Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Burkett, University of Alabama; Charles Snead, University of Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

outcomes for this project over the long term include: a) developing a laboratory toexercise creativity to give students experience in creating a functional yet aesthetic product; b)increasing enthusiasm for the major and establishing networks between faculty member andclassmates; c) increasing awareness of the importance of skills that make up the creative process(idea generation, design aspects, costs, influence of different perspectives, importance of balancebetween function and aesthetics); and d) demonstration of an approach to problem solving that isnot captured by a single process but involves a variety of methods to arrive at an answer.In addition to addressing the specific objectives and expected outcomes for the project, otherinteresting

Collection

2009 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Gordon W. Romney; Paul D. Juneau

out ofclass.Key Words: authentication, multi-factor authentication, SSL, digital certificate, browsercertificate, portable certificate, and Agile Problem Driven Teaching1. INTRODUCTION1.1 User AuthenticationAuthentication, in an IT security context, has to do with authenticating the identity of a computeruser. In order for authentication to be possible, a user must first be registered, or enrolled, as avalid subscriber on a specific computer system. This process normally produces a couplet of a“username” plus a “password/number.” Examples are registering for a) social security number,b) library, or c) university or employment access privilege. Enrollment processes vary in qualityand thoroughness and only security policy as specified by the

Conference Session

Engineering and Mathematics Potpourri

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Grossfield, Vaughn College of Aeronautics

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

AC 2009-700: VISUAL ANALYSIS AND THE COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONSAndrew Grossfield, Vaughn College of Aeronautics Throughout his career Dr. Grossfield has combined an interest in engineering design and mathematics. He studied Electrical Engineering at the City College of New York, graduating with a BSEE. During the sixties, he attended the NYU Courant Institute at night, obtaining an M.S. degree in mathematics, while designing circuitry full time during the day for aerospace/avionics companies. He earned his doctorate studying Continuum Mechanics under the direction of L. M. Milne-Thomson, CBE at The University of Arizona. He is a member of ASEE, IEEE, and MAA. Grossfield@IEEE.org is his email

Conference Session

Robot Mania in Precollegiate Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alisa Gilmore, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Bing Chen, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Neal Grandgenett, University of Nebraska, Omaha

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

project, which intends to continue to refine the assessmentsand educational products of the first initiative and develop a full grades 5-8 educational roboticscurriculum for national distribution.References 1. Chen, B., Grandgenett, N.F. (2005). Project Proposal: The Silicon Prairie Initiative for Robotics in Information Technology (SPIRIT). An Information Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers (ITEST) Proposal for the National Science Foundation Project #0525111. 2. Grandgenett, N.F., Chen, B., Timms, M. (2008). Project Report: The Silicon Prairie Initiative for Robotics in Information Technology (SPIRIT). A final evaluation report for the National Science Foundation

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids, and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Plumley, United States Coast Guard Academy; Andrew Foley, United States Coast Guard Academy; Earnest Greene, US Coast Guard Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

theplatform and piston weight). Weights are added totaling 6 lb and 2 kg. (We’re not kidding, that’show they’re stamped, time to do some conversions!). (a) How much will the piston descend after the weights are added? Assume an isothermal process. (b) What will the final pressure in the cylinder be? (c) Should heat be transferred in or out of the cylinder during this process?Exercise 2: Now we’ll charge the cylinder and use it to lift a 20 lb weight. The accumulator actslike a capacitor, storing energy for us until we need it. First, we’ll charge the cylinder to ___ psig(will be around 85 psig). Then we’ll attach the tube to the piston cylinder lower port. A valveinitially separates the accumulator from the piston cylinder. (a) How much

Conference Session

Assessing the Efficacy of Nontraditional Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mysore Narayanan, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

valuableinstructional tool that can accommodate diverse learning styles of 21st century students.(Watkins, 2005). It is important to acknowledge that the intellectual curiosity of studentscan be increased so that they learn better when alternative modes of informationprocessing are made available at college campuses. Dr. Walter B. Barbe, a nationallyknown scholar and authority in the fields of reading and learning disabilities has shownthat perceptual modality styles provides an indication of an individual’s dominantlearning mode. This is where the intellectual curiosity of the learner thrives. The degreeof processing speed, accuracy and retention that an individual is able to accomplish whenencountering information depends upon to what extent the medium in

Conference Session

Instructional Innovations in AEC Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stan Guidera, Bowling Green State University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

and outcomes of an advanced architectural computing classthat was modified to introduce NURBS (Non uniform rational b-spline) based design tools alongwith 2-D and 3-D fabrication and rapid prototyping techniques. Two class assignments wereused to introduce this content. Project outcomes are documented along with recommendationsfor faculty considering introducing similar content into their courses or curriculums.IntroductionThe activity of design is rooted in an iterative process through which concept evolves bothlinearly and non-linearly from conceptualization to material form. Inherently, all designproposals undergo a transformation in the process of evolving from the conceptual stage to alevel of refinement in which the initial concept can

Collection

2009 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Vasco D. Polyzoev; Eniko T. Enikov

Undergraduate Control Laboratory at the department of Mechanical andAerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego[5] http://www.ecpsystems.com/, Educational Control Products, Bell Canyon, CA[6] B. A. Foss, T. I. Eikaas, M. Hovd, “Merging physical experiments back into the learning arena”, Proceedings ofthe American Control Conference, Chicago, Illinois, June 2000, pp. 2944 – 2948[7] http://www.nano.arizona.edu/mechatronics, The Control Systems Project website of the Aerospace andMechanical Engineering department of the University of Arizona Proceedings of the 2009 American Society for Engineering Education Pacific Southwest Regional Conference

Conference Session

Teaching Dynamics

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benson Tongue, University of California, Berkeley

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

is thatthere is a personal connection between the professor and the small seminar group. That is a keyelement that, if not present, means one simply is teaching a tiny class, not a seminar.In a large group one can’t speak with every student every day but there have to be interactionswith some students each day. The break is an ideal time to do so in a free manner. Even if theinstructor doesn’t do anything more than let the students free for a few minutes, he can chat withthose in the front or walk up the aisles to chat with those further away.Once again - knowing their names is key. It’s not going to be helpful to say “Hey you, the girl inthe hat - let’s chat.” But it’s very easy to say “Evelyn, do you pronounce your last name B¨ uchneror

Conference Session

Instrumentation in Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Svetlana Avramov-Zamurovic, U.S. Department of Defense; Jeremy Joseph, United States Naval Academy

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

AC 2009-588: TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEMSvetlana Avramov-Zamurovic, U.S. Department of DefenseJeremy Joseph, United States Naval Academy Page 14.1283.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Tsunami Warning SystemAbstract Tsunamis occur rarely on Earth but their impact is devastating. If successful, the projectobjectives provide a substantial first step to minimizing the material destruction and mortalitycaused by this immense force of nature. The goal of this project is to develop a system that candetect an incoming tsunami. The project will also explore possibilities to dampen the impact ofthe tsunami wave.I. Tsunami BackgroundA. Creation

Collection

2009 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Andrew Grossfield

mathematical principles that will enable graphs of functions to be easilyproduced. This paper will provide and discuss principles that can be applied in graphing a largeclass of functions. The graphs of polynomials and special basic functions formed by functionalcomposition acting on polynomials will be provided as examples of visual thinking. Engineeringstudents who are encouraged to develop the skills of visual thinking in mathematics may findthese skills beneficial in their analytical engineering studies.A student could find pleasure and confidence in discovering the ability to gain insight into thegraphical behavior of a large class of functions. This same student may become more open tostudying other aspects of polynomials and other functions

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Physics or Engineering Physics

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian Belu, Drexel University; Alexandru Belu, Case Western Reserve University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

areas for theapplications of symbolic computation. A good example is the use of the algebra systems in quantumfield theory to check the accuracy of the answer with experimental results. Electromagnetic field theory Page 14.1147.4is one of the areas of physics and engine engineering where symbolic computation is applied on anextended scale due to their capabilities in solving differential equations and visualization and graphiccapabilities.Some of the advantages of using a CAS packages are: a) students can write down mathematics in aprogramming-like way, using symbolic notations; b) less time spent with calculations leaves more timefor

Conference Session

Embedded System Design

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mouna Nakkar, University of Sharjah

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

,” SIGBED Rev., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 1-4, 2005.2. J. O. Hamblen, "Using a Low-Cost SoC Computer and a Commercial RTOS in an Embedded Systems Design Course," IEEE Trans. Education, vol. 51, no. 3, Aug. 2008.3. K. G. Ricks, D. J. Jackson, W. A. Stapleton, “An embedded systems curriculum based on the IEEE/ACM model curriculum,” IEEE Trans. Education, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 262-270, May 2008.4. A. Hoover, "Computer Vision in Undergraduate Education: Modern Embedded Computing," IEEE Trans. On Education, vol. 46, No. 2, May 2003.5. A. Bindal, S. Mann, B. N. Ahmed, and L.A. Raimundo, “An undergraduate system-on-chip (SoC) course for Computer Engineering students,” IEEE Trans. Education, vol. 48, no. 2, May 2005.6. G. Martin

Conference Session

New Trends in CHE Education I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Keith, Michigan Technological University; David Silverstein, University of Kentucky; Donald Visco, Tennessee Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

comprehensive form inthe book by Fogler40. Kinetics, catalysis, reactor design and optimization all remain apopular subject in the research literature.Best Practices / New IdeasRecent advances in simulation and modeling are not limited to problems in transportphenomena. There are several examples published in the recent educational literature41-47which will now be summarized. ≠ Stochastic simulations of chemical reactions41-42. Martinez-Urreaga et. al.41 used MATLAB to simulate the reversible reaction A ↑ B, while Fan et. al.42 simulated the thermal death kinetics of a cell population. ≠ Computational fluid dynamics43-44. Lawrence et. al.43 used CFX commercial software to incorporated non-ideal reactors into the curriculum

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mukul Shirvaikar, University of Texas, Tyler; Karthik Somaraju, University of Texas, Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

allocated in addresses F000016 toFFFFF16. The flash memory version got two sets of 2-Kbyte internal ROM area, block A andblock B, for data space. These blocks are allocated addresses F00016 to FFFF16. The addressesFFFDC16 to FFFFF16 are allocated for fixed interrupt vectors and they store the start address ofeach interrupt routine. The internal RAM is allocated lower addresses, beginning with address0040016. For example, a 1-Kbyte internal RAM area is allocated in addresses 0040016 to007FF16. The internal RAM is used for storing data temporarily. The area is also used as stackwhen subroutines are called or interrupt requests are accepted. The SFR (special functionregisters) is allocated addresses 0000016 to 003FF16. The peripheral function control

Conference Session

“And Other Duties as Assigned”

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Kindschi, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Anne Glorioso, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Diana Wheeler, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

-Madison Wendt Engineering Library. She trains and supervises 12 student staff who work at the combined circulation/reference desk She also teaches drop in workshops and undergraduate course related library sessions.Diana Wheeler, University of Wisconsin, Madison Diana Wheeler, UW-Madison Wendt Engineering Library Instruction Coordinator, is a teaching, reference and liaison librarian with experience in assessment and course management systems. Page 14.349.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Competencies for Student Support Staff and Engineering Librarians: Did we answer your

Collection

2009 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Philip L. Brach; Ahmet Zeytinci

instructor. To account for thesedifferences in faculty “rigor”, the authors propose the following ratio for “Handicapping” theinstructor’s performance in a given course. The ratio is called the “Instructor Handicap” (IH) andis equal to the ratio of the average cumulative grade point average (ACGPA) of all the studentsin the class divided by the average grade (AG) earned by the students in the course. IH = ACGPA / AG (1) For example: if the average grade of all students in a course was a C (2.000) and the averagecumulative grade point average of all the students was a B (3.000), than the Instructor Handicap 2(IH) would equal 3/2= 1.5. Likewise

Conference Session

ASCE Policy 465: Raising the Bar

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Russell, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Gerry Galloway, University of Maryland; Thomas Lenox, American Society of Civil Engineers; James O'Brien, American Society of Civil Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

issue has been clearly documented.It states that the increasing breadth, complexity, and rate of change of professional practice putsgreater stress on (a) the expectation that the BS degree can provide the foundation for the civilengineer to practice at the professional level, (b) the profession’s ability to assure competence inengineering specialty areas, and (c) civil engineers’ ability to acquire sufficient non-technicalprofessional skills (such as communication, management, and leadership), thereby limiting Page 14.233.2opportunities to fill leadership roles. There are 13 actions associated with the strategy sketchASCE Policy 465 - Progress

Conference Session

Goal Specific First-Year Courses

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lesley Strawderman, Mississippi State University; Bill Elmore, Mississippi State University; Arash Salehi, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

, 2005, ISBN 0-309-07433-9.4. Colby, A., T. Ehrlich, E. Beaumont and J. Stephens, Educating Citizens: Preparing America’s Undergraduates for Lives of Moral and Civic Responsibility, Jossey-Bass, Wiley and Sons, 2003, ISBN 0- 7879-6515-4.5. Fink, L. D., Creating Significant Learning Experiences, Jossey-Bass, Wiley and Sons, 2003, ISBN 0-7879- 6055-1.6. Seymour, E. and N. M. Hewitt, Talking About Leaving: Why Undergraduates Leave the Sciences, Westview Press, 1997, ISBN 0-8133-8926-7.7. Minerick, A. R., E-R. T. Allen and B. B. Elmore, Talking & Working for Diversity when You Don’t Belong to a Minority Demographic, proceedings from 2006 ASEE Southeast Section Conference, Session T4-A, April 2006.8

Conference Session

Advanced Materials Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Somnath Chattopadhyay, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

: elastomers, thermoplastics, thermo sets  Wood, plywood, glulam, bamboo, straw and corkThe ones already mentioned, namely, steel, stone, brick, concrete and wood fall in thefamilies of metals, ceramics and wood.INFRASTUCTUREFollowing Ashby et al, 2007 a building infrastructure is viewed as four semi-autonomoussystems: (a) superstructure, (b) exterior envelope, (c) interior systems, and (d) buildingservices. The superstructure transmits vertical loads to the foundation, resists thehorizontal loads from wind, tornadoes and earthquakes, and provides long term service.The exterior envelope controls heat transfer in conduction and radiation and the flow ofair and water, and also provides acoustic separation. The interior systems delineate thehabitable

Conference Session

Goal Specific First-Year Courses

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Lewis, University of Louisville; Jeffrey Hieb, University of Louisville; David Wheatley, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

editorial is listed in its entirety inAppendix A. The editorial argued that use of cell phones while driving should be banned by law. Page 14.611.11After reading the editorial, students were asked to assess the expressed opinion against theelements and standards of critical thought. The students were given a quiz regarding elements ofcritical thought and the presence or absence of the elements in the editorial. There are a total of8 questions, six pertained directly to the editorial and two were more about critical thinking ingeneral. The quiz questions are listed in Appendix B; the results are given in Section 4 anddiscussed in Section 5.3.4

Collection

2009 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Mary Lowe; Marcia Wiedefeld; Andrew Zink

://www.washington.edu/doit/Brochures/Academics/science_lab.htmlTeaching Chemistry to Students with Disabilities: A Manual for High Schools, Colleges, andGraduate Programs. (2001). Dorothy L. Miner, Ron Nieman, Anne B. Swanson, and MichaelWoods, Editors. American Chemical Society Committee on Chemists with Disabilities. TheAmerican Chemical Society.http://membership.acs.org/c/cwd/TeachChem4.pdfUsing Computers to Make Science Labs Accessible to Students with DisabilitiesConference Proceedings. (2000). Karen Milchus and John Goldthwaite., Center On Disabilities,Technology And Persons With Disabilities California State College, Northridgehttp://www.csun.edu/cod/conf/2000/proceedings/0147Milchus.htmMaking the Readily Accessible Accessible AgainThe Journal Science

Conference Session

Graphics and Visualization

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diarmaid Lane, University of Limerick; Niall Seery, University of Limerick; Seamus Gordon, University of Limerick

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

Participant D Participant A Participant B Figure 3 – Selection of Pre Instruction drawingsPerception Proof ExerciseThis was devised to encourage the recognition of outline edges of irregulargeometries. The drawing was inverted in order to reduce the chance of participantsrelating the shapes to symbols. A selection of participant drawings is shown in figure2.Findings 1. All participants expressed a feeling of being “very pleased” with their drawing 2. They stated that their focus was on proportionality and drawing the picture in parts rather than as a whole. 3. Turning a drawing upside down and dividing it into a number of parts made

Collection

2009 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Brian Linhares; Sharifa Happy; Hossein Rahemi

say that a new door will be opened to the concept idea offarmers cultivating their own technology to become the architects of their own agriculture.References:[1] Todd Rohde, Yaskawa. Yaskawa Electric America, Inc. 2009. [2] Phelan, Benjamin. How We Evolve. Seed Magazine. 2008. .[3] Bellis, Mary. History of American Agriculture. 2009. .[4] Bar-On, David. Hessel, Lior. Self Contained Fully Automated Robotic Crop Production Facility. 2002..[5] Useful Plant: Bamboo: What’s Bamboo? .[6] RHex Devours Rough Terrain. Boston Dynamics, 2009. .Tables and Figures: Figure 1: Evolution of Agriculture and Technology Figure 2: Orthographical views of concept robot (a) top view (b) right side view (c) front side

Conference Session

Laboratories in Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Austin Asgill, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

AC 2009-2170: DEVELOPING BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATIONLABORATORY EXERCISES FOR ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGYAustin Asgill, Southern Polytechnic State University Dr Austin B. Asgill received his B.Eng.(hons) (E.E.) degree from Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, his M.Sc. (E.E.) degree from the University of Aston in Birmingham and his Ph.D. (E.E.)from the University of South Florida. He is currently a Professor and Department Chair in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology department at Southern Polytechnic State University (SPSU). Prior to joining the faculty at SPSU, he was an Associate Professor of Electronic Engineering Technology at Florida A&M University (FAMU), where

Conference Session

Getting Started: Objectives, Rubrics, Evaluations, and Assessment

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Walter Schilling, MSOE

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

Doctoral Fellowship, as well as awards from the Toledo and Southeastern Michigan Section IEEE. He is a member of IEEE, IEEE Computer Society, and ASEE. At MSOE, he coordinates courses in Software Quality Assurance, Software Verification, Software Engineering Practices, as well as teaching Embedded Systems Software and introductory programming courses. Page 14.1338.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Using Your Grade Book to Store Course Rubric InformationAbstractThe usage of rubrics has been greatly shown to aid in consistent grading, faster grading,and

Conference Session

Manufacturing Education Curriculum

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Stier, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

AC 2009-1045: TEACHING SUPPLY-CHAIN AND INVENTORY CONCEPTSTHROUGH SIMULATIONKenneth Stier, Illinois State University Page 14.1154.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Teaching Supply Chain Inventory Concepts through SimulationAbstract This paper describes how effective supply chain strategies using inventory control canhelp companies become more competitive in the global marketplace. It describes a manualsimulation activity that is used in the author’s supply chain class to expose students to thisconcept. Instructional materials used for this simulation activity are shown.Introduction There are four major drivers that play a key role in the

Conference Session

Been There, Done That: Advice for NEEs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Murray, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Elizabeth Cudney, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Suzanna Long, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Katie Grantham Lough, Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

Mentor Characteristics1. My current mentor is what I want; he is easy to talk to, helps me address my weaknesses, and always helps me feel good about my abilities.2. Someone with personal experience in the area that I am working. Someone with time, patience, and understanding. Someone who realizes that if plan A doesn’t work, go for plan B and if that doesn’t work wing it – i.e., a person who is flexible and reasonable.3. He/she must be tenured (possibly more than once) so he/she can guide me towards tenure. He should have a strong research program first and foremost. If his/her research interests are close to mine that is a bonus but primarily I need guidance on how to start-up a program with everything else

Collection

2009 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Harold R. Underwood


participating
in
the
role
of
the
client
and
five
corresponding
CAIU
educational
consultants
participating
in
the
role
of
the
coach.

The
trials
for
each
client
and
coach
were
conducted
once
a
week,
over
a
five
week
period
during
March
2009,
supported
by
a
grant
from
the
Pennsylvania
Department
of
Education
secured
by
TSF
through
CAIU.





Section
II
of
this
paper
identifies
methods:
A)
used
by
the
IPC
in
conjunction
with
the
Messiah
College
Collaboratory
that
facilitate
student
learning
while
making
progress
on
the
WERC
project
(and
others
like
it),
and
B)
employed
in
qualitative
testing
of
WERC.
Section
III
summarizes
results
of
WERC
testing
obtained.

Section
IV
draws
conclusions
about
these
results
and
experience
with
IPC
for
future
work
and

Collection

2009 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Harold R. Underwood


participating
in
the
role
of
the
client
and
five
corresponding
CAIU
educational
consultants
participating
in
the
role
of
the
coach.

The
trials
for
each
client
and
coach
were
conducted
once
a
week,
over
a
five
week
period
during
March
2009,
supported
by
a
grant
from
the
Pennsylvania
Department
of
Education
secured
by
TSF
through
CAIU.





Section
II
of
this
paper
identifies
methods:
A)
used
by
the
IPC
in
conjunction
with
the
Messiah
College
Collaboratory
that
facilitate
student
learning
while
making
progress
on
the
WERC
project
(and
others
like
it),
and
B)
employed
in
qualitative
testing
of
WERC.
Section
III
summarizes
results
of
WERC
testing
obtained.

Section
IV
draws
conclusions
about
these
results
and
experience
with
IPC
for
future
work
and