Conference Session

The Nature of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Session 4

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William A. Kline, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; William D. Schindel, ICTT System Sciences

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

, innovation regulation, and other aspects. Skilled or not, individual innovators and teams operate within the System of Innovation. An innovator skilled at the highest levels will understand how to play the game effectively within the System of Innovation. A particular System of Innovation need not be based on the Innovation Competencies, but we argue that the more effective ones (even in the natural world) are. The System of Innovation includes the (optional) ability to represent (model) the Innovated System. So, models of System 1 may, but need not, appear inside the models of System 3, and 2. Likewise, we are interested in educating future innovators about the System of Innovation itself, and encouraging their reflection on

Conference Session

Diversity Redefined: Nontraditional Views in Traditional Environments

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kendra Woodberry Brinkley, Virginia Commonwealth University; Falcon Rankins, Virginia Commonwealth University; Stevara Clinton, Virginia Commonwealth University Department of Chemistry; Rosalyn Hobson Hargraves, Virginia Commonwealth University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Page 24.5.3students.(15) Our research focuses on this university’s journey to transform the on-campusprogram to a totally virtual experience. Students who participated in both the online program andon-campus programs were interviewed. The 30 minute interviews were recorded and latertranscribed to evaluate if there are any reoccurring themes between the two groups of students.Students who participated in the online summer bridge program are currently freshman studentsenrolled in STEM fields, while those who participated in the on-campus program are upperclassmen and are reflecting on their freshman experience at the university. Researchers alsocompared the students’ academic achievement in their freshman math and chemistry courses.Finally

Conference Session

Student Learning, Problem Solving, & Critical Thinking 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peggy C. Boylan-Ashraf, Stanford University; Steven A. Freeman, Iowa State University; Mack Shelley, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Engineering EducationThe different roles assumed by faculty members reflect the type of curriculum used in theengineering classrooms. Some instructors enjoy the authoritarian stance and provide students thetraditional education 38. In the traditional education format students are told what they areexpected to know and concepts are presented deductively 10,16. Other instructors become toolaissez-faire and become a silent member of the classroom or mainly an observer—whereinstruction primarily allows students to grow and learn on their own with little or no extrinsichelp 25.The role of the instructor in the classroom for course development in engineering educationcannot be divorced from the understanding of theories of learning and the effectiveness of

Conference Session

Mentoring Minorities: Effective Programs, Practices, and Perspectives

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert G. Ryan, California State University, Northridge; Nathan Durdella, California State University, Northridge; Teodoro Navarro

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Engineering Education, 2014 A Case Study of Success: Mentoring and Supporting Under-Represented Transfer Students in a Mechanical Engineering ProgramAbstractCalifornia State University, Northridge (CSUN), like many large urban institutions, has a verydiverse student body. This diversity is not only reflected in ethnic and racial differences, but alsoin the students’ educational backgrounds. Our institution enrolls a large number of transferstudents, mostly from community colleges in California. These students face a number ofchallenges, including the adjustment to a new learning environment, issues related to transfercredits, and the necessity of taking additional courses to complete lower

Conference Session

Laboratory Experiences with Mechanical, Materials and Fluid Systems

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bijan Sepahpour, The College of New Jersey

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

essentially adaptations of the R. R. Moore Industrial FatigueTesting Machines which cost in excess of $150,000. The goal is to produce an affordable and afully functional version of the apparatus that produces dependable results. The time factor forconducting fatigue testing in an educational environment has been incorporated in the designprocess. The process for the design of the apparatus, its subsystems, and the features ofcomponents are discussed. The results of two sets of tests conducted on two different materialsare presented. Summary of an assessment reflecting on the positive educational outcomes due tothe use of the EFTM is shared with the engineering community.I- IntroductionLaboratory experimentation is a critical final link for a

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claire Yu Yan P.Eng., University of British Columbia; Vladan Prodanovic P.Eng., University of British Columbia, Okanagan; Ray Taheri

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

effectiveness of using simulation tools indesign. Students were required to design a steel truss bridge to carry a two-lane highway across ariver. The software West Point Bridge Designer™ [11] was given to students for generating andevaluating their design ideas. In addition, students were required to perform detailed calculationsand analyses. Discussion and reflection on their learning in a team environment throughout thisproject were emphasized. At the end of the project, students were required to give oralpresentations and submit complete design reports. Figure 3 shows a student presentation. Page 24.506.5 Figure 2: APSC 260 project: hovercraft

Conference Session

FPD 10: Teamwork

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura K Alford, University of Michigan; Robin Fowler, University of Michigan; Stephanie Sheffield, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

to together develop a sharedunderstanding of and solution for an ill-structured problem.4 Teachers are redefined as coacheshelping students work toward a set of possible open-ended solutions, and students take someownership of their own learning through reflection. Typically, students learn about team skills inaddition to the course content. Engeström5 identified three stages characteristic of collaborativelearning. In his view, for learning to be truly collaborative, students must (a) work towards ashared problem definition, (b) cooperate to solve the problem, and (c) then engage in reflectivecommunication, reconceptualizing the process. Similarly, Johnson et al.6 argue that there arefive basic elements critical for cooperative work to be

Conference Session

Improving Introductory Experiences in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gladis Chávez-Torrejón, Universidad de las Americas Puebla; Silvia Husted, Universidad de las Americas Puebla; Nelly Ramirez-Corona, Universidad de las Americas Puebla; Aurelio Lopez-Malo, Universidad de las Americas Puebla; Enrique Palou, Universidad de las Americas Puebla

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

. Page 24.625.6 Figure 2. Introduction to Chemical, Food, and Environmental Engineering Design course structure“Concepts” introduce students to the engineering design process, problem-solving techniques,working in teams, engineering as a profession, and planning for success that students then applyin “Laboratory” on two actual design projects. Students were organized into multidisciplinaryteams of three to four members; the group had a total of thirty-eight students (15 male).The “Concepts” section uses quizzes given in nearly every session to ascertain whether studentshave understood the material in their pre-class reading assignments. In addition, we encouragestudents to write brief reflective journal entries to further solidify and

Conference Session

Teaching Communication I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald S Harichandran, University of New Haven; David J Adams, Technical Communications Consultant; Michael A. Collura, University of New Haven; Nadiye O. Erdil, University of New Haven; W. David Harding, University of New Haven; Jean Nocito-Gobel, University of New Haven; Amy Thompson, University of New Haven

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

required when addressing the reader’s questions/concerns in a technical memocompared with a research paper. The PITCH outcomes (see Table 1) addressed in this course are1a, 2b, 2c and 2d. Feedback from the initial two non-graded PITCH assignments in fall 2013 was used todevelop a general advice table, outlining common mistakes made by students. Examples areprovided to illustrate these mistakes and how to correct them. The usefulness of the advice tableis limited if it does not reflect the mistakes made by the students taking the course. Thus, it isexpected that the table will change and expand with subsequent offerings of the course. Somefaculty voiced concern that students may not read a multipage table. Thus, in addition, a one-page advice

Conference Session

Principles of K-12 Engineering Education and Practice

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica E Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ming-Chien Hsu, Purdue University, West Lafayette; George D Ricco, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

. However,reflective practice that involves conceptual understanding of the design space and problemsnecessitate the practice of design.Research QuestionsThe focus of this paper is to look at differences across 2nd ,3rd,,and 4th graders’ understanding ofdesign. We ask the following questions: Are there discernible differences in elementary students of different grade levels’ understanding of the engineering design process? If so, what are these differences?If we are able to identify specific differences between different grade levels’ understanding ofdesign, this can help us to imagine an engineering design learning progression where we mightfocus on one aspect of the engineering design process in 2nd grade, a different aspect of

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suzanne W. Scott, The Petroleum Institute; Jamal Sheikh-Ahmad, The Petroleum Institute; Jaby Mohammed, Petroleum Institute; Samuel N. Cubero Jr., The Petroleum Institute; Khalid Abdalla Alhammadi, The Petroleum Institute

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

students only) Final presentation I/T 5 Final report T 30 Project portfolio T 5Weekly project reviews are shown above to reflect only 10% of the total grade but these reviewsactually highly influenced the teams’ total scores in many ways. During these reviews the teamswere required to demonstrate time, task and personnel management through the use of projectmanagement tools, specifically a Work Breakdown Structure, Gantt chart, and a LinearResponsibility Chart. Project progress had to be demonstrated through a live demonstration of aPercentage Complete Matrix. In addition to the

Conference Session

Classroom Management

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ralph Ocon, Purdue University Calumet

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

Opportunities for Success Employees 3. Take Personal Interest in Each 3. Deal with Employee Performance Employee Problems Immediately 4. Establish a Climate of Open 4. Coach Employees for Peak Communication with Employees PerformanceConsiderationa. As applied to leadership, the Ohio State model describes Consideration as thedimension that reflects a leader’s interpersonal relationship with subordinates.Consideration is characterized by mutual trust, respect for his/her employees, andconsideration of their feelings.b. As applied to teaching, the author describes Consideration as the dimension thatreflects a teacher’s interpersonal relationship with students

Conference Session

Choice and Persistence in Engineering Education and Careers

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beth A. Myers, University of Colorado Boulder; Jacquelyn F. Sullivan, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

: Beginning to Quantify the Pool of Engineering-Eligible Prospective Students through a Survey of Access PracticesMotivationTo educate the number of engineers necessary to meet demand and propel our nation’scompetitiveness, as well as to continuously populate an engineering workforce reflective of therich diversity of our nation, we must engage people from backgrounds historicallyunderrepresented in engineering—especially women and minorities. Compelling drivers forincreasing the number and diversity of engineers have been promoted by the National Academyof Engineering (NAE)1, the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the current U.S. president 2-3 ; however, the representation of women and people from racial minorities

Conference Session

A Focus on Non-Traditional Students and Non-Traditional Course Delivery Methods

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Armineh Noravian, San Francisco State University; Patricia Irvine, San Francisco State University

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

on the degree to which their instructor directed their activities. Cohort 2students were asked to compare their experiences in their second year project and a first yearproject. This approach allowed the researchers to understand whether, and if so, which aspects ofstudents’ experiences in well- and ill- structured problems affected their professional identitiesand technical capital.The demographics of the participants reflected the program’s and the county’s demographics inwhich NWCC was situated. The students were white and from working class backgrounds. Theone participant who was female was the only female in the entire program. Some students hadentered the program from high school, while others entered the program after being laid off

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reza Curtmola, New Jersey Institute of Technology; John D. Carpinelli, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Linda S. Hirsch, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Howard S. Kimmel, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Levelle Burr-Alexander, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

, participants were given anassignment to identify a lesson taught in their classroom which could use the cloud as aneducational technology tool and then to write a revised lesson plan based on cloud computingintegration and standards-based lesson planning. The assignment also required participants tosubmit the revised and original lesson plans plus samples of student work. The submitted lessonplans reflected the diversity of subjects taught by the participants and shared with their peers.The completed assignments were presented at the second workshop session, which consisted of a1-day meeting in December 2012.Based on the teachers’ applications for the program, we were able to outline what the teachershoped to learn from the workshops. A pre-workshop

Conference Session

Construction Contracts, Law and Ethics

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian William Loss JD, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Construction

have becomedominated by exculpatory and risk shifting clauses that not only fail to reflect the intent of theparties but often place one party at a greater risk than they had anticipated. These writings oftenreflect a set of conditions that the offeree will accept as a matter of business expediency. Thisacceptance of unfamiliar provisions creates an agreement that represents a disconnect inexpectations between the two parties. This is in contrast with the meeting of the minds that wasonce required for actual contract formation. As these provisions have become more commonthey have been legitimized by what is referred to as custom and usage: the conduct has beendone repeatedly in the course of business and so it becomes acceptable business

Conference Session

Applications of Online Computing

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carole E. Goodson, University of Houston (CoT); Susan L. Miertschin, University of Houston (CoT); Barbara Louise Stewart

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

section, students responded toeach item with their perception of the extent to which the feature was beneficial to their timemanagement. A semantic differential scale was used to measure students’ perception of benefit.Students chose a value from 1 through 7, where 1 reflected a course feature that was perceived asnot beneficial and 7 reflected a very beneficial feature with a continuum between these twoextremes.In the fifth part of the survey, specific course policies that potentially related to timemanagement were listed as items 37-40. The same semantic differential scale described abovewas used to measure the extent of perceived benefit to students’ time management. The policiesincluded availability of all course assignments at the beginning

Conference Session

Construction Education Topics in Architectural Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yutaka Sho, Syracuse University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

political palimpsests, their present andpossible impact, and basic scholarly research on those topics have been systematically ignoredby the Harvard team. 4 The research focuses less on Lagos and is more about how Koolhaasobserves and speculates about it, indicated by his reflective voice-over that permeates the film“Koolhaas: Lagos Wide and Close.” 5Those of us whose home and field are separated by geographical, cultural and political distanceface the same challenge. The Lagos research by Harvard team teaches us that the distance itselfneeds to be critically examined. The purpose is not to eliminate it. Rather, distance anddifference between home and field should be used as a tool to create work rooted in connectivitybetween the two. This is where

Conference Session

Mechanical Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig J. Gunn, Michigan State University; Pavel M. Polunin, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

especially important in an engineer'seducation where time is critical and the direct reflection of the importance of elements in theeducational system must be clearly understood by the student. Page 24.682.3The required courses of the typical engineer offer little room for flexibility. By the junior andsenior years, students are fairly programmed into set schedules. Engineers, then, must beprovided with something that will give them the skills to produce the text needed to survive inthe real world and do it in a manner that requires the least amount of superfluous effort.Supplying large numbers of writing courses will not improve the situation

Conference Session

Teaching Mechanics of Materials

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Papadopoulos, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez ; Aidsa I. Santiago-Román, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez ; Genock Portela-Gauthier, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

problems. On the whole, we believe that our approach is both within reach of students’ abilities andaccelerates their exposure to use of simulation in design. Based on the results thus far, animmediate improvement that the instructors will make is to provide the introductory training inSAP2000 at an earlier stage of the course to allow students more time to adapt to the newmethodology, and hopefully to use it maturely as a design tool. In the long term, we plan totrack student performance of our students in subsequent courses to determine if they outperformother students in design oriented problems and tasks. We also plan to make further improvements in the content of the modules themselves.Further refinements can be made to reflect

Conference Session

Track 1 - Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Henry Griffith, Wright State University; Riad Ajami, Director, Center for Global Business, WSU; Angela Griffith

Tagged Topics

Curriculum and Lab Development

provided by the course though the improvement of mathplacement scores, consider the scenario for a student scoring at the mode of the above sample(MPL = 2). In the current mathematics program sequence at WSU, such a student would berequired to enroll in a developmental mathematics course, thereby leaving them at least 3semesters removed from a course in mathematics which would count towards their degree. As suchcourses represent unnecessary steps towards the fulfillment of the ultimate end goal of thecustomer, it is evident that successful implementation of the EGR 1980 course reflects a uniqueopportunity to achieve the primary objective of lean process design.Based upon the unique demographics of this cohort, it is worthwhile to devote some

Conference Session

Addressing the NGSS, Part 2 of 3: Supporting K-12 Science Teachers in Engineering Pedagogy and Engineering-Science Connections, Part 2 of 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margaret Baguio, University of Texas at Austin; Wallace T. Fowler P.E., University of Texas, Austin; Susana Ramirez, PSJA ISD

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Falling Star, Comets, Asteroids, Meteorites 2000 Return to the Red Planet 2001 2001: An Edu-Space Odyssey 2002 Have Spacesuit Will Travel 2003 Exploring the Unknown 2004 Mars: Journey to the Red Planet 2005 Spinoffs: Bringing Space Down to Earth 2006 Return to the Moon 2007 Robotics and Space Exploration 2008 Space Travel: It’s Out of This World! 2009 Celestial Travelers 2010 Design a Mission to the Moon 2011 Earth’s Reflections: A View from Above 2012

Conference Session

Assessment

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Logan Oplinger, Arizona State University; Micah Lande, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

be graded as low (less than -1 total factor score),moderate (between -1 and 1 total factor score), or high (more than 1 total factor score). The idealmodel level will be a reflection of how a model compares to other proposed ideas and keyconcepts.Coauthors collaborated in order to determine how particular models and model categories rate oneach scale. In addition, qualities emphasized by Atman, Haik, and other researchers1, 3, 5, 17 weretaken into consideration before rating a particular design model. Overall, particular ratings areobjectively based on experience.The evaluated models come from various engineering journals and books. These process modelsare often seen in engineering courses and have applications in a real world environment

Conference Session

Choice and Persistence in Engineering Education and Careers

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brianna L. Dorie, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Tamecia R. Jones, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Meagan C. Pollock, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

need for increased STEM awareness, partly to increase interestin STEM majors & STEM careers, but also to develop an overall more technologically literatepopulace. Additionally, there is a concern that engineering should better reflect the nationalpopulation. Increasing diversity amongst engineering practitioners is important both from anequity perspective as well as a workforce development perspective (a more diverse populationmeans more diverse perspectives are represented, leading to innovation; also, to attract asufficient workforce we will need to attract women and underrepresented minorities). Researchsuggests that a majority of engineering undergraduates have a parent or another close familymember who is an engineer, and that this is

Conference Session

Projects in ECE

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Hoe, The University of Texas at Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

reflect upon their experiences throughout thesemester. The course met formally once per week. The main purpose of the meetings was tomake the students accountable for keeping up with their research, to discuss the journal articlesthat they were assigned, to provide opportunities for presenting their results, and interacting withtheir peers and the faculty supervisor. The following excerpt from the course syllabussummarizes the expectations for this research course: Laboratory notebook. The student will keep a notebook recording all his/her findings. This will be reviewed periodically by the faculty mentor to ensure that the essential data is properly recorded and organized so that it can be used to write the final report and poster

Conference Session

Innovative Techniques in Structural Engineering Courses

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James H. Hanson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; John Aidoo, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Kyle Kershaw P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Matthew D. Lovell P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Haaken Hagen-Atwell; Matthew James Ross, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

School Psychology Programs developed a task force to address issues with thepracticum.Practicums are common in a Master of Social Work program. Lee and Fortune (2013) conductedresearch on practicums in MSW programs in order to evaluate the importance of “thinking”activities in addition to “doing” activities. They concluded that student reflection is an importantpart of the learning process in a practicum, and that “school faculties can facilitate students’reflection by focusing on application of theories in practice situations” (p. 657).Several business programs require a practicum. At Stanford University, the Graduate School ofBusiness considers the practicum to be “a key element in the revamped program” for PublicManagement (Stanford

Conference Session

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William E. Genereux, Kansas State University, Salina

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

serve as a bridge between theoretical and practicalknowledge. 4 It is practical research that addresses an immediate, local need while providing Page 24.1130.2opportunities for deep reflection leading to individual professional growth. 5Although there are similarities, action research should not be confused with case study research.Typically, case study research involves an independent, outside observer studying a phenomenonin a naturally occurring environment, whereas an action research study includes a researcher whoactively participates in his or her own environment. For educators, this is often a classroom inwhich they teach. Action research

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Homero Gregorio Murzi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

traditionallecture because students reflect about what they are doing after engaging in several learningactivities introduced in the classroom [1, 14, 16, 23-25]. In contrast, students in traditionallecture pedagogies receive information from the lecturer and their participation andengagement is minimal. As Smith, Sheppard [26] express: “students learn more whenintensely involved in educational process and are encouraged to apply their knowledge inmany situations” (p.87). According to Bonwell and Eison [22], the amount of informationretained by students declines considerably after ten minutes of listening, so traditionalinstructional strategies may not be effective, specially in engineering education. Also, thereflection promoted in active learning has been

Conference Session

Graduate Ethics Education & Professional Codes

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Craig Hanks, Texas State University, San Marcos; Dominick Esperanza Fazarro, The University of Texas at Tyler; Jitendra S. Tate, Texas State University, San Marcos; Walt Trybula, Texas State University & Trybula Foundation, Inc.; Robert J.C. McLean, Texas State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

-institutional.Our project starts with the notion that ethical and social responsibility (and here we includesafety, health, and environmental considerations, among others) is an integral part of the practiceof engineers and technologists. Shaping engineering education with this idea in mind is attentiveto the role of identity in what people do,30 and can serve to provide intellectual, conceptual, andnarrative resources to assist professionals as they navigate their work world. Engineering,similar to other professions, has a language,18 and that language frames how practitioners thinkof themselves and their work.27 As Korte notes in a 2013 study, “the developing professionalidentities of new engineers are reflected in the narratives they construct regarding

Conference Session

Trends in Engineering Education 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Conrad Tucker, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Kathy Schmidt Jackson, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Linda C. Schmidt, University of Maryland, College Park; Gül E. Okudan Kremer, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Peifeng Yin

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

studies in learning, thinking, and reaction time2. Below, we summarize some ofthe relevant works on cognition relating to our research based on the extended summary ofcognition, value and decision-making research by Sprehn18.Earlier studies on cognition began in 1940s, where laboratory studies aimed at identifying groupsof people with significant differences in their cognitive processes. Some of the predominanttheories of this epoch are: 1) Perceptual versus Conceptual Groupers3, 2) Sharpeners andLevelers4, 3) Field Dependency/Independency5, and 4) Impulsive versus Reflective Thinkers6,7.We refer the readers to Kozhevnikov8 for an in depth review in this area. One salient criticism ofthese early theories, as voiced by Walker9, Kogan and Saarni10