Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marcus Antonius Ynalvez, Texas A&M International University; Claudia San Miguel, Texas A&M International University; Ruby Ynalvez, Texas A&M International University; Deepak Ganta, Texas A&M International University; Runchang Lin, Texas A&M International University; Marcela Moran, Texas A&M International University; Leonela Preciado, Texas A&M International University; Mayra Alejandra Garza, Texas A&M International University; Rene Rangel Jr., Texas A&M International University; Veronica Judith Prado, Texas A&M International University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

a Set of STEM-Oriented Creative Video Projects on STEM Students’ Psychosocial, Persistence, and Scholastic Outcomes (In-Progress)AbstractThis project is being conducted by Texas A&M International University (TAMIU); a Hispanic-serving institution in the U.S. southern border city of Laredo, Texas. The project has aprogrammatic and a research component; it focuses on generating knowledge about strategies toenhance undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education.The programmatic component aims to increase the quantity and improve the quality of retainedand graduated STEM students. This is done by engaging 3 consecutive cohorts in a 4-semesterpre-/early college (i.e., pre-college

Conference Session

New Teaching Methods in Construction Eduction

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Casey Cline, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

AC 2011-1974: EFFECTIVE CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TEACH-ING STRATEGIESR. Casey Cline, Boise State University Casey Cline is an Assistant Professor in the Construction Management Department within the College of Engineering at Boise State University. Dr. Cline earned a B.S. in Business Administration from Oklahoma State University, an M.S. in Construction Science from the University of Oklahoma, and a Ph.D. in Education (Adult Development Organizational Learning) from The University of Idaho. His educational research interests are focused on improving construction management processes to facilitate the efficient management of construction projects

Conference Session

Distance and Web-based Learning in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jayaraman J.Thiagarajan, Arizona State University; Raja Ayyanar, Arizona State University; Andreas S. Spanias, Arizona State University, ECEE, SenSIP Center

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Investigator Award in 2005.Prof. Andreas S Spanias, Arizona State University, ECEE, SenSIP Center Andreas Spanias is Professor in the School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering at Arizona State University (ASU). He is also the founder and director of the SenSIP center and industry consortium (NSF I/UCRC). His research interests are in the areas of adaptive signal processing, speech processing, and audio sensing. He and his student team developed the computer simulation software Java-DSP (J- DSP - ISBN 0-9724984-0-0). He is author of two text books: Audio Processing and Coding by Wiley and DSP; An Interactive Approach. He served as Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing and as General

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Hoffbeck, University of Portland

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2010-842: A LABORATORY METHOD FOR TEACHINGANALOG-TO-DIGITAL AND DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERSIONJoseph Hoffbeck, University of Portland Joseph P. Hoffbeck is an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Portland in Portland, Oregon. He has a Ph.D. from Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. He previously worked with digital cell phone systems at Lucent Technologies (formerly AT&T Bell Labs) in Whippany, New Jersey. His technical interests include communication systems, digital signal processing, and remote sensing. Page 15.43.1© American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

Stimulating Broader Industrial Participation in Undergraduate Programs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Schuster, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

AC 2011-2872: AN INDUSTRY-UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIP CASE STUDYPeter Schuster, California Polytechnic State University Peter Schuster is an Associate Professor in the Mechanical Engineering department at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. His areas of interest include design, stress analysis, and biomechanics. Page 22.176.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 An Industry-University Partnership Case StudyAbstractAt many universities, senior undergraduate mechanical engineers work in teams on industry-sponsored capstone design projects. These projects provide an excellent

Collection

2009 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Orla LoPiccolo; Amit Bandyopadhyay

sustainabledevelopment and the interdependence and interrelationship of sustainable development toglobal, national, regional and local programs, policies and practices.”SUNY Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY - “Landscape Architectural DesignStudio III” “This course introduces and applies concepts of urban and regional planning,environmental planning, and landscape ecology, in the context of large-scale landscapearchitectural, community, and urban design. Emphasis will be placed upon the application ofappropriate technologies and strategies to foster environmentally and economically sustainablecommunity forms, as well as greater environmental and social equity. Occasional field trips toillustrate various design solutions.”University of Minnesota

Collection

2009 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Orla LoPiccolo; Amit Bandyopadhyay

sustainabledevelopment and the interdependence and interrelationship of sustainable development toglobal, national, regional and local programs, policies and practices.”SUNY Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY - “Landscape Architectural DesignStudio III” “This course introduces and applies concepts of urban and regional planning,environmental planning, and landscape ecology, in the context of large-scale landscapearchitectural, community, and urban design. Emphasis will be placed upon the application ofappropriate technologies and strategies to foster environmentally and economically sustainablecommunity forms, as well as greater environmental and social equity. Occasional field trips toillustrate various design solutions.”University of Minnesota

Conference Session

Track 7: Technical Session 6: Using Grant Transition Periods to Improve Program Evaluation & Offerings; Case Study: Washington Space Grant

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Elizabeth Litzler, University of Washington; Rae Jing Han, University of Washington Center for Evaluation & Research for STEM Equity; Erin Carll, University of Washington; Kam H Yee, University of Washington; Brenda N Martinez, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

; Research for STEM Equity.Dr. Erin Carll, University of Washington Erin Carll is the associate director at the University of Washington Center for Evaluation and Research for STEM Equity (CERSE). Her evaluation and research focus on efforts to expand equity and inclusion in the STEM fields, including through community building and leveraging existing assets. She currently serves on the Women in Engineering ProActive Network (WEPAN) Board of Directors and the Society for Women Engineers Research Advisory Council. Erin has published research in the fields of engineering education, housing, neighborhoods, and the carceral system. She earned a PhD and MA in sociology as well as a certificate in demographic methods and a

Conference Session

COED: Grading Systems

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Liia Butler, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Geoffrey L. Herman, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

Paper ID #40146First Try, No (Autograder) Warm Up: Motivating Quality Coding Submis-sionsLiia Butler, University of Illinois, Urbana-ChampaignDr. Geoffrey L. Herman, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Dr. Geoffrey L. Herman is the Severns Teaching Associate Professor with the Department of Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 First Try, No (Autograder) Warm Up: Motivating Quality Coding SubmissionsAbstractInstructors face the challenge of encouraging well-tested, quality code

Conference Session

Assessment in Mechanics Courses

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Lord, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Paper ID #36605The benefits of writing machine-graded final exams to becapable of more nuanced feedback in large foundationalmechanics courses.James Lord (Collegiate Assistant Professor) James earned a Ph.D. in Biomechanical Engineering from Newcastle University, England in 2012 for his work on metal- on-metal hip prostheses. He works as a collegiate assistant professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics at Virginia Tech, where he coordinates and teaches introductory courses in statics and mechanics of materials. Research interests include pedagogy and policy for large introductory mechanics

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bruce Dunne, Grand Valley State University; Melvin Cooke, GE Aviation

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2008-2489: DESIGN OF A HARDWARE PLATFORM FOR ANALOGCOMMUNICATIONS LABORATORYBruce Dunne, Grand Valley State University Since 2003, Bruce E. Dunne has been an Assistant Professor in the School of Engineering at Grand Valley State University. Prior to joining GVSU, he spent 16 years as a practicing engineer working for several large corporations. Professor Dunne received his B.S.E.E. and M.S. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and a Ph.D. from the Illinois Institute of Technology, all in Electrical Engineering. His interests include digital signal processing and communications systems. Melvin Cooke, GE Aviation

Conference Session

Technical Session 6: Modulus Topics Part 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paras Sud, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Matthew West, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Craig Zilles, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Department of Mathematics at the University of California, Davis. Prof. West holds a Ph.D. in Control and Dynamical Systems from the California Institute of Technology and a B.Sc. in Pure and Applied Mathematics from the University of Western Australia. His research is in the field of scientific computing and numerical analysis, where he works on computational algorithms for simulating complex stochastic systems such as atmospheric aerosols and feedback control. Prof. West is the recipient of the NSF CAREER award and is a University of Illinois Distinguished Teacher-Scholar and College of Engineering Education Innovation Fellow.Prof. Craig Zilles, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Craig Zilles is an Associate

Conference Session

Track : Graduate - Technical Session 7

Collection

2019 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity

Authors

Marcia Gumpertz, North Carolina State University; Rebecca Brent, Education Designs, Inc; C. Dean Campbell, North Carolina A&T State University ; Maureen Grasso, North Carolina State University; Yvette Maria Huet, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Keith A. Schimmel P.E., North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Graduate Education

Kinesiology and has been Director of the ADVANCE Faculty Affairs and Diversity Office for over 10 years. Her research is in the areas of Endocrinology, Reproductive Biology and Sexually Dimorphic Disease as well as on Mid-Career Mentoring. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019 Paper ID #24814Dr. Keith A. Schimmel P.E., North Carolina A&T State University Keith Schimmel is an Associate Professor of chemical engineering, Director of the Applied Science & Technology PhD Program, and Education Director for the NSF CREST Bioenergy Center at North Car- olina A&T State University

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

R.F. William Hollender, Montana State University; James Becker, Montana State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2010-1521: DEVELOPMENT OF A DOPPLER RADAR EXPERIMENT BOARDFOR USE IN MICROWAVE CIRCUITS AND ELECTRONICS COURSESR.F. William Hollender, Montana State UniversityJames Becker, Montana State University Page 15.399.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Development of A Doppler Radar Experiment Board For Use in Microwave Circuits and Electronics CoursesAbstractThe development of a Doppler radar experiment board and associated course content,observations from their first implementation in the fall 2009 offering of the microwave circuitscourse at Montana State University and plans for their revision and use in an upper divisionanalog electronics

Collection

2008 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

M.A. Abuhelaleh; K.M. Elleithy

Routing in Sensor Networks: Performance and Security in clustered networks M. A. Abuhelaleh, K. M. Elleithy School of Engineering, University of Bridgeport Bridgeport, CT 06606 {mabuhela, elleithy} @bridgeport.edu Abstract- Due to high restrictions in sensor network, where the resources are limited, clustering protocols forrouting organization have been proposed in much research for increasing system throughput, decreasingsystem delay and saving energy. Even these algorithms have proposed some levels of security, butbecause of their dynamic nature of

Conference Session

Disability, Neurodivergence, and Sense of Belonging in STEM: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mariah Arral, Carnegie Mellon University

Paper ID #3802610 Tips to Make Your Course More Accessible and Inclusiveto Disabled StudentsMariah Arral Mariah Arral is a 4th year Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University. Her Ph.D. advisor is Dr. Kathryn Whitehead, and her thesis research focuses on lipid nanoparticle-mediated messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery. Mariah obtained her Bachelor’s degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of New Hampshire and did her Honors thesis with Dr. Jeffrey Halpern studying electrochemical biosensors. She has received multiple awards including the National Science Foundation

Conference Session

Centering Black Experiences in STEM: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Merriweather, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Marah Lambert, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Shaunelle Casey; Cathy Howell, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Niesha Douglas

not offer a research doctorate. Inspite of this, HBCUs play a pivotal role in producing Black scientists [3], [4], [5]. HBCUs arecredited with graduating 18% of all Black science, technology, engineering, and mathematics(STEM) baccalaureate students [7], in spite of making up only 3% of higher education'sinstitutions [6], having smaller operational budgets than most Historically White Institutions(HWIS) [5], and having markedly smaller enrollments [5]. Further HBCUs account for 21 of thetop 50 institutions who have Black students graduating with baccalaureate STEM degrees whosubsequently earn a doctorate in STEM [5]. Thirty percent of all Black STEM students whoreceive a PhD from any university are alumni of a HBCU STEM undergraduate program

Conference Session

Teaching Mechanics: Modes and Methods

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phillip Cornwell, United States Air Force Academy; Matthew Snyder; Michael Anderson, P.E., United States Air Force

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics Division (MECHS)

Paper ID #36915The Evolution of a Flipped Dynamics CourseDr. Phillip Cornwell, United States Air Force Academy Phillip Cornwell is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the United States Air Force Academy and is an Emeritus Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. He received his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1989 and his present interests include structural dynamics, struc- tural health monitoring, and undergraduate engineering education. Dr. Cornwell has received an SAE Ralph R. Teetor Educational Award in 1992, and the Dean’s Outstanding Teacher award at Rose-Hulman in 2000

Conference Session

NEE Technical Session - Innovative Teaching Strategies II

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melissa Moorehouse, United States Military Academy

adoption of vocational applications in undergraduateprograms [8], and the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology’srecommendation to adopt empirically validated teaching practices that promote the increase ofscience, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) degrees [9]. The service-learning/community outreach project is a large muscle movement for thecourse instructor to solicit community and school engagement, plan and resource laboratorymaterials, and coordinate movement to and from the outdoor study site. In its current state, theservice-learning/community outreach project serves only three of those seven designed courseoutcomes. Additionally, students have a large preparatory requirement to understand

Conference Session

Bringing a Different Perspective

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Eli Broemer, Michigan State University; Geoffrey Recktenwald, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

SMART assessment, a modified mastery learning pedagogy for problem based courses. He created and co-teaches a multi-year integrated system design (ISD) project for mechanical engineering students. He is a mentor to mechanical engineering graduate teaching fellows and actively champions the adoption and use of teaching technologies. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Cheating and Chegg: a RetrospectiveAbstractIn the spring of 2020, universities across America, and the world, abruptly transitioned to onlinelearning. The online transition required faculty to find novel ways to administer assessments andin some cases, for

Conference Session

Anything New in the Mechanics of Materials?

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ing-Chang Jong, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

AC 2008-2796: DEFLECTION OF A BEAM IN NEUTRAL EQUILIBRIUM À LACONJUGATE BEAM METHOD: USE OF SUPPORT, NOT BOUNDARY,CONDITIONSIng-Chang Jong, University of Arkansas Ing-Chang Jong serves as Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Arkansas. He received a BSCE in 1961 from the National Taiwan University, an MSCE in 1963 from South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, and a Ph.D. in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics in 1965 from Northwestern University. He was Chair of the Mechanics Division, ASEE, in 1996-97. His research interests are in mechanics and engineering education. Page 13.353.1

Conference Session

Statics and Strength of Materials

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ing-Chang Jong, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

AC 2012-3998: TEACHING DEFLECTIONS OF BEAMS: ADVANTAGESOF METHOD OF MODEL FORMULAS VERSUS THOSE OF CONJU-GATE BEAM METHODDr. Ing-Chang Jong, University of Arkansas Ing-Chang Jong is a professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Arkansas. He received a B.S.C.E. in 1961 from the National Taiwan University, a M.S.C.E. in 1963 from South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, and a Ph.D. in theoretical and applied mechanics in 1965 from Northwestern Uni- versity. He and Bruce G. Rogers coauthored the textbook Engineering Mechanics: Statics and Dynamics, Oxford University Press (1991). Jong was Chair of the Mechanics Division, ASEE, 1996-1997, and re- ceived the Archie Higdon Distinguished Educator Award in

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

John Mitchell; Katherine Sanders; Chris Carlson-Dakes; Patrick Farrell

itrequires no permanent staff, permanent physical space, or long-term programmatic plan. If aninstitution wishes to get ideas introduced to its faculty without putting together resources,planning local activities or exploring local experts, it can easily look to the national media andconferences in higher education to find the names of scholars who would likely be available forworkshops. Since these people are quite well known by major organizations, and have likelypublished in education literature, it is easy to assume that their message is unique; that it is basedon information that only they or a small set of experts have access to. This assumption is closelyrelated to other commonly held attitudes in engineering about where and in whom

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 6: Bring Your Own Experiment!

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Weeks, University of Maine; Raymond Kennard, University of Maine

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

Paper ID #42464BYOE: Determination of Diffusivity via Time-lapse Imaging with a 3D-PrintedSpectrometer and a Raspberry PILisa Weeks, University of Maine Lisa Weeks is a senior lecturer of Biomedical Enginering in the Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering at the University of Maine since 2017. She teaches several of the core fundamental courses including hands on laboratory courses.Dr. Raymond Kennard, University of Maine Dr Raymond Kennard, after graduating with a B.S. in Chemistry from Ithaca College in 1999, returned to his home state of Maine to teach chemistry at Fryeburg Academy. After four years of teaching

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division (COED) Track 6.C

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aimee Allard, North Carolina State University at Raleigh

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

developing proofs-of-concept and prototypes for sponsors in the tech, education, and non-profit sectors, but the course itself is an innovative model of multidisciplinary pedagogy, with instructors from CS and Writing backgrounds working together to teach and mentor soon-to-be NC State graduates. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2025 A Survey of Task Planning: Pre- and Post-Assessment of a Project Management Activity in the Computer Science Senior CapstoneAbstract: Task planning is a foundational project management activity in North Carolina StateUniversity’s Computer Science (CS) senior capstone wherein student teams collaborativelyoutline

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 11: Program Descriptions and Learning Analytics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jasmine Batten, Florida International University; Alexandra Strong, Florida International University; Monique Ross, Florida International University; Elodie Billionniere, Miami Dade Community College; Myrian Herlle, Florida International University

challenge the perceptions of who belong in computing.Elodie Billionniere Dr. Billionniere is a Senior Associate Professor in the School of Engineering and Technology at Miami Dade College (MDC), where she leads the Cloud Computing Literacy Initiative. She has helped MDC secure over $3 million in federal funding the past three years for STEM and emerging technology education program. Dr. Billionniere's leadership and mentoring have been celebrated and recognized, most recently with the 2021-2023 The Northern Trust Bank of Florida Endowed Teaching Chair and 2019 Women of Color STEM’s College-Level Promotion of Education Award.Myrian Vidal-Herlle Myrian Herlle has been serving as an academic advisor for the Knight Foundation

Collection

ASEE Middle Atlantic 2022 Fall Conference

Authors

Suzanne Keilson, Loyola University Maryland

Mid-Atlantic section as well as ASME and IEEE. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2022Abstract:This paper presents an analysis of the Leap Motion as an occupational therapy tool. The LeapMotion’s speed, ease of use, accuracy and price make it a competitive alternative to thegoniometer, a commonly used tool for angle measurement. The Leap Motion, a hand gesturetracking system was analyzed with respect to its angle measuring capabilities. Existing software,BREKEL Pro Hands® was used in conjunction with the Leap Motion® to generate an Excel®worksheet of hand data. These data were analyzed utilizing MATLAB® to calculate joint angles.The joint angle measurements were

Collection

1981 North Midwest Section

Authors

Lester W. Spencer

FIBER OPTICS For Non-EE Educators Lester W. Spencer Lake Superior State College Fiber optics is a technological break-through thatis having a revolutionary impact on the electronic industryand the field of medicine. Television signals can easilybe carried over a single fiber, thereby opening up newpossibilities for both entertainment and business purposes.Buildings can be "wired", with the almost invisible fibers,to provide internal communication services. Much of the cabling that interconnects metropolitantelephone switching centers goes through underground ducts.Light-wave communications with their high capacity andsmall size not only are making

Collection

2010 North Midwest Section

Authors

Vincent Winstead

a software conversionsolution.The target processor is one of the class of PIC18 8-bit (data path) microcontrollersavailable through Microchip Co. The engineering and technology department has Proceedings of the 2010 ASEE North Midwest Sectional Conferenceutilized PIC microcontrollers for multiple courses and laboratory experiences as well asencouraged their use in senior design experiences due to their low relative cost, freelyavailable student versions of a fully integrated IDE (Integrated DevelopmentEnvironment) and because of the department's investment in programming hardware usedto write/erase the onboard Flash memory. The embedded course covers an overview andtutorial of the Microchip IDE software package called MPLAB

Collection

2018 ASEE Zone IV Conference

Authors

John Y Oliver, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Cassidy Elwell

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Paper ID #241572018 ASEE Zone IV Conference: Boulder, Colorado Mar 25Effective Competitions for Broadening Participation in CybersecurityDr. John Y Oliver, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Dr. Oliver is an associate professor of Electrical Engineering and is the director of the Computer Engi- neering program at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. Dr. Oliver is also a program director for the California Cyber Training Complex (CCTC). His field of expertise is in computer architecture, system performance analysis and digital forensics. His teaching activities focus on embedded systems, digital circuit design