Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zeshan Hyder, Virginia Tech & UET Lahore; Zulfiqar Ali, Virginia Polytechnic State University; Janis P. Terpenny, Virginia Tech; Richard M. Goff, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

professor at Virginia Tech with a joint appointment in the Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Education and is a faculty affiliate of Industrial and Systems Engineering. She is currently on assignment as a Program Director at the National Science Foundation (NSF) in the Di- vision of Undergraduate Education. Dr. Terpenny’s research is focused on engineering design and design education. She has been the principal or co-principal investigator on over $7 million of research funded by NSF and industry, and has published several book chapters, and over 130 peer reviewed publications. She is a Fellow in IIE, a member of ASME, and ASEE.Richard M. Goff, Virginia Tech Richard M. Goff is an Associate Professor

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sonia Travaglini, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Helen L. Chen, Stanford University; Swetha Nittala, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

focused on identifying and developing leadership and other socio-technical capabilities among engineering students and professionals. She is passionate about improving engineering education and practice and has been working in the areas of innovation, leadership development, diversity, equity, and inclusion, ethics, and, faculty development. Previously, she also worked for companies including Deloitte, Sprint, ProStem and Credit Suisse, both as an internal and external research consultant focusing on areas of leadership development, performance management, competency development and people analytics. She integrates her research in Engineering Education with prior background in Human Resource Management and Engineering

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation in Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Regina Hannemann, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

been an integral and important team member; has made significant contributions to theoverall solution; attends and participates in all team meetings.Communications:1. Has basically dropped out from the project and is not contributing in any way.2. Produces no useful documentation of work done; communication skills poor.3. Documentation and communication skills are below expectations.4. Documentation is only marginally helpful; communication skills need improvement.5. Documentation and communication skill are adequate.6. Documents all work; communicates effectively with the team and faculty advisor. Page 15.1058.207. Documents work exceptionally

Conference Session

Design Teams 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Joseph Towles, Stanford University; Jeff Wood, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Course and Lab Projects Development Director at Stanford, where he brings his 25-year industry experience to the role. He is responsible for the ongoing strategy, design, curriculum plan and instruction plans for capstone courses in the Mechanical Engineering Department, as part of a broad effort to redesign the curriculum requirements for the undergraduate degree in Mechanical Engineering. Jeff has over twenty years’ product development and manufacturing experience bringing medical and consumer products to market, through the course of my career journey with Apple, SGI, Nektar, Boston Scientific and Amazon/Lab126. In addition to working with and training engineers in industry, his 9+ years coaching and teaching

Conference Session

Capstone Courses II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Borchers, Kettering University; David Rinard, Steelcase, Inc.; Trevor Harding, Kettering University; Terri Lynch-Caris, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-1315: THE ROLE OF INDUSTRY IN SUPPORTING EDUCATION INENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE ENGINEERINGAndrew Borchers, Kettering University Andrew Borchers, DBA is an associate professor of Information Systems at Kettering University. Prior to teaching, Andy spent 21 years working as an IT manager for GM and Electronic Data Systems. His academic interests include information technology, entrepreneurship and environmental sustainability. Andy serves on the editorial board of Information Resources Management Journal and is an associate editor of the Journal of Cases in IT.David Rinard, Steelcase, Inc. Dave Rinard, M.S., is director of Corporate Environmental Performance for Steelcase, Inc., the

Conference Session

Design Mental Frameworks

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Andrea MacGregor, James Madison University; Shraddha Joshi, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

]. Without proper training and practice, creativity can be difficult to master.Although creativity is regarded as an essential skill in engineering, much improvement can bemade in applying creativity to the curriculum [14]. Research shows that while engineeringeducators perceive that they provide inducements for creativity behavior in the students, thesehints are often not picked up by the students. This leaves students feeling that instructors do notplace value on creativity [14].Education can play an essential role in increasing the confidence in our own creative abilities,teaching us how to practice creativity and how to implement it in the real world. Severalapproaches have been implemented by instructors to foster creative mindset and teach

Conference Session

The Best in DEED

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kris Jaeger-Helton, Northeastern University; Bridget M. Smyser, Northeastern University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

teams into a tailspin. Difficulties were seen as a failing on the part of thesponsors or the instructors, not just part of the normal design process; all are examples of externalattribution for challenges faced.SummaryThese findings represent an opportunity for those of us in capstone leadership and engineering educationin general to work to prepare our students and our faculty in a more informed way around the foreseeablechallenges inherent in the design experience. We have the unique opportunity to reframe the students’perspectives on the unscripted aspects of capstone in particular. Accordingly, we can accomplish thefollowing throughout the academic process:  Early in the engineering curriculum, infuse experience in managing challenges

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hugh Jack, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

integrated through the curriculum. Studentsbegin with design-build projects in the freshman year. The complexity of the project work isincreased until the senior project. The course projects are used to teach students the fundamentalsof project management, and provide experience in free form decision making and project execu-tion. The senior project experience is positioned as a finishing exercise before the students joinindustry. Senior projects involves the design and build of production equipment, test equipment,and new product designs for local companies. In 2009 the total materials costs were over$170,000 for 12 projects. These projects must meet industrial standards and require approval bythe sponsor. And, while failure can be acceptable in

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teodora Rutar, Seattle University; Brandon Shuman, MS

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

through seminars, etc. Hence, we developed sixteen outcomes for thesecourses that we map to ABET’s a-k criteria and mechanical engineering-specific criteria. Theseoutcomes are: students work in teams to solve an open-ended engineering problem, useengineering judgment, consider economic factors, implement project planning and management, Page 22.68.2create written documents, give oral presentations, communicate with people of various technicalbackgrounds, incorporate environmental, economic and social constraints into the projectsolution, integrate knowledge obtained in mechanical engineering and core classes, apply variousmechanical engineering

Conference Session

Capstone Design Pedagogy II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carla Zoltowski, Purdue University; William Oakes, Purdue University; Steve Chenoweth, Rose Hulman Institute Of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

AC 2010-1404: TEACHING HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN WITHSERVICE-LEARNINGCarla Zoltowski, Purdue University CARLA B. ZOLTOWSKI is Education Administrator of the EPICS Program at Purdue University. She received her BSEE and MSEE from Purdue University, and is a PhD Candidate in Engineering Education at Purdue. She has served as a lecturer in Purdue’s School of Electrical and Computer Engineering.William Oakes, Purdue University William Oakes is the Director of the EPICS Program and an Associate Professor and a founding faculty member of the Department of Engineering Education at Purdue University with courtesy appointments in Mechanical Engineering and of Curriculum and Instruction. He is a co

Conference Session

Maker Spaces in Design Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Carolyn Keller, University of Wisconsin, Platteville ; Jodi F. Prosise, University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Philip J. Parker P.E., University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

an inclusive makerspace can support these efforts.Benefits Beyond Engineering ProgramsMakerspaces are not unique to engineering. Performance and visual art galleries and laboratories,educator spaces, and libraries are often locations on campus where makerspaces can be found[1], [6]. Makerspaces create intersections between multiple disciplines [7].Makerspaces provide a wide range of opportunities to supplement engineering curriculum withhighly valuable non-technical skills. Design thinking and engaged learning are learningobjectives that cut across disciplines. Makerspaces are necessarily collaborative resulting in moreinterdisciplinary projects. Faculty and students from various disciplines bring different skills andassets to the making

Conference Session

Impact of COVID-19 on Design Education 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Amanda Simson, The Cooper Union; Martin S. Lawless, The Cooper Union; Cynthia Lee, The Cooper Union; Lisa Shay P.E., The Cooper Union; Toby John Cumberbatch, The Cooper Union; Austin Wade Smith, The Cooper Union; Neveen Shlayan, The Cooper Union

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

summer of 2020 with help from the Olin SummerInstitute, to create a co-taught course with more shared content and organization and an updatedset of learning objectives. The redesign included considering the course in the larger context ofthe curriculum and, in particular, the current first-year experience. Although the redesign wasplanned prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, additional considerations were made to transition thecourse to the virtual environment, especially considering that effective online teaching requiresadditional skills and pedagogy compared to in-person teaching [7, 8].Issues that the faculty were interested in addressing were: finding mechanisms for how to sustainsome student projects within the curriculum; creating a shared

Conference Session

Design Tools and Skill Development

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Annie Abell, Ohio State University; Kelly DeVore, Columbus College of Art and Design

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

interdisciplinary product development course for entrepreneurship students who come from across OSU.Kelly DeVore, Columbus College of Art and Design Kelly DeVore is an Assistant Professor and Chair of Interior Design at The Columbus College of Art and Design. DeVore received her Bachelors of Architecture from Iowa State University and a MFA Design Research & Development from The Ohio State University with an emphasis on Higher Education. DeVore currently teaches interior design senior capstone studios, has developed a course on design for social change, and mentors graduate students in the new MDes program in Integrative Design. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017

Conference Session

Capstone Design Projects

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Dawson, York College of Pennsylvania; Stephen Kuchnicki, York College of Pennsylvania

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

AC 2010-79: EXPERIENCES OF USING FORMULA SAE AS A CAPSTONEDESIGN PROJECTJennifer Dawson, York College of Pennsylvania Dr. Jennifer Bower Dawson is an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at York College of Pennsylvania where she teaches courses in Machine Design, Controls, and Capstone Design. She earned her MS and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at Stanford University where she worked on the design and testing of spacecraft hardware for Satellite Test of the Equivalence Principle. Her academic interests include robotics, sensor design, precision engineering, and service learning in engineering education.Stephen Kuchnicki, York College of Pennsylvania Dr. Stephen

Conference Session

Impact of COVID-19 on Design Education 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Melissa Mae White, University of Florida; Megan Stowers, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #33644Building a Sense of Community in a Multidisciplinary, Split-level OnlineProject-based Innovation Design CourseDr. Melissa Mae White, University of Florida Dr. Melissa Mae White develops and instructs course curriculum in Engineering Innovation and Engi- neering Entrepreneurship to the students in the Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering at the University of Florida. She works with faculty and students to build an ecosystem focusing on creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship across campus and in the community. She received her Bachelor of Science degree in Biomedical Engineering with a minor in

Conference Session

Best of DEED

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven C. Zemke, Gonzaga University; Diane L. Zemke

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

over 20 years with an emphasis on mechanical packaging of microwave circuitry.Dr. Diane L. Zemke Diane Zemke is an independent researcher and consultant. She holds a Ph.D. in leadership studies from Gonzaga University. Her research interests include teamwork, small group dynamics, dissent, organiza- tional change, and reflective practice. Dr. Zemke has published in the International Journal of Engineering Education, the Journal of Religious Leadership, and various ASEE conference proceedings. She is the author of ”Being Smart about Congregational Change.” c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 How Students Create Verbal Descriptions of Physical PartsClear and precise

Conference Session

Design in Freshman and Sophomore Courses

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Shaw, Geneva College; Murat Tanyel, Geneva College

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

) project, setting up and teaching laboratory and hands-on computer experiments for engineering freshmen and sophomores. For one semester, he was also a visiting professor at the United Arab Emirates University in Al-Ain, UAE where he helped set up an innovative introductory engineering curriculum. Dr. Tanyel received his B. S. degree in electrical engineering from Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey in 1981, his M. S. degree in electrical engineering from Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA in 1985 and his Ph. D. in biomedical engineering from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA in 1990

Conference Session

DEED Postcard Session 1

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katherine Goodman, University of Colorado, Denver; Stephen T. Frezza, Gannon University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

the need to fully explore a problem space. This will help undo the “script-think” that makes the problem definitions, locked-down requirements, and final solutions look inevitable. 3) Develop assignments that focus on exploring a problem-space deeply, without an expectation of a solution, preferably placed in the curriculum well before a capstone course. 4) Edit current design course assignments so that there is an explicit problem-finding phase. 5) Find ways to assess the learning that takes place, even if the final design solution does not work.In short, we hope that students might practice finding multiple möjligheter before attempting todesign solutions. The task of finding ways to teach this

Conference Session

Design and the Capstone Experience

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregory K Watkins P.E., California State University, Chico

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

teams on design projectssponsored by external partners, are quite common in today’s engineering programs [2]. Based onreview of the pedagogical literature, management of these design projects is an important and attimes problematic issue for these team-based projects. Several papers [3-5] report observedproject management issues and corrective measures, such as implementing milestones, formaldesign reviews, and Gantt charts into the capstone curriculum. Lawanto, et.al, [6] examinestudent self-regulation while working on capstone design projects, and suggest that teamstrategies require a high level of student involvement and effort. Vavreck [7] identifies key skillsneeded by project managers and describes the integration of them into an existing

Conference Session

Design Across Disciplines

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Iem H. Heng, New York City College of Technology; Andy Zhang, New York City College of Technology; Farrukh Zia, New York City College of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

ontechnology and engineering at all levels in the Nation’s education system1.There is a need to change the perception of STEM education. STEM education cannot be viewedas teaching four unrelated subject matters. STEM education should be treated as an integraleducation2. Mathematics, science, technology and engineering are taught in classes with the hopethat students will use these subjects simultaneously to make new discoveries, to explore newideas, to make new products and to provide better services. As such, more project-basedactivities, that enable students to apply the knowledge and skills they learn from STEM coursesshould be implemented into curriculums. Practical hands-on learning-by-doing activities gohand-in-hand with STEM education. They

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division: Postcard and Student Essays

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lee Allen Dosse, University of Pittsburgh; Irene B. Mena, University of Pittsburgh; William W. Clark, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

themakerspace and those who have not. This was done as it was desired to understand why studentsmay not be using the space. Of this total, 117 had spent time in the facility, while 200 had not.Out of the nearly 500 unique users registered in the space, 117 answered the survey, representinga response rate of around 23% for this group, which is significantly higher than the generalresponse rate. The following sections concern the users of the makerspace.DemographicsThe collected student demographic data showed that juniors and seniors were the primary users,comprising 68% of total users, with freshmen and sophomores combined being only 26%. This isnot unexpected as there exists minimal integration between freshman curriculum and themakerspace. There is

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susannah Howe, Smith College; Ron Lasser, Tufts University; Katie Su, Smith College; Sarah Pedicini, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

and developmentand b) the disconnect between perceived and expected proficiency for capstone graduates. Thiseffort adds to a growing body of work to understand and ultimately improve capstone education.1. Introduction and MotivationCapstone engineering design course program instantiations are based upon academic institution,department, and instructor. Each brings a unique perspective to the course and the learningenvironment. Capstone engineering design projects are each unique in their own right sinceindividuals or teams may select a project that has never been done before. In this context ofvariations of uniqueness, if that can be used as a means to define an educational environment, isit possible to evaluate a capstone engineering design

Conference Session

Design Communications & Cognition I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dirk Schaefer, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jitesh Panchal, Washington State University; Sammy Haroon, The RBR Group; Farrokh Mistree, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

to attain a net zero energy / eco footprint in the built environment. His cur- rent education focus is on creating and implementing, in partnership with industry, a curriculum for educating Strategic Engineers those who have developed the competencies to create value through the realization of complex engineered systems for changing markets in a collaborative, globally dis- tributed environment. It is in this context that he enjoys experimenting with ways in which design can be learned and taught. Farrokh is a Fellow of ASME and an Associate Fellow of AIAA. Email URL http://www.srl.gatech.edu/Members/fmistree

Conference Session

Student Evaluation in Design Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amber N. Lyerly, East Carolina University; Gene Dixon, East Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

sequence of courses is intended for students to not only use skills learnedthroughout their academia endeavors, but also to require students to go beyond traditional coursework and expand their knowledge base by deeper researcher, through consulting with subjectmatter experts and experiential learning. Most projects are industry sponsored and for aconsiderable portion of students, the capstone project represents their first interaction with anindustry-like environment. At ECU DoE, two sequential project management and design coursesare required before students begin the capstone course as part of a spiral curriculum [1]. Thesecourses are designed so that the students can begin thinking about the design process and gainsome experience in managing a

Conference Session

Capstone Design Courses II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

April M. Bryan, Western Washington University; John Andrew Lund, Western Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

surprising result was that students ranked the integration of theory as one of the leastbeneficial research experiences. However, learning about the challenges of implementinganalytical designs was ranked as one of the highest. These results are in conflict with each other.The latter response indicates that the students did learn about the integration of theory andpractice. However, the former response shows that the students lacked the appropriate languageto explain it.6.2 Recommendations for Future CoursesThe benefits of the project may also contribute to the enhancement of undergraduate productdesign courses. While product family design is an important approach used in consumer goodindustries, it is often taught only at the graduate level. The

Conference Session

Building and Engaging Communities for Scholarship, Advocacy, and Action for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet Callahan, Boise State University; Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University; Adrienne Robyn Minerick, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Topics

ASEE Diversity Committee, Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International, Minorities in Engineering

was deemed ‘not cut out for’ engineering,” this paper eloquently outlined“the ways that many other actors (students, teachers, societal labels, engineering culture)contribute to and construct this student ability in everyday moments.” The final pitch is for alleducators to view culture not as a past explanation for the current plight, but instead as a currentchallenge to create a desired, inclusive culture.The team of Svihla et. al. [10] added an engineering design course early in the curriculum as astrategy to support persistence in engineering, especially with underrepresented groups. The goalwas to help students discover and gain confidence in individual attributes, skills, and beliefs thatare critical for engineering design. Those

Conference Session

Making, Hacking, and Extracurricular Design

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Petney, Rice 360 Institute for Global Health; Samuel Gonthako Ng'anjo, University of Malawi, The Polytechnic; Joseph Chikaphonya Phiri, University of Malawi, The Polytechnic; Matthew Wettergreen, Rice University; Ann Saterbak, Duke University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

water finding paste, which changes colour when immersed in water. So the presence of water can be noticed by the paste. Manual measurement is inaccurate, is difficult to do, for example when it is raining, and incurs a risk on the user who must climb atop tanks to take the measurement. Overall Goals: There is a need to design an automatic system that can measure the fuel levels in tanks, check the presence of water, calculate (measure) the density of the fuel, and display this information to the responsible people view so they can take the appropriate actions.The curriculum of the FYP courses has also shifted to provide more structure and support forstudents in their projects. Now, in the first semester of the FYP course for ME and EE

Conference Session

Capstone Design Practices

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kurt Stephen Stresau, University of Central Florida; Mark W. Steiner, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Capstone teams since 2012. Mr. Stresau has also taught a variety of Aerospace courses for the MAE Department. Prior to joining UCF, Mr. Stresau was a faculty member at Eastern Florida State Col- lege (2006-2012). Mr. Stresau began his industry career in mechanical design and manufacturing (1998), and joined United Space Alliance as an engineer on the Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB) for the Space Shuttle Program in 2000. In 2004, he transitioned to a senior engineering position in Engineering Integration and Project Management, working with mechanical, thermal, hydraulic, electrical, pyrotechnic, and propul- sion subsystems. Mr. Stresau served in that capacity until the completion of the Space Shuttle Program in 2011. Mr

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Guannan Liu, Purdue University - West Lafayette; DeLean Tolbert Smith, Purdue University - West Lafayette; John Alexander Mendoza-Garcia, Purdue University - West Lafayette; Anirudh Roshan Sriram, Purdue University - West Lafayette; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University - West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Education. 2007;96(6); 359-379..4. Atman CJ, Chimka JR, Bursic KM, Nachtmann HL. A comparison of freshman and senior engineering designprocesses. Des Stud. 1999.5. Adams RS, Turns J, Atman CJ. Educating effective engineering designers: The role of reflective practice. DesStud. 2003;24(3):275-294.6. Dwarakanath S, Wallace KM. Decision-making in engineering design: Observations from design experiments.Journal of Engineering Design. 1995;6(3):191-206.7. Atman CJ, Bursic KM. Verbal protocol analysis as a method to document engineering student design processes. JEng Educ. 1998;87(2):121.8. Wendell KB. Design practices of preservice elementary teachers in an integrated engineering and literatureexperience. Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education

Conference Session

Design Spine

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ming-Chien Hsu, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

visit their decisionabout scales afterwards. The team had an opportunity to engage in intentional learning from thisinteraction with their project partner, but this opportunity was not pursued.DoingEngagement with situation/differences:Teams practicing in the “working together” category engage in the iterative communicationpractice, and take responsibility for being effective communicator. The team with the divide-and-conquer approach did not initially talk a lot about the difference perspectives that they can take,and instead jumped very quickly to implementation. It was not until later when the situationabout testing rose did they realize they needed a more integrative approach. They startedcommunicating by trying to learn more about what