Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Technical Session 3: Design of Novel Energy-Related Courses and Course Materials

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ira Harkness, University of Florida

continues to codewords used in the Manhattan Project. The many new concepts in nuclear physics made itnecessary to invent new terms, such as barn. This small surface, 10-24 cm2, is “as big as a barn”for nuclear processes.The course does not have a final exam; instead, students write an essay on a topic of their choicethat connects their major (e.g., biology, economics, or history) with nuclear engineering. Pastessays have covered flora and fauna in the Chernobyl exclusion zone, the economics of nuclearpower plants, and the ethical issues regarding radioactive waste disposal. Nuclear engineeringmajors choose an essay topic related to an area of nuclear engineering they might be consideringfor a future career.The first offering of the newly developed

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beena Ajmera, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Sarah Crary, North Dakota State University; Christi McGeorge, North Dakota State University

of the results and findings,(5) discussing their results, and (6) presenting their results via poster presentations. The secondset of workshops focused on curriculum development with the intent of assisting the teachers totranslate their hands-on research experiences into curriculum for their classrooms. Workshopswere geared towards: (1) identifying applicable educational standards, (2) preparing pacingguides and “I can” statements, (3) writing daily lesson plans, (4) developing summativeassessments and (5) peer reviews. Plenty of content was freely available to the RET teamthrough various sources to support these workshops. However, the development of contentspecific to the site goals made it possible to focus on the essentials, allocating

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lacy White, University of Texas at Austin; Carly Eressy, University of Texas at Austin

continue to have a supportiveand enriching environment, and therefore prefer to send their students to a graduate school wherethey have some first-hand knowledge of the environment [5]. Through faculty connections wehave been able to partner with the National Society of Black Engineers chapter at an HBCU inour state to offer an admissions information session and partnered with an HSI in our state tointroduce undergraduate engineers to medical physics, a research area in our department that hasa number of new faculty.Another common barrier we identified was a lack of quality mentorship for some applicants.Applicants from diversity groups may not have the same mentorship opportunities as their peers,and thus may have been exposed to fewer resources

Conference Session

Using Research in Engineering Ed

Collection

ASEE Southeast Section Conference

Authors

Adeel Khalid, Kennesaw State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Professional Engineering Education Papers

foundational information and gain researchexperiences. Junior students are paired with more experienced students to learn the technicalaspects of design. Short lectures / hands-on instruction is done throughout the semester. Thecourse is structured according to the best practices for collaborative projects. There are frequentopportunities for students to receive feedback by peers and the instructor at different phases ofthe research. Students get the opportunity to work individually and in teams. The team meets in © American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 2023 ASEE Southeastern Section Conferencesub-groups multiple times during the week. There is also a weekly meeting for the entire team

Collection

2023 Rocky Mountain Section Conference

Authors

Jessica Rush Leeker; Lyndsay Ruane; Hannah Sanders; Robertha Richardson

practice of innovation acrossinstitutional boundaries, would effectively prepare the next generation of innovators andengineers to address systemic and institutional racism and whiteness within STEM. One of theways we wanted to tackle this was by community engagement. Community engagement insome phases of engineering projects is known worldwide. However, community engagement inall phases, including the grant writing process, is minimal.This STEM-focused community-engaged project involves two institutions, including apredominately white institution (PWI) and Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU).These institutions are working together for a common and beneficial goal of creating change ina community, a platform for collaboration and

Conference Session

Committee on Educational Policy Presents: Holistic Program Topics

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea L Welker, P.E., The College of New Jersey; Leslie Nolen, American Society of Civil Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

to the undergraduate education of civil engineers. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Bowling Alone and Leaving Students Behind: Placing ASEE Civil Engineering Division Membership Trends in ContextAbstractMembership in the Civil Engineering Division of the American Society for EngineeringEducation (ASEE) peaked at 680 in 2008. At the time of writing, membership has decreased byapproximately 25% from that peak. This trend is consistent with declines in most divisions inProfessional Interest Council (PIC) IV, which includes the Civil Engineering Division; the onlydivisions seeing growth in PIC IV were First Year Programs and Minorities in Engineering.Overall, membership in ASEE

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer M. Case, Virginia Tech; Holly M. Matusovich, Virginia Tech; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Tech; Lisa Benson, Clemson University; David A. Delaine, The Ohio State University; Shawn S. Jordan, Arizona State University; Rachel Louis Kajfez, The Ohio State University; Susan M. Lord, University of San Diego; Rhonda Papp, University of San Diego; Edward Tyler Young, The Ohio State University; Yevgeniya V. Zastavker, Olin College of Engineering

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

and Science Education at Clemson University, and the past editor of the Journal of Engineering Education. Her research focuses on the interactions between student motivation and their learning experiences. Her projects include studies of student perceptions, beliefs and attitudes towards becoming engineers and scientists, and their development of problem-solving skills, self- regulated learning practices, and epistemic beliefs. Other projects in the Benson group involve students’ navigational capital, and researchers’ schema development through the peer review process. Dr. Benson is an American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Fellow, and a member of the European Society for Engineering Education (SEFI

Collection

2005 GSW

Authors

Richard Bannerot

4.45 0.82 I liked the fact that there were peer evaluations.28 19 7 1 55 4.33 0.83 My team work skills have improved.29 17 6 3 1 56 4.25 0.97 My technical writing skills have improved.24 16 11 2 3 56 4.00 1.12 My planning and time management skills have improved. 1 The students were asked to express their level of agreement or disagreements with each statement using: 5 for strongly agree; 4 for agree; 3 for neutral; 2 for disagree; and 1 for strongly disagree. 2 Not all students responded to all statements. Table 4: Results from End-of-the-Semester

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 9

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Uma Balaji, Fairfield University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

exciting way to introduce school students to different STEM fields, sincethe students will be exposed to engineering, sciences as well as computer programming.Increasingly, engineering schools embed mentoring opportunities for undergraduate studentsthrough robotics club activities [2,3]. Some schools provide service learning credit for coursesin robotics [4] in their curriculum. When mentoring middle/high school children, it is essentialto communicate the fundamental concepts in simple, easy to understand and for-fun ways.Studies indicate that a practice of journal writing about the mentoring activity [5] and usingreflection leads to improved mentoring. This can improve among mentors the ability tocommunicate complex engineering topics to lay and

Conference Session

Computers in Education 7 - Modulus 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Anu Aggarwal, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

access to gradedsolutions, that were available to them throughout the course. The instructors could also retain acopy of student solutions for future reference.Before covid-induced lockdown, exams were conducted in person in the classroom. Post-covidlockdown, the exams were moved to zoom. Exam questions were posted online on blackboard,students could download them and attempt the questions on paper while sitting in front of aphone/laptop camera over zoom. This method was chosen since the students did not want to usemore intrusive software like proctorio. Also, we wanted to give a non-multiple-choice questionexam that students could hand write. We wanted to monitor the students while they were takingthe exam to allow them to ask questions and to

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ben Ralph Bernard, North Dakota State University; Jeremy Straub, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

information systems, networking, web sitedevelopment, and how to write computer programs with Python. As a general education course,it is available to any student to use to complete the requirements for their degree. As a result,students enrolled in the course have diverse academic backgrounds and a wide range of priorexperience with computer science concepts.Course material is divided into weekly subjects ranging from an introduction to informationtechnology and networking, creating a webpage using raw HTML, to an introduction toalgorithms and programing concepts with Python. Each week, recorded lectures, course slides,and related online materials are provided via the university’s online course management system(Blackboard). Classroom lectures can

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

D. Cenk Erdil, Sacred Heart University; Kevin N. Bowlyn, Sacred Heart University; Joshua Randall, Sacred Heart University

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

Paper ID #34473A Hands-on Learning Approach to Introducing Computer Organization andArchitecture to Early-college StudentsDr. D. Cenk Erdil, Sacred Heart University Dr. Erdil has joined Sacred Heart University’s School of Computer Science & Engineering in Fall 2017. Prior to SHU, he has held academic positions at Marist College, Columbia University, and Istanbul Bilgi University. His research interests include using Cloud Computing as Artificial Intelligence Infrastructures, Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet-of-Things, Teaching coding to P-12 students, and Health Informat- ics. He is the author of numerous peer

Conference Session

Approaches to Assessment and Student Reflection

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Catherine Marie Hamel, University of Maryland; W. Ethan Eagle, University of Maryland

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

questions • One-or-Two Level 3 questions. These assess Fluency, the application of multiple concepts in a new way. Following the language analogy, Level 3 shows fluency of the thermodynamics language, able to write and speak about complex topicsA defined grading rubric delivered via online Learning Management System (LMS)Conceptual Fluency moves away from generous and sometimes laborious partial credit andtowards a binary grading technique using a strictly-defined rubric. We award full credit for a fullyconceptually and numerically correct solution. For any answer with numeric or conceptual errors,we initially award no points. Defined partial-credit is discussed below.We also adopted a new LMS to help us quickly operationalize and

Conference Session

First-year Programs: Retention and Bridge Programs #1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sonia M. Bartolomei-Suarez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Manuel A. Jimenez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Luisa Guillemard, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Oscar Marcelo Suarez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Aidsa I. Santiago-Roman, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Nayda G. Santiago, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Carla Lopez Del Puerto, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Pedro O. Quintero, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Nelson Cardona-Martínez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Anidza Valentin, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

of low-income,academically talented students (LIATS). This paper describes the design of a novel engineeringlearning community (ELC) introduced as part of the PEARLS project interventions. The ELC isfostered through activities included in a course designed for PEARLS first-year students. Duringthe course, first-year and senior students engaged in different ways: through senior design andcapstone projects, peer demonstrations of team projects, and lab visits. We discuss the coursestructure, activities, and early findings of its implementation.IntroductionGraduation and attrition rates are commonly used metrics when assessing the level of student’ssuccess in higher education institutions. Colleges with high graduation rates and low attrition

Conference Session

Experiences of Underrepresented Students in Engineering

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Abbas Ghassemi, University of California, Merced; Christopher A. Butler, University of California, Merced

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

shown that access to peer role models increases academicpersistence [1], [2]. It has also been shown that retention of URM and women is increasedthrough project-based learning or experiential learning pedagogies and techniques[3]-[10].Moreover, URM students often have a limited perspective of their contributions to improvingtechnology due to social issues such as a lack of exposure to engineering and science professionsand having personal role models in their local community who are scientists or engineers.Furthermore, when URM students enter STEM fields, many fail to see the connection betweentheir studies and real-world problems because gateway courses in current curricula fail to makethat connection explicit [10], [11

Collection

2020 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

Leslie Bartsch Massey, University of Arkansas; Aysa Galbraith, University of Arkansas; Heath Aren Schluterman, University of Arkansas; Brandon Crisel; Candace Auburn Rainwater, University of Arkansas

college algebra.The Fundamentals of Success in Engineering (SES) Course DescriptionThe primary goal of SES is to help students with lower placement develop study skills beforethey are pushed into mathematically rigorous courses. The course was initially developed aroundthe Studying Engineering: A Road Map to a Rewarding Career (Landis, 2013). Using the text asa guide, students explored lessons that challenged them to think more about why they wanted tobecome an engineer, what would be required to become an engineer, and what professional skillsthey needed to be successful. The course culminated with the writing project “Design YourProcess for Becoming a World-Class Engineering Student” in which students appliedengineering design concepts to

Conference Session

Diversity, Inclusion, and Access

Collection

2021 Illinois-Indiana Regional Conference

Authors

La'Tonia Stiner-Jones, The Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Diversity, Inclusion, and Access

. Wecompleted the first of three research experiences thus far. Here we expand upon currentknowledge to show the role of professional development in preparing students for graduate studyand research in the field of BMMB.Each week participants attended professional development seminars focused on topics tofacilitate their success in the application process and graduate school, writing a resume andcompetitive application materials, how to write an abstract and give presentations, and what toexpect and how to be successful in graduate school. Throughout the summer studentsparticipated in weekly journal clubs with faculty to help them understand faculty mentor researchand the discipline of BMMB. Facility tours helped students see firsthand the types of

Collection

Proceedings of the 2020 ASEE PSW Section Conference, canceled

Authors

Tina Smilkstein, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo; Jissell Christine Jose, California Polytechnic University San Luis Obispo; Vicente Jesus Rios; Maria Cortelyou Pieroni, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Project is to keep present students invested in a welcoming environment andmake sure new students feel welcomed and know that they are expected to welcome others.Though it was a minor event, we put a put a 6-foot sheet of poster paper out before a new studentevent and asked present students to write messages welcoming the new students. We made itclear that the poster was a Diversity Project Poster and there were many messages of support toALL new students. We felt that just writing that on a poster reminded the present students to begood classmates as well keeping them invested in providing a welcoming environment to thenew students and each other. We displayed the poster for the new students and we noticed sometaking note.Since we are techies we

Collection

Middle Atlantic ASEE Section Spring 2021 Conference

Authors

Jennie Perey Saxe, University of Delaware

Tagged Topics

Diversity

progressing in the practice of civil engineering disciplines. Withinthis Body of Knowledge, communication is identified as one of the professional outcomesnecessary for successful civil engineering practice.Of course, developing communication skills begins as early as K-12 education. Once studentsenter their collegiate course of study, academia, industry, and the students themselves must seekout and integrate communication study and practice into their engineering training [2]. Althougheffective communication is critical to the practice of civil engineering, it has been identified as askill missing from engineering curricula in general [3]. Communication skills are not onlynecessary for the tasks of writing reports and giving presentations: effective

Conference Session

Diverse Issues in Renewable Energy

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farshid Zabihian, West Virginia University Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Paper ID #16410Introduction of Renewable Energy to High School Students in a SummerCamp: Hands-on Experimental ApproachDr. Farshid Zabihian, West Virginia University Institute of Technology Farshid Zabihian, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering West Virginia Uni- versity Institute of Technology Education: Ph.D., Mechanical Engineering,Ryerson University, 2011 M.S. Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, 1998 B.S. Mechanical Engineering, Amir Kabir University of Technology, 1996 Authored or coauthored more than 80 papers in Journals and peer-reviewed conferences

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 8: Ways to Measure "Things" About Your Course(s)

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew A. Verleger, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

3Correlation 0.278 0.308 0.375Sig. 0.021 0.010 0.001AnalysisExam 1 versus TimeAs Figure 1 shows, there is no meaningful relationship between time spent and exam grade. TheSpearman’s Rho correlation was nearly 0 and statistically insignificant (ρ = -0.029, p = 0.811).While students would generally argue that additional time would result in a higher exam score,they typically fail to account for similar increases in their peers scores. Students are also unlikelyto dramatically overcome exam unpreparedness with additional time. Students who don’t knowthe course material won’t magically learn it during the exam if given the opportunity. The examaverage was

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade - Reflections and Advice on the Educational Process

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian E Faulkner, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Student

 commented that I had perhaps given too many!”   While leading the workshop session, jot down short notes in a notebook about what hints you gave, what questions students asked, and how students interacted with one another. Reconstitute them into a typed report as soon as class is over if possible; the memory fades quickly. A good journal report will make the reader feel like they were there when reading the journal entry. The journal is an excellent way to keep the lecturers of the main course informed of how things in the special section are going. Rather than taking time out of their day to observe occasionally, you can take an hour to do a detailed write up. One faculty member commented that he could earnestly defend the value of the

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Work in Progress Postcard Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenahvive K. Morgan, Michigan State University; Roya Solhmirzaei, Michigan State University; Hadi Salehi, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

involve their experience with writing and programming, as well astheir university schedule and location. Based on the responses from these questions, each pair ofstudents are matched with another pair of students with complementary skills. Another uniquecharacteristic of this course involves students having the ability to change teams after the firstdesign project. Students may desire to change teams if they feel that the rest of their team isunderperforming, or if they feel that the other students on their team are overly demanding.These practices are informed by the above studies to encourage students to develop moredependent learning styles.A self-reporting measure of team performance was given to first-year engineering students toexamine

Conference Session

M2C: Learning by Design 2

Collection

2019 FYEE Conference

Authors

Asad Azemi, Pennsylvania State University, Brandywine; Maria Jane Evans, Penn State Brandywine; Ivan E. Esparragoza, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Topics

FYEE Conference - Paper Submission

Growth and Development 5. Teamwork 6. Project Management 7. Engineering Design 8. Communication Skills 9. Ethics and Engineering 10. Robotic (Arduino) ProjectThe main consideration, while preparing these topics, was that the focus of the course was not tomake the students understand all the details from each topic. Instead, the objective was toexpose them to these topics, a sample schedule is included in this paper.Anticipated Outcomes 1. Develop academic success skills such as time management, study techniques, working in teams, and study groups. 2. Develop a peer network to maximize academic success. 3. Obtain and enhanced understanding of different engineering fields and associated jobs. 4. Recognize the role of good

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Madeleine F. Jennings, Texas State University; Kimberly Grau Talley P.E., Texas State University; Shaunna Fultz Smith, Texas State University; Araceli Martinez Ortiz, Texas State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

aspect of a space’s environment that notably effects students is the physical arrangementand appearance of a space itself 2, 3. According to Penney et al., students are particularly sensitiveto an environment when they are “first timers”. Students in this study who were visiting amakerspace for the first time and were instructed to write notes about their visit wroteextensively about the makerspace’s appearance. The language that was used to describe amakerspace in this study was overwhelmingly descriptive, describing its respective space as a“dungeon.” 3 Certainly this type of derogatory description is a result of feelings that the studentexperienced when seeing this space for the first time. Other tactics besides the redesign of thespace that

Conference Session

Multimedia Tutorials and Web Development

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ramin Sadeghi, Power & Water University of Technology; Ali Mehrabian, University of Central Florida; Saeid Moslehpour, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

; • Using MS Word forms for research projects: http://www.rit.edu/~kecncp/160/cc-part- 1-2-research.doc; 2. Message Boards at NTID • Message Boards are being used in several courses for Deaf students at NTID. I have found them very useful for short writing assignments and for stimulating peer review of students’ work. College Writing -- http://www.rit.edu/~kecncp/discus (moderated by KEC) • Other professors have put them to use for job interview practice situations and for art seminar discussions. Job Search and Freshman Art Seminar -- 3. Chat Rooms General Audience: • Chat and Newsgroups are online for English second language students. • One-on-one

Conference Session

Graduate Education and Undergraduate Research in ET

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jerry Visser, South Dakota State University; Kurt Rosentrater, USDA-ARS

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

laboratory. A delineated project was assigned with the goal of developing bio-basedcomposite materials using biofillers and adhesives. After receiving appropriate training, the firsttwo weeks were essentially an open-ended investigation by the student to become accustomed tothe laboratory techniques, processes to be employed, and typical behavior of the materials. Atthis point in time, the student and research advisor, who was an ARS research scientist,developed a formal experimental design. The following eight weeks were then devoted toexecuting this experiment, collecting data, and writing a report. In fact, this report is currently inpreparation for submission to a peer-reviewed scientific journal – which in itself is an excellentopportunity for

Conference Session

Best Practices in Industrial Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Regena Scott, Purdue University; Edie Schmidt, Purdue University; Kathryne Newton, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

important as experience.A worthwhile college or university education will give students a foundation ofinformation that will propel them into the work environment ready to take onleadership roles. Katz, 1995, suggests a researcher specializing in the study ofleadership approaches, suggests that effective leadership in the workplacedepends on the leader having three personal skills. First there are the technicalskills are those, which demonstrate the leader’s proficiency in specific workactivities. Next, human skills or people skills that a leader uses with upper-levelmanagement, peers and subordinates and finally conceptual skills, those skills thatdemonstrate the individual’s ability to translate ideas and concepts in tosuccessful projects.Lab

Conference Session

Foster Excellence

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claude Villiers, Florida Gulf Coast University; Neville Parker, The City College of The City University of New York

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

framework was used in theprevious project) with the other graduate students of the faculty member. These measures wereput in place to stimulate interest of STI students on conducting research. The authors believedthat young students learn effectively from their peers. Also, as can be seen in Table 3A, effortwas made to ensure that student’s communication and writing skills were assessed.Progressively, the students became excited to prepare asphalt mixtures including aggregatebatching and sieving, mixing of asphalt liquid and aggregate, and compacting of asphalt pillsusing the gyratory compactor. They conducted laboratory tests such as bulk and maximum

Conference Session

The Year of Dialogue: What We Have Learned So Far

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. P. Mohsen, University of Louisville; Ronald Barr, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Divisions

Campus Representatives

discussions at many of the section meetingsmade that clear. If one wants to pursue a pathway to rigorous research in engineering education, theresearch methodology in engineering education should be no different than the samemethodological approach used in technical engineering research: 1. define the research questionor hypothesis, 2. write a proposal or plan, 3. seek funding or other appropriate support, 4. do thework rigorously, and 5. publish the results in peer-reviewed journals. In this sense, engineeringeducation research should be considered favorably in promotion and tenure. One caveat ineducational research is that the student (human subject) is the target of study, and it makes the“experiment” more complicated. Thus, it is reasonable