Conference Session

Materials Lab Experiments and Demonstrations

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Kessler, Iowa State University; Prashanth Badrinarayanan, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

Polymers is a co-listed senior level undergraduate course and anelective graduate level course in Materials Science and Engineering at Iowa State University. It consistsof two one hour lecture sessions and one two hour lab each week. In the spring of 2009, five new thermalanalysis lab exercises were added to the existing labs. These five labs were all in the broader field ofthermal analysis. This resulted in a course with 13 labs which were performed by the students over onesemester. The topic for these lab experiments are listed below, with the new labs in bold italics. Lab 1: Synthesis of polystyrene and Nylon 6,6 Lab 2: Gel Permeation Chromatography Lab 3: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Lab 4: Differential

Conference Session

Creativity and Innovation in Engineering Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Geoff Wright; Paul Skaggs, Brigham Young University; Richard Fry, Brigham Young University; Brian Howell, Brigham Young University; Richard West, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

a Trust in the Process of: 1)Seeking inspiration for problem finding through the activities of Look, Do, and Ask; 2) Broaddivergent ideation; 3) Implementation in the form of prototyping; and 4) Public Presentation Page 15.723.2using the activities of Show, Tell, and Act. 1The purpose of this paper is to further describe the purpose, curriculum development,organization and logistics, activities developed and engaged in, and methods of instruction of theInnovation Boot Camp. Additionally, the paper will: a) outline the learning outcomes of theInnovation Boot Camp; b) describe the relative impact

Conference Session

DEED Potpourri

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farrokh Attarzadeh, University of Houston; Enrique Barbieri, University of Houston; Miguel Ramos, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

investigation into a subject in order to discover facts or principles, and increase the sum of knowledge, enhance design, or enrich artistic ability24.Fundamentally, the objective of the undergraduate research initiative or Discovery-Based Page 15.519.3Learning Initiative was to incorporate and/or emphasize research activities and skills inthe undergraduate curriculum. Figure 1 presents the specific goals delineated by thereport24.  Undergraduate research should be a signature program from UH, one that makes the university more attractive to potential students with records of strong academic achievement.  Undergraduate

Conference Session

Enhancing CE Learning Through Use of Technology

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Parhum Delgoshaei, Virginia Tech; Vinod Lohani, Virginia Tech; Chelsea Green, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

concurrently for nodes that donot have a data dependency. LabVIEW has been used in engineering courses for coveringfundamental programming concepts6. In Fall ‘07 LabVIEW was introduced in the entirefreshman engineering class (EngE1024). In fact, LabVIEW was introduced in Spring ’07 but dueto the tragic events at Virginia Tech, the LabVIEW curriculum was not completely implemented.LabVIEW is used in industry for data acquisition, processing signals and controllinginstruments7. A graduate integration approach was adopted for bringing LabVIEW programmingexperiences into EngE1024 (see Table 1). Page 15.799.3Table 1: LabVIEW Concepts/Applications in

Conference Session

DELOS Best Paper Nominations

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dawn Spencer, Colorado State University, Pueblo; Nebojsa Jaksic, Colorado State University, Pueblo

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

hardware implementation on the part of the flexible laboratoryenvironment. Estimated prices are shown where possible. As shown in Figure 1, the laboratoryconsists of the following equipment: ≠ 24 WinXP student workstations ($800 each) ≠ WinXP Instructor Workstation with dual monitors for running PowerPoint in presentation mode ($1000) ≠ Pilot workstation (currently testing Windows 7) ($800) ≠ Windows Server 2003 Server in back room ($1400) ≠ Gaming Server administered by the ACM Gaming Coordinator ≠ Laser Printer ($200) ≠ Ceiling-mounted projector ($600) ≠ Computers for PC Architecture students to disassemble and reassemble (stored in back room on shelving) (most are donated or previous lab equipment) o 8

Conference Session

Student Learning and Assessment

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Randall Manteufel, University of Texas, San Antonio; Amir Karimi, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

compared with historical data for the Page 15.628.3course. Statistical difference doesn’t establish causality, but do indicate unreasonablevariability.Table 1 provides a summary of the final grades for 24 classes of engineering statics taughtby 10 different instructors from the fall 2004 to summer 2009. The class size format variedfrom 16-week long semesters with two- or three-meeting per week, to 10-week summersessions meeting twice per week. Over the 5 year period, 860 students enrolled orattempted statics. Of these students, 535 passed the statics course and were tracked intosubsequent engineering courses.The data includes those students who

Conference Session

Frontiers in Engineering Economy

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arup Maji, University of New Mexico

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

circle the most appropriate answer.”The response to each question has been tabulated below the question, followed by an analysis ofthe result. Students were also allowed to provide additional comments if they wished to do so.Question #1. Requiring a textbook would have helped you learn better.Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Page 15.443.42 15 26 10Most students 36 (=26+10) thought that a textbook would not have helped them learn better asopposed to 17 (=2+15) students who thought a textbook would have helped.Question #2. Not having a

Conference Session

Scholar Program Proposal/Develop Courses and Materials/Collaborations and Accredatation Systems for Global Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hugo Pirela, InterAmerican Development Bank; Gisela Coto Quintana, SINAES; Juan Luis Crespo Marino, Universidade da Coruna; Maria M. Larrondo Petrie, Florida Atlantic University; Miguel J. Escala, Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo; Zenaida Otero Gephardt, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

International

of the American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE) International Division Page 15.334.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 The Creation of the Greater Caribbean Region Engineering Accreditation SystemAbstractThis paper describes the creation of a new Engineering program accreditation system for theCentral America and Caribbean Region, called the Greater Caribbean Regional EngineeringAccreditation System (GCREAS)1. This initiative was funded by the Inter AmericanDevelopment Bank through the efforts of the Engineering for the Americas (EftA) initiative2,uniting

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Williams, Virginia Tech; Erin Crede, Virginia Tech; Janis Terpenny, Virginia Tech; Richard Goff, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

designing an assistive technology device. While similar to ROXIE in that its projects arecentered in community service, HELP projects are speculative in nature and thus do not providestudents an opportunity to work with “real” customers.In this paper, the authors perform a comparative analysis of the ROXIE and HELP projects usingdata from student survey responses as a means of identifying the effects of including astudent/customer interaction component in a cornerstone design experience. Excerpts fromstudent interviews and reflection essays are provided as a means of placing survey responses incontext.1 Introduction1.1 The Cornerstone Design ProjectFirst-year engineering courses with design project elements are an emerging trend [1]. A 1999study

Conference Session

Online and Web-based Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Lesko, East Carolina University; John Pickard, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

of form and texture.1 Although the early emphasis has been on building outvirtual worlds and providing for a growing demand for more social context and interaction, thereare some recent indicators that show a growing interest in the use of virtual world’s as vehiclesfor presenting content.2Over the past several years academics have begun to build and evaluate various virtual world Page 15.342.2environments with the goals of providing visually acceptable and meaningful meeting places thatstudents and faculty can use to gather and communicate in. However, to date thatcommunication has been mostly limited to providing an environment for

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum and Practices in Engineering Technology

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Walk, Old Dominion University; Roland Lawrence, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, specific criticalskills necessary for success in upper level courses.The consequences are several and can be severe: 1) faculty spend an inordinate amount ofclassroom and mentoring time in upper level courses on remedial rather than advanced skillsdevelopment; 2) student achievement suffers as the cumulative effects of skills not masteredcompounds; 3) retention rates of upper level students are negatively impacted.This paper describes initial activities and results toward development of an innovative on-line,critical skills, intelligent remedial tutorial learning system intended to serve those studentsrequiring extra-curricular learning support to enable their successful matriculation and retentionin upper level courses. This founding work project

Conference Session

Teaching Mechanical Systems: What's New

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arun Chintalapati, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Hong Sheng, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Richard Hall, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Robert Landers, Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

to simulate theequipment enhances the quality of education as well as accommodates students with variouslearning styles.2An important aspect of such educational software is that it should be easy to use, learn andunderstand. In essence it should be usable. Usability is defined as “the capability of the softwareproduct to be understood, learned, used and attractive to the user, when used under specifiedconditions.”1 Usability testing plays an important role in the development of interactiveeducational software and user-centered design is quintessential for promoting its usage.“Usability problems of educational software can be one source of disturbance within the learningprocess by distracting attention from the learning task and consequently

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Lanning, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Wahyu Lestari, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Shirley Waterhouse, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

following mostlaboratory experiments, the submission of an electronic portfolio of all laboratory work at theend of the semester, and the construction of a course webpage for the purpose of publicallypresenting a subset of laboratory results (to be made available to the general public ataerospacefailure.erau.edu). Table 1 shows the makeup for the lecture grade, and Table 2 showsthe makeup for the laboratory grade. Table 1: Makeup of lecture grade Graded event Percentage of final grade Homeworks (7 total) 20% Scheduled quizzes (6 total) 20% One midterm 30% Final exam 30

Conference Session

Developing Systems Engineering Curricula

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Satinderpaul Devgan, Tennessee State University; Sachin Shetty, Tennessee State University; Saleh Zein-Sabatto, Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering Constituent Committee

 DISCIPLINES Abstract Systems Engineering is a life cycle engineering approach that is being used for development of large systems. It has been implemented by DoD, NASA, and most all major corporations such as Lockheed  Martin, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon, etc. There are over 120 programs  in systems engineering that are currently being offered at the undergraduate and graduate levels [1]. A  large  percentage  of  these  are  graduate  programs  or  certificate  programs  in  Systems Engineering and are mostly housed in industrial and systems engineering departments. Yet there are  only  a  handful  of  undergraduate  programs  offered  by  universities  that  integrate  systems engineering  in  main  stream  engineering  disciplines  such  as

Conference Session

Computational Tools and Simulation III

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aparna Sukhavasi, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Richard Hall, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Hong Sheng, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Ronaldo Luna, Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

to thegeography under study) that take place on it. The phrase “to represent digitally” is used toconvey the meaning “to convert analog (smooth line) to digital form.” They began workingon the development of the GIS software in late 1950s, but the first GIS software was Page 15.847.2developed only in the late 1970s by the lab of the Environmental Systems Research Institute(ESRI). Evolution of GIS has transformed and revolutionized the ways in which planners,engineers, managers etc. conduct the database management and analysis 1.GIS has been defined in many ways, ESRI an industry leader in GIS software and geo-database management application

Conference Session

Culture, Society, and Co-op

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lindsey Jenkins-Stark, Iridescent; Tara Chklovski, Iridescent

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

design, and how to present the overall concept. Volunteers use an onlinecollaboration site to comment on lesson plans, reflect on their teaching, and post new ideas andmaterial.Volunteer engineers come away from their experience with three main areas of impact. 1) Theyare empowered by inspiring others. “It is really a big deal to be working with students at ayoung age so they can be excited about what they're learning and {so these students can} bereally ambitious for the future." 2) They learn important lessons in management and publicspeaking. One volunteer observed, “This is a really useful skill because I’m sure later on in mycareer I’ll have to explain what I do to an audience that doesn’t necessarily have a background inmy field.” 3) They

Conference Session

Leadership and Strategic Planning

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia Fry, Baylor University; Gregory Leman, Baylor University; William Jordan, Baylor University; Brian Garner, Baylor University; Brian Thomas, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

, andhelped coordinate the selection and continuation of the 2010 Innovators.This paper will present the background of the program, the assessment of the first year of theprogram and its impact on student learning, and future expansion of the program. We will alsodiscuss lessons learned and best practices, including the necessity of working across disciplinaryboundaries and the importance of administrative support.IntroductionBilly Vaughn Koen in his book, “Discussion of the Method,” describes the process ofengineering as finding the best change within limited resources in an environment of uncertainty.1 He provides two examples. Both the statements 1. “The chess master engineered the perfect countermove”, and 2. “The clergy in Iran engineered

Conference Session

Assessment & Continuous Improvement in ET: Part III

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Mehrabian, University of Central Florida; Walter Buchanan, Texas A&M University; Alireza Rahrooh, University of Central Florida; Tarig Ali, University of Central Florida; Saeid Moslehpour, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

inability ofgranting partial credit in an online assessment environment may indicate false assessmentmeasures of the students’ progress in the course. Nevertheless, we believe that the followingissues and concerns may challenge the faculty and are more common in performance assessmentfor the engineering and technology-related courses:1. Assessment Security: In an online “open book, open notes, open mind” assessmentenvironment where there is no live proctor or visual monitoring, the assessments shall be craftedaccordingly to prevent or reduce the likelihood of plagiarism or illegal use of the availablematerials. Several such cases are reported by Colwell and Jenks in 20056. This concern affectsthe student’s performance assessment accuracy due to the

Conference Session

Mentoring & Outreach for Girls & Minorities

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lindsey Jenkins-Stark, Iridescent; Tara Chklovski, Iridescent

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

tochange the perception of science and engineering by minorities and women. Improving attitudestoward and achievement in science require continued classroom experiences in STEM,extracurricular activities involving STEM and the encouragement of others significant in astudent’s life5. Much research has also been done in order to determine the factors that inhibitthe participation and success of minority and female students in STEM education. “The barriersfor females and minorities are similar and include:(1) Negative attitudes regarding mathematics and science along with negative perceptions ofthemselves as science and mathematics learners.(2) Lower performance levels and lower rates of participation in mathematics and sciencecourses and on

Conference Session

Enhancing Environmental Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Roper, George Mason University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

areas of: 1) sustainable site planning, 2)safeguarding water and water efficiency, 3) energy efficiency and renewable energy, 4)conservation of materials and resources, and 5) indoor environmental quality. A critical elementfor a successful sustainable building policy and program is an integrated building planning anddesign process. Integrated planning and design refers to an interactive and collaborative processin which all stakeholders are actively involved and communicate with one another throughoutthe design and construction practice. These processes provide a broader understanding ofsustainable options for infrastructure changes that may occur in various Base Realignment andClosure (BRAC) planning and implementation situations. A number of

Conference Session

Global Engineering Models: Developments and Implementations

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edmundo Tovar, Polytechnic University, Montegancedo; Nelson Piedra, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja; Manuel Castro, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia; Martin Llamas, Universidad de Vigo

Tagged Divisions

International

world [1, 2].Open Educational Resources are teaching, learning, and research digital resources andtools that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectualproperty license that permits their free use, reuse or re-purposing by others.OER initiatives are a direct reaction to knowledge privatization; they foment theirglobal exchange with the aim of increase the human intellectual capacity. Everyday aremore organizations and people that share their practices and digital learning resourcesthrough web from an Open & Free spirit [3].The principal idea of the movement toward Open Educational Resources is that theworld’s knowledge is a public good and that technology in general and the World WideWeb in particular provides an

Conference Session

Assessment of K-12 Engineering Programs & Issues

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fleur Gooden, Virginia Tech; Maura Borrego, Virginia Tech; Whitney Edmister, Virginia Tech; Tremayne Waller, Cornell University; Bevlee Watford, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

over 20 percent in 2004, the numbers haveplateaued since then 1. Underrepresented minority (URM) groups earning baccalaureate degreeshave increased from 11.5 percent in 1990 to 20.9 percent in 2004 1. Anthropological studiesindicate that access to capital-rich settings, particularly enhancement programs, contribute tobetter academic performance for students. Students who participate in such programs remain inschool longer and enter college in greater numbers 2. Based on the findings of this and similarresearch, several K-12 engineering enrichment programs were developed by the College ofEngineering at a large state university in the Southeast with objective of influencing pre-collegestudents to attend college, specifically the host institution

Conference Session

Aspects of Public Policy in Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Roper, George Mason University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

. A number of information exchangemeetings were held during the semester including an In-progress-Review the end of October andFinal Recommendations Briefing at the end of November as well as a special meeting with theDirector of the County’s Department of Economic Development. This project was closelyaligned with the course class material but did require extensive literature review and analysis ofthe green tourism experience in other parts of the county. The class was divided into three teamsfor the first part of the project to develop strategies for; 1) transportation, 2) hotels andrestaurants and 3) special destinations. The teams than came together in the development andpresentation of the final recommendations to the county. The county

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shalin Mehta, Arizona State University; Jayaraman Jayaraman Thiagarajan, Arizona State University; Photini Spanias, Arizona State University; Karthikeyan Ramamurthy, Arizona State University; Andreas Spanias, Arizona State University; Robert Santucci, Arizona State University; Susan Haag, Arizona State University; Mahesh Banavar, Arizona State University

common link between them. This typeof arrangement does not help in organizing the learning process and sometimes students spend along time in finding the material rather than concentrating on learning the actual concepts. The Page 15.164.2proposed interface attempts to address these issues by combining and connecting differentlearning environments together with the J-DSP simulations.Figure 1 shows a high level overview of the proposed change with respect to the existinginfrastructure. As shown, the proposed J-DSP interface consists of a number of discrete learningshell apart from the existing simulation environment. The learning environment

Conference Session

Signal Processing Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Santucci, Arizona State University; Tushar Gupta, Arizona State University; Mohit Shah, Arizona State University; Andreas Spanias, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

extracting the instantaneous descriptors for each frame. The features in thiscategory are related to the temporal, spectral shape, harmonic and energy features. A briefdescription of the features and their extraction algorithms implemented in this paper is given asfollows.Pitch DetectionPitch represents the periodicity inherent in the temporal domain or the perceived fundamentalfrequency of the underlying signal. Although the actual frequency can be determined accuratelyit may differ from the pitch due to the presence of harmonics. The biased or unbiasedautocorrelation sequence for the given frame is calculated from the signal values as follows. N|m|1

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erika Murguia, Arizona State University; Erin Kube, Arizona State University; Jennifer Bekki, Arizona State University Polytechnic; Bianca Bernstein, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

, P.T., Volkwein, J.F., Peterson, G.D. (2001). The changing face of engineering education. National Academy of Engineering of the National Academies. 36(2).11. Latucca, L.R., Voigt, L.J.(2004). Does interdisciplinarity promote learning? Theoretical support and researchable questions. The Review of Higher Education, 28(1), 23-48.12. Ali, F. (2009). Psychologists without borders: a graduate student perspective on interdisciplinary research. APS Observer. 22(10).13. Ivanitskaya, L., Clark, D., Montgomery, G., Primeau, R. (2002). Interdisciplinary learning: process and outcomes. Innovative Higher Education, 27(2), 95-111

Conference Session

Opportunities and Challenges in Developing International Engineering Research

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shih Kuang Hou, National Taiwan Normal University; Ching-Ho Huang, Nangang Vocational High School; Jin-Fu Chen, NTNU

Tagged Divisions

International

on “cognitivecomplexity,” “job involvement,” “self-efficacy,” “career obstacles,” etc.Based on the findings of this study, we would like to put forward three proposals: 1. Take theresults of this study as a reference to screen skills competition competitors; 2. implementpersonality traits analysis while conducting contestant training, and to strengthen education; 3.conduct case studies on successful competitors in order to explore their individual unique traits.Keywords: Skills competition, skills training, key factors, personality traits Page 15.1239.2 1I. PrefacePossessing professional

Conference Session

Effective Methods for Recruiting Women to Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna Milgram, Institute for Women in Trades, Technology and Science (IWITTS); Daniella Severs, Institute for Women in Trades, Technology and Science (IWITTS)

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

―Google/online‖ to ―was inspired by my father and theneed to support my daughter‖ and ―looked at a game education magazine.‖ The recruitmentportion is the smallest section of the survey because the larger focus of the survey is to informinstructors and administrators what retention strategies students are experiencing, which theyfind most helpful and which strategies they are not experiencing but would most like toexperience.What follows in Figure 1 is the ―Retention Activity/Strategy‖ portion only of the ―Survey ofFemale Technology Course Students‖ (aggregate across seven colleges of the eight colleges, asCity College of San Francisco did not participate

Conference Session

Automation Subjects in Manufacturing Education I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nebojsa Jaksic, Colorado State University, Pueblo

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

use of Kolb’s cycle in a Materials and ProcessSelection course within their manufacturing engineering program. In 2009, Abdulwahed andNagy10 implemented Kolb’s cycle in process control laboratory within a chemical engineeringprogram.Most of the engineering education research on Kolb’s cycle deals with implementations of thislearning method in different engineering course environments. However, there seems to be littleformal quantitative assessment/evaluation reported. Gains in content knowledge don’t seem to besignificant, while “deep knowledge” is not measured quantitatively.Curriculum ContextThe activities described in Figure 1 are applied in a required computer-integrated manufacturing(CIM) course at our university in two engineering

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation in Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Regina Hannemann, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

- Team Membership - CommunicationsEach of these three aspects is rated on a 1-7 Likert Scale. The “1” is the lowest score andindicates that the team member has basically dropped out of the team and is not contributing atall anymore. “2”, “3”, and “4” are step wise indicating more interaction with the team and theproject and more quality of work. The “5” indicates a good team member, contributing to work,attending meetings, communicating well. The “6” will be a team member who is up to speed;who performs as promised, delivers quality work and does well on documentation andcommunication with team and advisors. The “7” is the outstanding team member, who is goingout of his or her way to contribute to the project and the team’s goals.The