Conference Session

MIND: Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S.K. Sen, Florida Institute of Technology; Gholam Ali Shaykhian, NASA

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

’s (Lorenz 1963; Baker and Gollub 1996; Flake 2001). The dictionary meaning of the word “chaos” is complete disorder or confusion. Chaosin science and engineering refers to an apparent lack of order in a system thatnevertheless obeys certain laws and rules. This understanding of chaos is the same as thatof dynamical instability. Deterministic system can produce results which are chaotic andappear to be random. But these are not technically random because the events can bemodeled by a nonlinear procedure/formula. The pseudo-random number generator in acomputer is an example of such a system. A system which is stable, linear or non-chaoticunder certain conditions may degenerate into randomness or unpredictability (may bepartial) under other

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Focused on Female Students

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary B. Isaac, HEDGE Co.

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

some period of time, until the protégés are capable of making expertise-relatedchoices autonomously.There are many cases where the duration of the mentoring relationship is just a few hours,typically at an outreach, i.e., recruiting-type event, with contact between mentor and protégé ofshort duration, often less than eight hours [9]. In many cases, the mentor vis-à-vis role model andprotégé(s) will most likely never meet again, so first impressions often become ONLYimpressions. The member volunteers who interact during these “one and done” events withstudents and the adults who accompany them are defined as “role models” for this study.Overview of studySince 2010, in collaboration with Exxon Mobil, Design Squad, and the Girl Scouts of the

Conference Session

Examining Social Ties and Networks

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Kristine Sheridan, University of Toronto; Penny Kinnear, University of Toronto; Greg Evans, University of Toronto; Doug Reeve, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

meeting that we video recorded. In this meeting, Team2 spent the majority of their time planning their final presentation. This was the next coursedeliverable following the meeting, and Team 2 focused heavily on creating a presentation that fitthe course requirements but was also memorable. This clip presents the first decision the teammade around their presentation structure and medium – What medium(s) should the team use toconvey their design? Seated from left to right around the table at the start of the clip shown inFigure 5-3 are: Yin, Meghan, Jing, Analyn, Zoya, and Wu.Figure 5-3

Conference Session

Engineering Futures: Navigating the Pathways of Education, Inclusion, and Professional Growth

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shannon Katherine Gilmartin, Stanford University; Sara Jordan-Bloch, Stanford University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

, or stretch, assignments are critical levers of mobility [1].Organizations and managers curate and allocate these types of assignments informally, usingthem as a means to develop leadership skills, identify people ready for promotion and the “fasttrack”, and build succession plans [2], [3]. Software engineering managers in Tobias Neely etal.’s [1] case flagged that stretch assignments need to have an element of building new skills andcapacities (stretches were routinely described as “getting out of your comfort zone”) and anelement of visibility in the organization and to managers and leaders. Career advancement forthese engineers, in other words, revolved around proving competence in novel areas that hadstrategic importance to the business

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 13

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marjan Naghshbandi, University of Toronto; Sharon Ferguson, University of Toronto; Alison Olechowski, University of Toronto

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

-building outcomes.Together, prior findings that suggest support programs enhance students’ social capital and socialcapital’s relevance for persistence in CS motivate our study into whether students acquired socialcapital from CSSI, how CSSI’s design and environment influenced students’ access to socialcapital, and whether participants’ outgoing social capital impacted their persistence in CS. ● RQ1: What form(s) of social capital in CS did students acquire from CSSI? ● RQ2: What were features of CSSI that influenced students’ access to social capital in CS? ● RQ3: How did access to social capital from CSSI impact students’ persistence in CS?MethodsHosted by Google and first launched in 2008 [51], CSSI’s name recognition and maturityenabled

Conference Session

Research Methodologies – Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy L. Brooks, Oregon State University; James L. Huff, Harding University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

Conference Session

Disciplinary Engineering Education Research – Session 2

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sakshi Solanki, Utah State University; kiana kheiri; Marissa A Tsugawa, Utah State University ; Hamid Karimi, Utah State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

me because I am too… Blond? [S Contractions o you are breaking up with me because I am too…✨Neurodive rgent✨] Remove So you are breaking up with me because I am too Blond So y Punctuation and ou are breaking up with me because I am too Neurodivergent Symbols Convert to Lower so you are breaking up with me because i am too blond so y Case ou are breaking up with me because i am too neurodivergent Remove breaking blond breaking neurodivergent Stopwords Lemmatize break blond break neurodivergent Tokenize WordList(['break', 'blond', 'break', 'neurodivergent'])5.4.3. Describing the CorpusPrior to training the LDA model, we first explored the contents of

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division (FYP) - Technical Session 4: Supporting Success 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristin Kelly Frady, Clemson University; Randi Sims, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

viewtransfer students through a variety of accumulated capital in an assets-based perspective. It alsohas the ability to illuminate new more accessible and diverse pathways into STEM andengineering baccalaureate education and fields of practice.AcknowledgmentThis material is based upon work support by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.EEC 2144213. References[1] F. Laanan, S. Starobin, and L. Eggleston, “Adjustment of community college students at a four-year university: Role and relevance of transfer student capital for student retention,” J Coll Stud Ret, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 175–209, Jan. 2010, doi: 10.2190/CS.12.2.d.[2] The College Board, “Improving student transfer from

Conference Session

PCEE Session 13: Equity in P-12 Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Lilly, University of Virginia; Anne McAlister, University of Virginia; Jennifer Chiu, University of Virginia

), Impact of Elementary School Teachers' Enacted Engineering Design-Based Science Instruction on Student Learning (Fundamental) Paper presented at 2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, New Orleans, Louisiana. https:/doi.org/10.18260/p.25540Cunningham, C. M., Lachapelle, C. P., Brennan, R. T., Kelly, G. J., Tunis, C. S. A., & Gentry, C. A. (2020). The impact of engineering curriculum design principles on elementary students’ engineering and science learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 57(3), 423-453. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21601Dare, E. A., Ellis, J. A., & Roehrig, G. H. (2014). Driven by beliefs: Understanding challenges physical science teachers face when

Conference Session

Design Methodologies 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico; Madalyn Wilson-Fetrow, University of New Mexico; Yan Chen, University of New Mexico; Eva Chi, University of New Mexico; Abhaya K. Datye, University of New Mexico; Sang M. Han, University of New Mexico; Jamie Gomez, University of New Mexico; Andrew Olewnik, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

findings from a longitudinal study of engineering students," in Proceedings of the Research in Engineering Education Symposium. Presented at the Research in Engineering Education Symposium (REES), Davos, Switzerland, 2008.[4] N. Mentzer, K. Becker, and M. Sutton, "Engineering design thinking: High school students' performance and knowledge," Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 104, no. 4, pp. 417- 432, 2015.[5] J. Strobel, J. Wang, N. R. Weber, and M. Dyehouse, "The role of authenticity in design- based learning environments: The case of engineering education," Computers & Education, vol. 64, pp. 143-152, 2013.[6] S. Papert and I. Harel, "Situating constructionism," in Constructionism, S. Papert

Conference Session

Moral Development and Ethics Assessment in Engineering

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Rockwell Franklin Clancy III, Delft University of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

York: McGraw-Hill, 2009.[3] I. Van de Poel and L. Royakkers, Ethics, Technology, and Engineering: An Introduction. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.[4] C. E. Harris, M. Davis, M. S. Pritchard, and M. J. Rabins, “Engineering Ethics: What? Why? How? And When?,” J. Eng. Educ., vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 93–96, 1996, doi: 10.1002/j.2168-9830.1996.tb00216.x.[5] J. L. Hess and G. Fore, “A Systematic Literature Review of US Engineering Ethics Interventions,” Sci. Eng. Ethics, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 551–583, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s11948- 017-9910-6.[6] M. A. Holsapple, T. S. Harding, D. D. Carpenter, J. A. Sutkus, and C. J. Finelli, “Framing Faculty and Student Discrepancies in Engineering Ethics Education Delivery,” J. Eng

Conference Session

Understanding Students' Authentic and Reflective Experiences of Ethics Education

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Stephanie Claussen, San Francisco State University; Shiloh James Howland, Brigham Young University; Swetha Nittala, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

such empirical evidence, faculty and administrators are often left with little more thananecdotal insights to guide the development of curricula and programs. To address this gap, inS. Claussen and S. Howland contributed equally to this paper and share joint first-authorship.2015 we initiated an NSF-sponsored, mixed-methods study that used multiple measures andtheoretical frameworks to explore how understandings of social and ethical responsibility changeamong undergraduate engineering students during a four-year engineering degree program, bothin general and in relation to specific learning environments and experiences.Our study design included interviews and surveys in Year 1, a repeat survey administration in thestudents’ fifth semester

Conference Session

History of Aerospace Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Eberhardt, Boeing Company; Narayanan Komerath, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

Technology. Georgia Tech’s record of training Armyengineers and aviators since WWI was probably the deciding factor, and it was with theinitiative of Army officers deputed to the Guggenheim Foundation, that the final schoolselection was madex. A grant of $300,000 was used to construct a building around anine-foot wind tunnel and invest in bonds for the future. In the following sections moredetails on the evolution of each of the seven schools to their present state will bepresented.New York University As mentioned in the introduction New York University (NYU) was the firstGuggenheim School, and the recipient of the largest grant. NYU developed excellentfacilities and was a renowned center for years. In the 1940’s it was joined by its cross-town

Conference Session

Pre-College: Fundamental Research in Engineering Education (2)

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian Hartman, Walla Walla University; Randy L. Bell, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet Callahan, Boise State University; Donna C. Llewellyn, Boise State University; Vicki Stieha, Boise State University; Ann E. Delaney, Boise State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

facilitator was aloneduring the second focus group. Although a small group, we gained valuable insights into ourquestions as the participants engaged in conversations with one another as well as the facilitator.During each session, notes were taken including verbatim comments as well as the nature of theconversation. A voice recorder was used as back up and furnished the ability to transcribehighlighted sections of the focus group that corresponded to emergent themes from the surveyfor the analysis.18 These qualitative data were added to the open-ended responses on the surveyand descriptively coded19 with the assistance of NVIVO software. Where we have excerptedquotes from the data, survey narratives (S) or focus group (F) are indicated for

Conference Session

Mechanics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew R. Sloboda, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

⇤ ⇤ ⇤ ⇤ ⇤ Q3: The scenario presented in this problem seems realistic.Figure 6 shows the electrical modeling problem presented to the system dynamics class. For thisproblem, the context-rich version contained narrative placing the problem-solver in the role of astudent dealing with data being contaminated by 60 Hz line noise and also identified the circuitas a band stop filter.A) Consider the circuit shown in the figure below. L Vin C R Vout (a) Write a transfer function that relates the input voltage Vin to the output voltage Vout . (b) Of the three circuit components, which one(s) might be changed to alter the natural frequency of this circuit?B) Please answer the following

Conference Session

Minoritization Processes and Critical Responses

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Madeleine Jennings, Arizona State University; Rod D. Roscoe, Arizona State University; Nadia N. Kellam, Arizona State University; Suren Jayasuriya, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

-class, and homosexual men and women. Therewere some exceptions belonging to bisexuals in the same demographic groups. Largely, thistheme described older works (late 1990’s to early 2000’s), and this body of work constituted thefoundation of what researchers know about the experiences of the LGBTQIA+ community(D’Augelli, 1992; Dilley, 2002). Privileged members of the LGBT community are largely white,male, cisgender, and middle-class. Ongoing research on this group is likely enforced bysampling. As Renn (2010) mentioned, “there is no longer a gap in the literature” with regard toLGB research in higher education. This trend seems to be reflected in other disciplines. Renndid, however, mention that as of 2010, there was still a gap in the

Conference Session

Active learning in BME, Session II

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John R Clegg, University of Texas, Austin; K. R. Diller, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

MD Anderson Cancer Center, and UT HSC Houston, and is also a former Chairman of the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Dr. Diller is an internationally recognized authority in heat and temperature related processes in living tissues and how they may be applied in the design of therapeutic devices. His first studies in the 1960’s were related to the frozen banking of cells and tissues for transplantation. He has also pursued advanced analysis of burn injury occurrence and treatment and the application of thermal therapy for cancer. Currently he is focused on the use of temperature manipulation to enhance the healing of injured soft tissues, the development of a new generation of safer and more effective

Conference Session

Underrepresented Populations

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Srinjita Bhaduri, University of Colorado, Boulder; Katie Van Horne; John Daniel Ristvey Jr., UCAR Center for Science Education; Randy Russell, UCAR Center for Science Education; Tamara Sumner

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 11

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Liping Liu, Lawrence Technological University; James A. Mynderse, Lawrence Technological University; Robert W Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University; Andrew L Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

mesmerizing fountain display. He has seen the fabulous Bellagio Fountains, and enjoys the interesting fountain in the McNamara Terminal of the Detroit Metropolitan Airport. He wants something that will be appropriate for his wilderness resort. After learning of your vast new knowledge of fluid mechanics, he has asked you to design a fountain. As a member of the National Fluid Power Association, Uncle Mort requires that one or more of the nozzles is controlled by a hydraulic system which will allow the nozzle(s) to move the water jet(s) in some sort of pattern. The water jet(s) from the movable nozzle(s) must be high enough pressure to allow for a sufficient water height. He wants this fountain to be an attraction for his customers

Conference Session

Active Learning and Undergraduate Research in ET

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yanjun Yan, Western Carolina University; Sudhir Kaul, Western Carolina University; Chip W. Ferguson, Western Carolina University; Paul M. Yanik, Western Carolina University; April Tallant, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

abroad experience. Given the 24 required credit hours,if a student comes in as a freshman, s/he can finish 3 Honors credit hours per semester (requiredto maintain Honors College good standing) and graduate in 4 years (or 8 semesters) with anHonors diploma. However, if a student transfers in at practically the sophomore level, s/he has todouble up on his/her Honors course or Honors contract in two semesters, which can bechallenging and time-consuming. Practically, it is not recommended for juniors or seniors toconsider Honors College, if they are not already in the Honors College.Although the 24 Honors credit hours can be earned through either Honors courses or Honorscontracts, the engineering and technology students have little to no capacity

Conference Session

First-year Programs Division Technical Session 6: Hands-on Projects and Spatial Skills

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Ocif Love, Northeastern University; Susan F Freeman, Northeastern University; Kris Jaeger-Helton, Northeastern University; Richard Whalen, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

believed that the Center andits resources were “important” or “essential” to their academic success in their first-yearengineering course(s). In addition, the majority of students’ activities in the Learning Center thatsupported their engineering coursework included working on team design projects, using thenetwork computers, attending a special first-year class, using the 3D printers, using hand tools tobuild a project, using the space to meet with classmates, and getting help from teaching assistantsand faculty members. Qualitative analyses revealed that students generally valued the resourcesin the Learning Center but remarked –not surprisingly– that the Center’s actual operationalspace, which is only 700 ft2 of the total 1600 ft2, was too

Conference Session

Nuclear and Radiological Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark A. Prelas, University of Missouri, Columbia; Matthew L. Watermann, NSEI - University of Missouri; Denis Alexander Wisniewski; Janese Annetta Neher, Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute-University of Missouri Columbia; Charles Lyndell Weaver III, University of Missouri - Columbia

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

2014.Nuclear-Pumped Laser (NPL) technology was a part of the strategic defense initiative (SDI)program in the 1980’s. NPLs have since faded from the United States research agenda but theyremain an active part of the research agenda in other countries, notably in Russia and othernations in the former Soviet Union as well as China [1] which has a cooperative agreement withRussia [2]. The reason for this broad interest in the technology is that a NPL can scale to highpower/energy levels (potentially up to 100 MW Continuous Wave (CW) beam power). Militaryapplications have historically dominated the NPL research agenda. However, there aresignificant humanitarian applications for high power/energy lasers. For example a high powerCW NPL would have

Conference Session

Engineering Design: Implementation and Evaluation

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shanna Daly, University of Michigan; Seda Yilmaz, University of Michigan; Colleen Seifert, University of Michigan; Richard Gonzalez, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

generation of concept 7, the drying rack, he emphasized the constraints of"inexpensive and portable." He also indicated flexibility in the way he interpreted the problemstatement: The problem indicated the need to design a food cooker, but he recognized the deeperproblem was that users' goals were to eat. Thus, he expanded from a strict definition of“cooking” to include designs for warming and drying other foods.Case Study 2: Engineer 2. Six diverse concepts were identified in Engineer 2's work. His firstconcept was a magnifying glass aimed at a metal pot with a cover. “Basically we’re going tomagnify the sunlight, if it were frying ants. Hopefully that will fry the water and people will behappy.” His second concept was a black pot with the driving

Conference Session

Teaching Team Skills Through Design

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Steve Shooter; Soundar Kumara; Robert Stone; Timothy Simpson; Janis Terpenny

Conference Session

Learning and Assessment II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amir Karimi, University of Texas, San Antonio; Randall D. Manteufel, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

⎟ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠0 = m& (hi − he ) or hi = he Page 25.228.7 • • • ∑T Qj + m(si − se) ) + σ cvdScv = dt j j• • •m(si − s e ) + σ cv = 0 or s e = si + σ cv • mWe have noticed that many students write the equation for the first law of

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division: Best of FPD

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shabnam Wahed, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Nicole P. Pitterson, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

research exists on its influence on classroom practices in first-yearengineering courses. The central question driving this research is: How does instructors'pedagogical knowledge influence their pedagogical practices for first-year engineering courses?For this study, we chose the model of teacher professional knowledge and skill (TPK&S), whichincludes pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). A descriptive case study was utilized as amethodology for this work to delve into the phenomenon. The context of the study was a first-year introductory engineering course offered at a large public research institution. This is a pilotstudy for an NSF-funded project “Advancing Student-Centered Teaching for DisciplinaryKnowledge Building in Engineering

Conference Session

Institutional inclusion: Advancing equity and belongingness in engineering education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teirra K Holloman, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education; Julia Machele Brisbane, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Natali Huggins; Walter C. Lee, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; David B Knight, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

members play an integral part in creating organizational change in graduateeducation; thus, their readiness for change can greatly impact the success of the change initiative.Change readiness can be defined as an individual’s or organization’s ability and willingness tosuccessfully undertake and adapt to change [39], [40]. Change readiness has been studied at boththe individual and organizational level [41]. According to Rafferty et al.’s [40]MultilevelFramework of the Antecedents and Consequences of Readiness for Change, individuals areready for organizational change if they believe that 1) change is needed, 2) the individual ororganization can undertake the change, and 3) there will be positive outcomes from the change.Most literature is

Conference Session

Architechtural Engineering Eduction: Emergent Topics

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Jan Cowan, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Craig Greene, College of the North Atlantic; Modibo Boubacar Traore, Purdue University, School of Engineering and Technology; Wanda L. Worley, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Tarawut Boonlua, Mahasarakham University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

teaching.Place all of this discourse within a context of that country‟s primary belief system and thelandscape changes as well. This paper‟s discussion focuses on Thailand and a country that isprimarily Buddhist and naturally the lessons about teaching become tempered with Buddhistphilosophy and practices. It is extremely interesting to North Americans to watch this interplayof Buddhist culture within architectural and design education. If one explores these articles thatcouch this education within design, the number of articles that compare the practices of teachingto North American practices of teaching is lean and, in an architectural context, the literaturetypically strays to a focus upon how Buddhist principles affect construction or design

Conference Session

TAC/ABET Related Outcome Based Assessment Methods and Models

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitchell L. Springer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mark T. Schuver, Purdue University, West Lafayette, College of Technology; Michael J. Dyrenfurth, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

that the intent was to ascertain whether the outcomes of the program, as mutuallyviewed by the WMP’s administrators and graduates, have been satisfied. And, if so, to whatdegree or level of quality? Additionally, because the findings were used to improve the operationand content of the WMP the design clearly incorporated a formative aspect.After establishing the evaluation design described in the preceding paragraphs, the researchersdeveloped a set of 6 research question(s) that served to structure the data gathering: 1. What is the overall assessment of the WMP by its graduates over time (i.e., by cohort)? 2. What are the participant’s assessments of the WMP’s effects on their personal portfolio of skills (by cohort)? 3. Is there