Conference Session

Cognitive and Motivational Issues in Student Performance I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joachim Walther, University of Queensland; David Radcliffe, University of Queensland

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

learning activities interact with other influencessurrounding the curriculum to influence and form student competence in a complex fashion28.4.1 Contextual model of Accidental Competency formationOn the basis of the early data reported in Walther and Radcliffe15 a contextual model ofAccidental Competency formation was developed. Formal Assessment Curriculum 2. O ele men Exams Research projects

Conference Session

Using Technology to Enhance Teaching and Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Smaill, University of Auckland

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

[cited; Available from: http://www.qsrinternational.com/products/productoverview/N6.htm.33. Russell, M., A. Goldberg, and K. O'Connor, Computer-based testing and validity: a look back into the future. Assessment in Education, 2003. 10(3): p. 279-293.34. Kruhlak, R., et al. Online Practice and Assessment in First Year Physics. in Canadian Association of Physicists Congress. 2005. Vancouver, Canada.35. Gordijn, J. and W. Nijhof, Effects of complex feedback on computer-assisted modular instruction. Computers and Education, 2002. 39(2): p. 183-200.36. Chen, P.M., An automated feedback system for computer organization projects. IEEE Transactions on Education, 2004. 47(2): p. 232-240

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technology Curriculum

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathleen Kitto, Western Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

element analysis (FEA) vibration mode models for several instrumentshave been generated. The vibration modes are correct in that our geometry accuratelyreflects the individual models (see Figure 9). Unfortunately, the frequencies are incorrectsince we do not have methods to find all the materials constants necessary to modelanisotropic materials, i.e. the Poisson’s ratios. In these cases, we use the Chladni patternmethod or use literature values.Figure 9. A Mode Shape of a Guitar Neck (Savage, J.)AcknowledgementsThank you to Eric McKell and Vincent Hill for their creative idea of making aluminumukuleles for their metal forming project in their course. Also, thank you to Jesse Savagefor working so hard for so many quarters with me trying to

Conference Session

Accreditation and Assessment Concerns in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Casey, George Mason University; Ellen O'Donnell, George Mason University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2008-466: MODELS FOR DIRECT INDUSTRY SUPPORT OF US CIVILENGINEERING PROGRAMSMichael Casey, George Mason University Michael J. Casey is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil, Environmental, and Infrastructure Engineering at George Mason University in the area of Construction and Project Management. Dr. Casey's research interests are in sensor networks for infrastructure security and management and civil applications of geospatial technology. He holds M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Maryland and a B.S. degree from Rutgers University, all in Civil and Environmental Engineering. He is a registered professional engineer.Ellen O'Donnell, George Mason University

Conference Session

Computer Simulation and Animation II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Rossow, Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

. (2007). “Circuits learned by example online (CLEO),” Proceedings of the Annual American Society of Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition, Honolulu, HA, June, 2007.[29] Project CLEO homepage, https://www.rose-hulman.edu/cleo/ (accessed 8 January 2008).[30] Atkinson, R.K., Renkl, A., & Merrill, M.M. (2003). Transition from studying examples to solving problems: Effects of self-explanation prompts and fading worked out steps. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(4), 774-783.[31] Renkl, A., Atkinson, R. K., and Grosse, C.S. (2004). “How fading worked solution steps works: A cognitive load perspective.” Instructional Science, 32, 59-82.[32] Renkl, A. and Atkinson, R. K. (2003). “Structuring the Transition From

Conference Session

Tools for Teaching

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyu Yon Lim, Pennsylvania State University; Roxanne Toto, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Hien Nguyen, Pennsylvania State University; Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University; Thomas Litzinger, Pennsylvania State University; Mark Wharton, Pennsylvania State University; John Cimbala, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

contacted at tal2@psu.edu.Mark Wharton, Pennsylvania State University Mark J. Wharton is an Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering at Penn State. He teaches undergraduate courses in Electronics Electronics I, II, and III) and Senior Project Design, the EE capstone design course. He received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Penn State and his M.S. from the University of Colorado in Boulder. Prior to working at Penn State, Mark spent over Page 13.690.1 30 years in industry as an Electronic Design Engineer. He can be contacted by phone at 814-865-2091 or by email at MarkWharton@psu.edu.John

Conference Session

Assessment of Engineering Technology Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmine Balascio, University of Delaware; LOUISE WEHRLE, NICET; Rudolph Henry, NICET; Chip Hollis, NICET

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

additionaloutcomes are listed for associate and baccalaureate degree programs. For example, theprogram criteria for “Civil Engineering Technology and Similarly Named Programs” arelisted as follows 3: Outcomes Associate degree programs must demonstrate that graduates are capable of: a. utilizing graphic techniques to produce engineering documents; b. conducting standardized field and laboratory testing on civil engineering materials; c. utilizing modern surveying methods for land measurement and/or construction layout; d. determining forces and stresses in elementary structural systems; e. estimating material quantities for technical projects; and f

Conference Session

IE Program Design I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Manuel Morales, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez; Alexandra Medina-Borja, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

students).After the arrangement of these features twelve types of homogeneous groups were formed: • Public Spanish high school, • Transfer, • Private English high school • Private high school • Rural high school • Pre-basic • Academic difficulties, • Graduate in five years, • Coop, • Private English freshmen, • Public Spanish freshmen, and • Pre-basic freshmen.Fifty five students participated in this project. Twenty three were females and twenty two males,all of them were undergraduate students ranging from the freshmen to the fifth-plus year.Students’ were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding demographic and high school relatedfactors, such as the type of high school they attended, the language of instruction (English orSpanish or

Conference Session

Two Year College Tech Session I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Jonassen, University of Missouri; William Miller, University of Missouri; Matthew Schmidt, University of Missouri; Matthew Easter, University of Missouri; Rose Marra, University of Missouri

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

fully incorporate the breadth and depth of knowledge and skills comprised in RPTwork. This belief is supported by Dauer and StGermain’s (2006) assertion that traditionalapproaches to radiological training may not be enough to facilitate deep learning. Theywarn that adherence to traditional educational approaches may result in workers withknowledge and skills deficits. They encourage the exploration and evaluation ofalternative learning philosophies that use such learning strategies as: inductivediscussion, self assessments, case studies, demonstrations, projects, prompting andcoaching, interactive lectures, and guided reflection. We have attempted to incorporatemany of these strategies into our theoretical and instructional design framework

Conference Session

DELOS Best Paper Nominations

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Schubert, University of San Diego; Frank Jacobitz, University of San Diego; Ernest Kim, University of San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Electronics and Electric Machines,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol.20, no.2, pp. 538-547, 2005.7. Erkan Mese, “Project-Oriented Adjustable Speed Motor Drive Course for Undergraduate Curricula,” IEEE Transactions on Education, vol.49, no.2, pp. 236-245, 2006.8. S. A. Shirsavar, Benjamin A. Potter, and Isabel M. L. Ridge, “Three-Phase Machines and Drives-Equipment for a Laboratory-Based Course,” IEEE Transactions on Education, vol.49, no.3, pp. 383-388, 2006.9. Giorgio Rizzoni, Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering, 5th ed., McGraw Hill, Boston, 2007.10. Robert D. Throne, “Frequency Domain System Identification of One, Two, and Three Degree of Freedom Systems in an Introductory Controls Class,” ASEE Annual

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education III

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cordelia Brown, Purdue University; David Meyer, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Page 12.719.2obtained, an important finding of this initial study was the fraction of each cohort that elected thenon-traditional option (and the rationale for doing so, based on exit survey results). A key, underlying goal of this project was to gain an understanding of how efficiently andeffectively students learn in hybrid course environments relative to those that are moretraditional. This outcome was evaluated by comparing scores on common exams. Another goalwas to accommodate a wider diversity of learning styles by offering students a choice betweentwo, very different course formats − based on the premise that being required to make a choiceforces students to think about how they learn and the environment in which they learn best

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics and Global Issues

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Hoernecke, Iowa State University; Thad Gillispie, Iowa State University; Benjamin Anderson, Iowa State University; Thomas Daniels, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

environment in a malicious manner. If a student intentionally gains access to a systemwithout authorization, they could be held accountable under U.S. Law. This means pranksagainst a business or the university could result in federal charges against the student carrying upto 5 years in prison for the smallest infraction and up to 20 years for a more egregious violation.Perhaps the greatest potential risk of teaching IW would be of training professionalcybercriminals. The use of computers for identity theft, phishing and spam has resulted in astrong criminal economy. According to an FBI projection cybercrime robs U.S. businesses of$67.2 billion a year, and over the past two years U.S. consumers lost more than $8 billion toviruses, spyware and online

Conference Session

Assessing Perceptions of Engineers and Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reginald Hobbs, Tufts University; Nataliia Perova, Tufts University; Igor Verner, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Chris Rogers, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

are better able toconstruct meaning in practical ways so that knowledge can be applied outside of school settings.Howard Gardner developed the idea of multiple intelligences: several different kinds ofintelligence exist in humans, each relating to a different area of human life and activity.10 Anylearning environment can be organized to draw on most of Gardner’s multiple intelligences byincluding a variety of learning activities, such as lectures rich with visual information,discussions that promote student–student interactions, group projects that allow for creativeelements and laboratory investigations that engage learners in the physical doing of science.11This module with its hands-on application, discussions based upon observation, and

Conference Session

New trends in ECE education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Douglas Jacobson, Iowa State University; Nate Evans, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

distributed attacks. ISEAGE represents a new paradigm in thearea of security research, cyber forensics, and will enable new and innovative research needed tosolve the current security problems facing the world today.Figure 2 shows a block diagram of ISEAGE and how it is connected to support the CDC. Asshown in the figure, ISEAGE is a 64 node computer cluster that is capable of representing any IPaddress space. In addition to IP address space mapping, ISEAGE also provides tools to generatebackground traffic and background attacks. This helps create a realistic environment where notall traffic seen by the blue teams is coming from green or red teams. We also collected all of thetraffic from the CDC and are using that in security research projects

Conference Session

Innovative Classroom Techniques

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Lee, University of South Florida; Mernet Larson, University of South Florida; Jack Heller, University of South Florida; Douglas Lunsford, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

2006-2042: REPRESENTATION ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION:ENGINEERING ISSUES AND PARALLELS FROM THE VISUAL &PERFORMING ARTSWilliam Lee, University of South Florida Bill Lee is a Professor of Chemical Engineering with a significant interest in the practical and philosophical aspects of the educational process. He currently has several projects with faculty in the Visual and Performing Arts, exploring issues in the educational process, problem solving, and creativity.Mernet Larson, University of South Florida Mernet Larson is a Professor of Art History who has written and taught in the areas of art history, art theory, art criticism, and educational aspects of art. She is also a professional

Conference Session

Student Teams and Design Skills

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tamara Moore, Purdue University; Heidi Diefes-Dux, Purdue University; P.K. Imbrie, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

for accrediting programs in engineering. Baltimore, MA: ABET, Inc.12. Wiggins, G. (1998). Educative Assessment: Designing Assessment to Inform and Improve Student Performance. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.13. Moore, T. and Diefes, H.A., “Developing Model-Eliciting Activities for Undergraduate Students Based on Advanced Engineering Content,” Frontiers in Education Conference, Savannah, GA., 2004.14. Zawojewski, J., Lesh, R., and English, L., “A Models and Modeling Perspective on the Role of Small Group Learning Activities,” Beyond Constructivism: Models and Modeling Perspectives on Mathematics Problem Solving, Learning, and Teaching, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2003.15. Smith, K. A., Teamwork and Project Management, New York

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas Scambilis, Sinclair Community College; Jennifer Wise, Sinclair Community College

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

display box as shown below. Each box included the course syllabus, book(s), project work, homework/tests papers with samples of the good, the bad and the ugly, evaluations of oral and written presentations and other miscellaneous material. These packets, along with the Self Study, were placed in the team room for their use during the evaluation. Display Boxes Closing Statement: Prior to the final meeting with the President, the team met with the respective Department Chairs to discuss their findings and ask for any additional information that they may have overlooked. A Draft Statement of the findings is presented at this meeting. This is the time when the Institution can dispute or defend any of the

Conference Session

Technology Literacy for Non-Engineers

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Oakley, Oakland University; Lorenzo Smith, Oakland University; Yin-ping (Daniel) Chang, Oakland University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

. He was also a new-engine development project manager working with GM, Delphi, Siemens, and Lotus. Dr. Chang later studied transportation, specifically in FEM, computational solid mechanics, and vehicle/tire dynamics fields. Later working in the Vehicle Simulation Research Center, Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, the Pennsylvania State University since fall 1999, Dr. Chang was doing research focused on both physical vehicle crash tests and virtual simulations. He was awarded a Graduate Teaching Fellowship and became an instructor of the undergraduate courses Machine Dynamics, Finite Element Analysis, in Department of Mechanical Engineering at Penn State University. He received his

Conference Session

Programming for Engineering Students

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Baibak, Kettering University; Rajeev Agrawal, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Games. Future Play, 2005, URL: http://www.futureplay.org/papers/paper-184_becker.pdf9. Jimenez-Peris, R., Khuri, S., and Patino-Martinez, M. Adding Breadth to CS1 and CS2 Courses Through Visual and Interactive Programming Projects. The proceedings of the thirtieth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education, 1999, pp. 252-256.10. Reidel, J. The Learning Game. The View, 2003, URL: http://www.uvm.edu/theview/article.php?id=96011. Lewis, C. and Repenning, A. Playing a Game: The Ecology of Designing, Building, and Testing Games as Educational Activities. Trails, URL: http://www.trails- project.org/resources/papers/Colorado_EdMedia_paper.pdf12. XNA: http://msdn.microsoft.com/directx/XNA/default.aspx13. Developing Games on

Conference Session

ChE: Innovations in the Classroom

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Bullard, North Carolina State University; Richard Felder, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

appropriate use of interpersonal skills. Team members are helped to develop skills required for high-performance teamwork, including leadership, communication, time management, project management, and conflict resolution. 5. Regular self-assessment of team performance. The members periodically reflect on what they are doing well as a team, what they need to improve, and what if anything they will do differently in the future.Detailed information about cooperative learning strategies and the research base that supports theeffectiveness of this method is provided by Smith et al.,8 Felder & Brent,9,10 and Oakley et al.11 Primarily because some students normally drop CBE 205 in the first few weeks of thecourse, we made

Conference Session

Engineering and Sustainability

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marilyn Dyrud, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

responsibility,” which holdsmanufacturers responsible for the fate of products that are no longer useful,47 accentuates end-of-life. The “ecological footprint” approach, however, looks at a shared consumer-producerresponsibility.48 The electronics industry has an enormous ecological footprint, requiring,according to 2003 United Nations University data, the following resources for the production of asingle PC: 240 kilos of fossil fuels, 22 kilos of chemicals, 1.5 tons of water.5 Surely suchinordinate consumption cannot continue indefinitely, and our future engineers may someday holdpositions with the power to effect positive change.Classroom ActivitiesWith a projected half a billion obsolete computers in the US alone by the end of 2007,24 theissues

Conference Session

Computer Based Grading and Learning Styles

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Walter W Schilling Jr., Milwaukee School of Engineering; John K. Estell, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

success of thetechnique beyond simple comments.The first course for which video feedback was used was an embedded systems course taught atthe Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE). In this course, students created simpleembedded systems in the C programming language. Deliverables included brief reports on theirprojects as well as a source code project which could be compiled on the instructor’s machine.In this course, video feedback was tried purely on an experimental basis, and comments mainlydealt with explaining the problems of implemented source code as well as explaining the Page 23.534.4meaning of associated compiler warnings which were

Conference Session

Issues of Outreach and Interest in Engineering

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meagan C Pollock, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

, participants were challenged to summarize the breadth ofopportunities and pathways for STEM careers. Many participants commented that they wereunaware of all of the different options for STEM, and feedback from the first workshop indicatedthat they would like to learn about more STEM careers. Thus for the second workshop, thefacilitator kept a list on a flipboard in front of the room, and the large group brainstormed otherideas.In addition, for the second workshop, another activity was added that aimed to introduce anonline tool where they could further explore career opportunities in STEM. Working in pairs,participants visited http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/science_careers.shtmland were challenged to explore 2-3 careers that

Conference Session

Research and Graduate Studies

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Katherine Watson, Georgia Institute of Technology; Alexandra Coso Strong, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

concerns like social skills and current trends.Whether inside or outside the classroom, instructors must stress the relevance of what students are learning to real O O O O Oand current events.Education should enable students to recognize injustices in society, and schools should promote projects to O O O O Oredress social inequities.Students who do not want to study much should not be required to do so

Conference Session

Grasping the "Concept"

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debra Gilbuena, Oregon State University; Christina Smith, Oregon State University; Bill Jay Brooks, Oregon State University; Talia Sidne Finkelstein, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

that ishow I am using it. I am not projecting it as a PowerPoint on the board. Each student gets theirown piece of paper with the problem on it.” In another adopter’s unexpected example of offlineuse, s/he took screen shots of the questions and incorporated the screen shots into her/his lectureMicrosoft PowerPoint slides in order to have them “be more consistent with the…rest of thestyle of the presentation” and administered them with i>clickers. This type of use was notcaptured in the usage data nor was it well supported; however, it has inspired the development ofa screen capture image button that will create a higher quality image. Clickers were used bothonline (Turning Point Technology clickers) and offline (i>clickers). One online

Conference Session

General Topics in Graduate Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mahnas Jean Mohammadi-Aragh, Virginia Tech; Lisa DuPree McNair, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Department. Her current re- search interests focus on technology in engineering education, human computer interaction, educational data mining, and scientific visualization.Dr. Lisa DuPree McNair, Virginia Tech Lisa DuPree McNair is an Associate Professor of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech, where she also serves as Assistant Department Head of Graduate Education and co-Director of the VT Engineering Communication Center (VTECC). She received her PhD in Linguistics from the University of Chicago and an M.A. and B.A. in English from the University of Georgia. Her research interests include interdis- ciplinary collaboration, design education, communication studies, identity theory and reflective practice. Projects

Conference Session

Bringing Industrial Applications into the Classroom

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maddalena Fanelli, Michigan State University; Daina Briedis, Michigan State University; Dennis J. Miller, Michigan State University; Martin C Hawley, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

course,additional exposure to PHA’s can help refine student understanding and appreciation for theinsight PHA’s can provide, helping students determine appropriate materials of construction aswell as the manner in which components are assembled and how the overall system may bedesigned to minimize safety hazards, with economic impact as a continuing consideration.Starting last year, in the fall semester of 2012, we asked that students perform a simplified PHAas a part of one of their small design projects. This systematic review of their process designshelped clarify the need for appropriately placed pressure relief valves and rupture discs, flow

Conference Session

Study Abroad, International Experience, Exchange Programs and Student Retention

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ute Heinze, RWTH Aachen University; Ursula Bach; Rene Vossen; Sabina Jeschke, RWTH Aachen University

Tagged Divisions

International

Paper ID #6883International Exchange in Higher Engineering Education - a RepresentativeSurvey on International Mobility of Engineering StudentsMrs. Ute Heinze, RWTH Aachen University Ute Heinze is a research assistant at IMA/ZLW and IFU of RWTH Aachen University. She is part of the project ”Excellent Teaching and Learning in Engineering Science.” Her research interests include interna- tional student mobility and technology-enhanced teaching and learning in higher engineering education.Ms. Ursula Bach Since January 2008, Ursula Bach has been a scientific researcher at the IMA/ZLW & IfU, initially in the fields of

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jia-Ling Lin, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Paul Imbertson, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Tamara J Moore, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

and freely. We will employclassroom interactions and communications to help students advance their abilities specifically inarbitrating competing claims and generalizing conceptual knowledge and skills of the discipline.AcknowledgementsThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under GrantNo. 0942168 through the Division of Undergraduate Education program Course, Curriculum,and Laboratory Improvement. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendationsexpressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of theNational Science Foundation. This collaborative project includes the authors of this paper as wellas the University of Minnesota Principal Investigator, Dr

Conference Session

Potpourri

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

Students, Linc. Fisch (ed.), “New Directions for Teaching and Learning,”no.66, Summer, 1966, pp.30-40.7. Organiz. for Economic Cooper. & Development (2003), “International comparison of math, reading, and science skills among 15-year olds” OECD, (http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0923110.html). Sept. 2005.8. Balfanz, R., and Legters, N., “How many central city high schools have a severe dropout problem, where are they located, and who attends them?” Harvard University Civil Rights Project, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass, 2001.9. Barnett, L., and Greenough, R., “Regional needs assessment 2000.” Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory, Portland, Ore., www.nwrel.org/planning/ rna2000.html Accessed Sept