices, applied elec- tronics for measurement and instrumentation, and development of technology enhanced teaching tools and pedagogical framework for improved engineering education. Dr. Das has published more than 20 research articles in international journals and conference proceedings. He has designed and developed various hands-on teaching and learning tools for electrical engineering students. Dr. Das has lead several research projects as a Principal Investigator and has been funded by the Office of Undergraduate Re- search, Office of the Vice President for Research at KSU, and the U.S

Conference Session

Engaging Students with Creativity and Innovation

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alison Henry, University of Alberta; Lucinda Johnston, University of Alberta

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

gone on to win prizes. Entries come from across allfaculties, and often showcase photographs taken in a range of settings: in the city, in nationalparks, in the arctic, in the desert and even in space. However, there is no requirement that theentry be a photograph. Submissions have also included other forms of digitally created visualrepresentations of student work.Certain types of research projects, such as work with vulnerable populations or wildlife cameras,don’t allow for high-resolution photography. Graduate students have shown exceptionalcreativity in finding ways to create, combine or enhance images to convey the essence of theirwork. However, after several entries had to be disqualified for lack of compliance with thetechnical