,” or “making mistakes” rather than to engineering. It isin this environment that the present study examines how students and teachers respond toengineering design failure and how teachers acclimate to an increased use of and comfort levelwith fail words.Literature Review While engineering is now formally included in P12 education due to the NGSS, teachingengineering remains a complex challenge for teachers at all levels, but particularly those inelementary grades. Elementary teachers often lack both self confidence and self efficacy withregard to teaching engineering.5,6 Teachers’ self confidence in a subject is linked to both howthey perceive it and their knowledge of the subject itself.7,8 Teachers at the elementary levelreceive
task and innovation self-efficacy,” paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society for Engineering Education, Columbus, Ohio, June 2017.[20] S. Correll, “Reducing gender biases in modern workplaces: A small wins approach to organizational change,” Gender & Society, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 725–50, 2017.[21] J. Acker, “Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A theory of gendered organizations,” Gender & Society, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 139–58, 1990.[22] R. M. Kanter, Men and Women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books, 1977.[23] V. Ray, “A theory of racialized organizations,” American Sociological Review, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 26-53, 2019.[24] N. DiTomaso, C. Post, D. R. Smith, G. F. Farris, and R. Cordero, “Effects
/adaptability to change iii. Self-awareness and knowledge (capability/learning style assessment, affective domain, confidence and self-efficacy) iv. Networking, relationship building v. Creativity 12 b. Thinking Tools (Strategies for Seeking Out and Organizing Knowledge) i. Systems thinking/big picture view; synthesis and problem definition ii. Understanding of human behavior (individually and in groups) iii. Structured reflection iv. Making analogies v. Communication (broadly defined—writing, reading
: 10.1109/ISECon.2014.6891046.[10] J. J. Pembridge and K. J. Rodgers. “Examining Self-Efficacy and Growth Mindset in an Introductory Computing Course,” IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), San Jose, CA, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1109/FIE.2018.8658728.[11] S. Fantini, C. Bennis, and D. Kaplan. “Biomedical Engineering Continues to Make the Future,” IEEE Pulse, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 70–73, Jul. 2011, doi: 10.1109/MPUL.2011.941720.[12] Aspiring Docs. “What You Need to Know About the MCAT® Exam,” 2020, https://students-residents.aamc.org/choosing-medical-career/article/preparing-mcat-exam/.[13] “ABET | ABET Accreditation,” ABET | ABET Accreditation, 2020, https://www.abet.org/.[14] J. D. Gassert and J. D. Enderle
underlying sets of items inorder to reduce the number of items necessary to adequately measure those constructs and toassess each factor‟s meaning. [18, 19] Principal axis factoring and direct oblimin oblique rotationwith Kaiser normalization were used to identify factors. Principle axis factoring was chosen inorder to establish the existence of the underlying theoretical constructs [18-20]. Oblimin obliquerotation was selected in the knowledge that any resulting factors may be correlated. [18]Examination of the factor correlation matrix to assess the level of correlation among the factorsand the justification for their independent existence [21] indicated no serious problems.Scales included only items with rotated factor loadings greater than .40
of the Statistical Package for theSocial Sciences (SPSS) software (v.18). Twenty-nine associate deans for undergraduateeducation (or the equivalent) from the 31 participating institutions returned surveys.Using the data collected from each group, the research team constructed scales that measurevarious curricular emphases, classroom and program experiences, and attitudes about education.Factor analytic techniques identified the number of latent constructs underlying sets of items inorder to reduce the number of items necessary to adequately measure those constructs and toassess each factor‟s meaning. [18, 19] Principal axis factoring and direct oblimin oblique rotationwith Kaiser normalization were used to identify factors. Principle axis
science teachers integrate scientific argumentation activities intotheir instruction [22]. The former study showed that teachers improved their self-efficacy, beliefsabout students, and learning goals for students while the latter study showed no substantial effecton teachers’ argumentation knowledge, understanding, or practice. Similarly, studies inmathematics have examined how preservice elementary teachers learn to facilitate argumentationdiscussions over time [30] or as they respond to students’ incorrect responses to problem-solvingtasks [31].Regardless of field—science, mathematics, or engineering—this practice is one that is complexand requires sufficient time and learning opportunities in order for teachers to achieve mastery[20, 29, 32
?” (Emphasis in the original.) Re-sponses were measured with a 4-point Likert scale:Very Unconfident Unconfident Confident Very ConfidentThe expected grades for both groups of students are shown in Figure 1, and the responses to thefollow-up question are shown in Figure 2. Expected Grade 60% Percentage of Students Responding 50% CEE 3110 (n=62) 40% CEE 3150 (Comparison Group) (n=35) 30
studies focused on solving is at the core of adistinction that we wish to draw attention to between ‘problem-solving’ and the solving ofproblems.According to a joint executive report from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and theNational Endowment for the Arts (NEA), student skills in engineering problem-solving(specifically in electrical engineering and computer science) are in dire need of a boost. Thereport states that “undergraduate and graduate students who study electrical engineering andcomputer science lack the ability or self-efficacy to create new ideas and innovations that stretchbeyond rote classroom exercises”1.Other high-profile reports agree: The National Academy of Engineering lamented in 2004 that“engineering students are not
serviceprovider.Student learning was assessed using formal and informal methods. Informal assessmentsconsisted of whiteboard presentations, open-ended questioning, demonstrations, journal write-ups, and teacher observations. These were used to guide daily activities and lessons. Formalassessments consisted of pre and post assessments. Subject produced drawings were used toelicit students’ pre- and post-program knowledge. Draw a Robot and Draw an Engineerassessments were used. A survey instrument was developed and implemented to elicit tinkeringand technical self-efficacy. An earlier developed instrument that was validated using a sample ofresponses of 200 engineers to develop the items was modified for use with youth. Observationsof project activities by
Downtown) were an interdisciplinary major (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology) and anew chemistry concentration (Medicinal Chemistry). Although new facilities had been allocatedto the new Engineering Department, these facilities did not have furniture or equipment. Theywere an empty canvas upon which to build the new department. Regarding the curriculum, therewere two first year course titles on the books – EGR 111 (Introduction to Engineering Thinkingand Problem Solving) and EGR 112 (Introduction to Engineering Measurement and Analysis).No operating budget existed for the new department, so five-year planning started as thefounding chair was on site (fall 2017). The new Department of Engineering resided and stillresides within the School of Arts
no supervisory responsibilities or mentoring roles, and instead, wereasked to plan and teach collaboratively with the preservice teachers. The preservice teachers’involvement significantly increased the extent to which hands-on, inquiry-based instruction inscience occurred in the classroom, increasing measures of children’s learning of and enjoymentof science as compared to a non-co-taught control group. These positive student outcomes maybe attributed in part, suggested the authors, “to enhanced [classroom] teacher confidence ininvestigative science and technology teaching as a result of their work with the science specialiststudents.” 20Context & Participants The 36 teachers involved in the present study—including 15 3rd grade
suspect. Eliminating them from consideration does not alter the generalfindings. Finally, effect sizes were calculated (r values in Tables A3 to A8). These“measure…the closeness of association of the points in a scatter plot to a linear regression line”[27] and are associated with a scale categorizing the closeness of association (e.g., noassociation, very weak, weak, etc.) [27, 28]. While findings are discussed using p values, acommon practice in presentation of pre- and post-instruction measures of educationalinterventions, it is the r values that were used to interpret the patterns and arrive at the study’sconclusions.Persistence and graduation rates of native students and those who transferred to the institutionwho had completed one of the
2017 to 2018,more than 200 children in Buenos Aires were found with high levels of lead from the burning ofe-waste –mostly cables– close to houses and playgrounds [54]. Some researchers argue that theseworkers lack sufficient information to perceive these risks and do not take proper measures toreduce risks and harms [55]– [57].Within this context, Sofia is evaluating the working conditions of e-waste recyclers in a selectedlocation of the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina), studying interventions to reduce chemicalexposures, and will promote awareness-raising within the community. Her long-term objectiveof implementing proper management of e-waste will have multiple benefits, such as includingrecovering materials to be reintroduced into
skills, and two discussed increasing their knowledge about entrepreneurship. One person talked about how they became more conscious of the environment and being efficient with the resources they utilize, while another explained how the program increased their self-efficacy to pursue their goals. Table 1: Reported Gains from the 2019 GCSP Entrepreneurial Experience “What are the most important things that you gained from the Summer Entrepreneurial Experience?” (n=13) Theme Count Example "I definitely think it helped my presentation skills... I think kind of working and acting like
hidden, such as our research on majority measurement bias in studies ofpersistence [47], Riley and Pawley’s [48] work critiquing myths of gender and race inengineering education, and Foor, Walden, and Trytten’s [49] ethnography of one female multi-minority student which provides “a microphone for the voices of the marginalized to be heard”(p. 113). The powerful lens of intersectionality contributes to the growing field of engineeringstudies, which considers how social categories (such as age, race/ethnicity, class, gender, abilityand sexual identity) are enacted in engineering [50]. Our other work on SVEs examined theintersection between first-generation, engineering, and military identities [51]. The current studyextends other research on the
mentoring and self-efficacy to facilitate solutions for successful matriculation, andavoiding “black holes” by using student feedback to fulfill needs. The investigations use aphenomenological approach as its qualitative research method to study “phenomena.”5.1 Part 1: Developing an Orbit for STEM SuccessIn one NSF-program, data showed that Black and Latino graduate students in engineering and ITprograms experienced a sense of mentoring in external workshops that they didn’t regularlyreceive within departments. Further, these seminars influenced students to strengthen theirSTEM identity. These kinds of interventions metaphorically return us to physics, as objects canavoid destructive black holes if they are thrust into orbits that are far enough
environments are created when a group ofindividuals work collectively and collaboratively to achieve a shared goal or objective. They canbe comprised of the atmosphere, individual members (experience, skillsets, and motivations),communication, shared resources, and the space (cognitive, affective and physical) in which theywork. Team-effectiveness within these environments can often be difficult and time consumingto measure, requiring training of the observers as well as a significant time investment in codingand analysis post-observation. As a result, observations of teams in engineering and computerscience education have typically looked at which tasks are performed and/or which behaviors areexhibited over a specific observation period.7-9 While
shifted the traditionalemphasis on math prerequisite requirements to an emphasis on engineering motivation for math.The program had an overwhelming impact on engineering student retention, motivation andsuccess at Wright State University. Results of a longitudinal study suggested that the approachhad the potential to double the number of the nation's engineering graduates, while bothmaintaining their quality and increasing their diversity. The results suggested that the impact ofthe course on student motivation and self-efficacy had contributed to increased graduation rateswith the greatest impact on the student groups who stood the most to gain.Mentorship program, Interaction with industry: Johnson et. al.14 described a peer mentoringprogram at
Theory (by allowing for more individualized learning), and Self-Regulated Learning (in part through increased access to feedback) (see pp. 41-51 in Ref. 3). Intheir recent analysis of 62 articles about flipping in engineering classrooms, Karabulut-Ilgu,Cherrez, and Jahren identified “flexibility, improvement in interaction, professional skills, andstudent engagement” as frequently cited benefits. (see p. 7 in Ref. 5). A 2016 metastudy offlipping in STEM disciplines similarly found mainly positive results, including evidence ofincreased student engagement and of students' perceptions of self-efficacy.7Despite such benefits, it is necessary for any teaching strategy to be implemented as part of aprocess of, as adult education scholar Stephen
authorsidentify four main areas that contribute to the sense of belonging among STEM students: Inter-est, Competence, Interpersonal Relationships, and Science Identity[9]. We categorized questionsfrom the original Metcalf [1] survey, which represent a student’s response to the four factorsidentified by Rainey et al. and examine our data along gender and race and ethnicity to identifyequity issues for our setting. There are other measures of belonging that have been used to measure student belong-ing. For example, “Exploring Factors that Influence Computer Science Introductory Course Stu-dents to Persist in the Major” is a 2009 work by Barker et al., which studies student persistence,and states that it comes most from student to student
insistence from engineering and engineering ethics thatfailure is a necessary component of a ‘good’ engineering process and embracing failure isparamount to success in engineering [31], [32], [33], [34], engineering course and programdesign rarely integrate this value. Instead, 40% and 50% student failure rates in engineeringare often explained as not meant to be, unready for rigorous education, or poor work ethic[35], [36]. However, Brandi Geisinger and Raj Raman’s work on understanding attrition ratesidentify ”classroom and academic climate,” “grades and conceptual understanding,” and “self-efficacy and self-confidence” as the three leading reasons students report leaving engineeringdisciplines ([36] p.914). Of these issues, recent investigations
, Reflection, Professional Identity, and Affective AwarenessIn the second phase of our study, we chose to develop and implement two programmaticinterventions to apply these transformative learning influencers and document programmaticimpacts on students’ transformative learning [2]. Through that work, our understanding of thefunctioning of the influencers and impacts on student experiences in engineering educationevolved. We began to identify the ways in which inclusive, equitable culture and investmentin professional relationships support our students’ self-actualization and progresstoward maturity, confidence, and self-efficacy as engineers. And it is at this point that wepivot our line of questioning to further investigate these observations. As
on an individual’s self-efficacy intheir ability to execute the desired behavior. While these three beliefs designations may notalways accurately predict behavior, research has shown these types to contribute the most. Otherresearch suggests that iterative self-reflection and reconciliation of our past behavior can helpdevelop more robust beliefs about our future actions [15].Beliefs occur at both a conscious (espoused) and subconscious (implicit) level which are derivedfrom our socialization [29]. It is difficult to effectively study implicit beliefs, making them a wildcard when comparing an individual’s beliefs to their behaviors. This is problematic forresearchers because our implicit beliefs may influence our actions, but our conscious
exploratory framework as An Exploratory Black EngineeringTransfer Student Success Model in Figure 1.This model was informed by a number of well-established persistence and retention models [31],[32], [33]. It was also influenced by Wang’s STEM Transfer Model [30], which suggests thattransfer and retention is influenced by a series of factors. These factors include a student’s self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and the four-year institution’s willingness to welcome transfersonto their campus. After reviewing these prior works, we incorporated key components andelements of retention from these models, along with key components associated with Blackengineering undergraduate success.As our exploratory model illustrates, the process of Black engineering
, with single-gender groups having more equitable participationpatterns than mixed-gender groups. For example, in a systematic review of 94 studies of smallgroup discussions, researchers found that single-gender groups had more purposeful functioningthan mixed-gender groups [83]. Other studies have found that single-gender pairs of elementarystudents had more verbal interactions, were more task-focused, and were more likely to sharematerials [84]. In addition, students’ self-efficacy in engineering increased significantly if theyparticipated in single-gender engineering programs but decreased significantly for those inmixed-gender programs [86].Single-gender small groups may be particularly effective in fostering girls’ equitable engagementin
engineering education.Dr. Tanya Kunberger, Florida Gulf Coast University Dr. Kunberger is an Associate Professor in the Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering in the U. A. Whitaker College of Engineering at Florida Gulf Coast University. Dr. Kunberger received her B.C.E. and certificate in Geochemistry from the Georgia Institute of Technology and her M.S. and Ph.D. in Civil Engineering with a minor in Soil Science from North Carolina State University. Her areas of specialization are geotechnical and geo-environmental engineering. Educational areas of interest are self- efficacy and persistence in engineering and development of an interest in STEM topics in K-12 students.Dr. Thomas A. Lenox, American Society of Civil
, includingthe new course projects, while 530 students participated in the heritage ME 220 course. Over 400students from the Fall 2021 semester voluntarily responded to the same outcome proficiencyquestionnaire at the beginning and the end of the semester. A blank questionnaire is included inAppendix F for reference. All except the final question are strictly derived from the proficienciesof the USAFA outcomes for Application of Engineering Methods and Critical Thinking (seeAppendices A and B). The final question was included to capture the student’s self-efficacy intheir learning development, which is a topic not specifically addressed in this paper. All thequestions are intentionally the same for the initial and final questionnaire to better gauge
Goetz, and Oliver L¨udtke. Emotion transmission in the classroom revisited: A reciprocal effects model of teacher and student enjoyment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(5):628 – 639, 2018. URL http://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login. aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2017-57177-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site.[14] Kent A. Crick, Elise A. Frickey, Lisa M. Larson, and Mack Shelley. The role of teaching self-efficacy in electrical and computer engineering faculty teaching satisfaction. In 2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access, Virtual Online, June 2020. ASEE Conferences. URL https://peer.asee.org/35366.[15] Matthew West, Geoffrey L. Herman, and Craig Zilles
, and/orthe National Society of Black Engineers Convention [11, 46, 70, 76].In addition, it is important that hiring managers are aware of the gender-bias that pervades manyof the online communities used for recruitment. Stack Overflow is one notable example, wherewomen are often underrepresented [124, 125]. As demonstrated by Vasilescu et al. [124], womenare less likely to become involved for many reasons, among which are fear of unfriendly or hostilereactions to their posts, a lack of self-efficacy, and finding the community to be intimidating.However, having even one female active in a thread makes a female more likely to participate[125]. Also, although GitHub does not explicitly request information about gender, research byTerrell et al