Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Alexander, California State University, Chico; Michael Kotar, California State University, Chico; JoAna Brooks, California State University, Chico

Paper ID #38427Applying an Entrepreneurial Mindset to Course-basedUndergraduate Research Experiences in STEMDavid G Alexander (Associate Professor) David Alexander (CSU, Chico Alumnus ’92) is an Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering in the Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing Department at California State University, Chico. He teaches thermodynamics, energy systems, heat transfer, low-speed aerodynamics, and capstone senior design. He has experience and interests in renewable energy, product development, design, commercialization, intellectual property, and entrepreneurship. He

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary P. Halada, Stony Brook University; Lisa Ospitale, Stony Brook University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

). Finally, a contact database from previous Letters of Reference for REU applicants was created. These faculty members are contacted directly and asked to consider their current students for the REU program and to encourage them to apply.Diversity of participants:As a result of our recruitment efforts and value based on attracting applicants from historicallyunderrepresented groups for the purpose of increasing diversity in STEM, our participantsrepresent a diverse and inclusive community. Having a diverse group of participants each yearenhances the learning experience for all student participants, helps to build an inclusive researchenvironment for our laboratories, and provides an opportunity for mentors to work with anincreasingly

Collection

2004 GSW

Authors

Bonnie Boardman; Lynn Peterson

commoncomponent and a one-credit-hour department-specific component. The interdisciplinary course,meeting one hour per week, involves team-teaching, the professional community, and scarceteaching resources. The departmental component is in a laboratory format. Discipline-specificlabs allow departments to assign problems related to their own discipline and introduce non-common content. Most importantly, it also provides departments with the opportunity to get toknow their students and allows the students to feel connected to a department.Each departmental representative on the committee presented a list of topics covered in theirdiscipline-specific course. This data was accumulated and then comparisons made so that a listof topics common to all

Conference Session

Design Methodologies 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ulan Dakeev, Sam Houston State University; Reg Recayi Pecen, Sam Houston State University; Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Y. Luong, Sam Houston State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

transportation technologies in US waters. He was recognized as an Advisor of the Year Award nominee among 8 other UNI faculty members in 2010- 2011 academic year Leadership Award Ceremony. Dr. Pecen received a Milestone Award for outstanding mentoring of graduate students at UNI, and recognition from UNI Graduate College for acknowledging the milestone that has been achieved in successfully chairing ten or more graduate student culminating projects, theses, or dissertations, in 2011 and 2005. He was also nominated for 2004 UNI Book and Supply Outstanding Teaching Award, March 2004, and nominated for 2006, and 2007 Russ Nielson Service Awards, UNI. Dr. Pecen is an Engineering Tech- nology Editor of American Journal of

Conference Session

Promoting Technical Communication Skills

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sarah Summers, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Rebecca Bercich, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Phillip Cornwell, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Daniel Takashi Kawano, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; James E. Mayhew, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Sean Moseley, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Paper ID #29023The impact of scaffolded writing instruction on follow-up courseassignmentsDr. Sarah Summers, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Dr. Sarah Summers earned her PhD in Rhetoric and Composition from Penn State University and joined the RHIT faculty in 2014. Her work focused on writing in the disciplines, particularly at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels. She teaches courses in writing and engineering communication, in- cluding technical and professional communication, intercultural communication, digital writing, and grant writing.Dr. Rebecca Bercich, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Cornucopia #2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Uma Lakshman, NYU’s Tandon School of Engineering; Jack Bringardner, NYU’s Tandon School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Paper ID #30558Work in Progress: Transitioning to Two Semesters: The Development of aFull-Year CornerstoneMs. Uma Lakshman, NYU’s Tandon School of Engineering Uma Lakshman is a rising fourth-year undergraduate student at NYU Tandon studying Civil Engineering with a minor in Urban Informatics. She is the Head Teaching Assistant of the Introduction to Engineering and Design Course at NYU Tandon, and manages the 115 Teaching Assistants of the course. She has previously worked at AECOM as a Civil Engineering and Highway Design Intern. She has worked on projects such as the Nassau Expressway Reconstruction and the FDR Median

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Renee Cole, University of Iowa; Juliette M. Lantz, Drew University; Suzanne Ruder, Virginia Commonwealth University; Gilbert J. Reynders III, University of Iowa; Courtney Stanford, Virginia Commonwealth University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #22684Enhancing Learning by Assessing More than Content KnowledgeProf. Renee Cole, University of Iowa Dr. Ren´ee Cole is a Professor of Chemistry at the University of Iowa. Dr. Cole earned a B.A. in chemistry from Hendrix College, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in physical chemistry from the University of Okla- homa. Her research focuses on issues related to how students learn chemistry and how that guides the design of instructional materials and teaching strategies as well on efforts related to faculty development and the connection between chemistry education research and the practice of teaching. She is a PI

Collection

2018 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Vijaya Gopu; Ayman Okeil; Roger Seals

perceived enhancement of the undergraduate CEEresults of readiness tests and student assessments curriculum with the addition of FMM education.demonstrate the effectiveness of the content and the A total of 13 professionals responded to the geotechnicalpedagogical model to engage students and teach SHM engineering survey. While this was a very modest response,fundamentals and practices. the results were generally very consistent and are

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lifford McLauchlan, Texas A&M University-Kingsville

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, space, costs, and available resources. Each team designedand tested one or more subsystems. These systems were next integrated into the full system. Thedesign teams, thus, gained a better understanding of practical design considerations andintegration as well as project management. The students tested the functional ability of the robotin the laboratory after subsystem integration.The success of the hands-on practical design approach in the microprocessor based control classis clearly demonstrated by student satisfaction, presentations, reports, and overall achievement inthe course. The new redesigned course allowed more realistic practical industry based designconcepts to be adopted together with more active student

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Design in the Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Brakora, University of Michigan; Brian Gilchrist, University of Michigan; James Holloway, University of Michigan; Nilton Renno, University of Michigan; Steven Skerlos, University of Michigan; Toby Teory, University of Michigan; Peter Washabaugh, University of Michigan; Daryl Weinert, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

connectionbetween their classroom knowledge and professional practice. Important pressures also exist forour industrial “customers” who must be able to respond to the need for increasingly sophisticatedproblem solutions, requiring more sophisticated skills in professional practice from ourgraduates. Given this “moving target” in needs, if we are not able to more completely prepareour students, there will be a delay between the time of graduation and the time when ourgraduates can be fully effective innovators.In the Carnegie Foundation’s summary of their study on engineering education3, part of theirfindings included the following: “The central lesson that emerged from the study is the imperative of teaching for professional practice — with practice

Conference Session

Non-Technical Skills in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jay Bhatt, Drexel University; Vladimir Genis, Drexel University; Joshua Roberts, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Engineering Education, 2006 Library Experience for Applied Engineering Technology StudentsAbstractThe full-time Applied Engineering Technology Program at Goodwin College of DrexelUniversity was launched two years ago. This program clearly distinguishes itself fromtraditional engineering programs. The curriculum places emphasis on the application oftheory rather than on derivations and proofs. The majority of courses are fully integratedwith training and laboratory experience, extensive use of software and industrial casestudies. The information literacy of students plays an important role in the educationprocess. The primary goal of an academic library is to support the curriculum and providea more

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Scachitti, Purdue University-Calumet; Heather Woodward-Hagg, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Lash Mapa, Purdue University-Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-1030: HEALTHCARE QUALITY PARTNERSHIPS: AN EMERGINGEDUCATIONAL FRONTIER FOR INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGYPROGRAMSSusan Scachitti, Purdue University-Calumet SUSAN SCACHITTI is an Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering Technology at Purdue University Calumet. She holds degrees in Industrial Engineering Technology from the University of Dayton and a MBA in Management from North Central College. Prior to teaching, she has ten years of industrial experience. Her industry accomplishments include playing key roles in ISO9001 certification, implementing Lean techniques into an electronics manufacturing environment and establishing a benchmark for a self-directed workforce. She has

Conference Session

Computing Technology Session 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elif Miskioglu, Bucknell University; Kaela M Martin, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

” is a somewhat vague, but critical, teaching goal.Intuition is often described as subconsciously following a set of rules,1-3 developed throughexperience, and leads to better decisions in complex situations.4 In the Dreyfus model,progressing from novice (thoughtlessly following the rules) to an expert (one who examines theresults) requires intuition5 which is often difficult to teach or explain.Transitioning from a novice to expert can occur with the help of technology. Examples such asclickers or automatic response systems, Learning Catalytics, PollEverywhere, Hotseat, and TopHat have been shown to improve student learning.6,7 When implementing technology, however,it is important to note whether the learning that occurs is deep or shallow

Conference Session

Potpourri

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gonca Altuger-Genc, State University of New York, Farmingdale; Ilknur Aydin, Farmingdale State College

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

Paper ID #11401Design and Development of Self-Directed Learning (SDL) Modules for Foun-dations of Computer Programming CourseDr. Gonca Altuger-Genc, State University of New York, Farmingdale Dr. Gonca Altuger-Genc is an Assistant Professor at State University of New York - Farmingdale State College in the Mechanical Engineering Technology Department. She is serving as the K-12 STEM Out- reach Research and Training Coordinator at Renewable Energy and Sustainability Center at Farmingdale State College. Her research interests are engineering education, self-directed lifelong learning, virtual laboratories, and decision-making

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mukasa E. Ssemakula, Wayne State University; Gene Yeau-Jian Liao, Wayne State University; Shlomo S. Sawilowsky, Wayne State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

; Anaheim, CA.7. Ssemakula, M.E. and Liao, G. Y.: ‘A Hands-On Approach to Teaching Product Development’ World Transactions on Engineering &Technology Education vol. 5, no.3, (2006) pp 397-400.8. Ssemakula, M.E; Liao, G.; Ellis, R.D; Kim, K-Y; Aguwa, C.; and Sawilowsky, S.: ‘Manufacturing Integrated Learning Laboratory (MILL): A Framework for Determination of Core Learning Outcomes in Engineering Curricula’ Int. Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 27, no. 2 (2011) pp. 323 – 332.9. Hedges, L.V.: ‘Correcting a Significance Test for Clustering’ Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics vol.32, no.2 (2007) 151-17910. Ssemakula, M. E.; Liao, G.; and Ellis, R.D.: Hands-on Manufacturing Laboratory for Future Production

Conference Session

Works in Progress: Facilitating Student Success and Inclusion

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raja S. Kushalnagar, Rochester Institute of Technology; Gary W. Behm, Rochester Institute of Technology ; Aaron Weir Kelstone; Brian Trager, Rochester Institute of Technology; Mary Rose Weber, Rochester Institute of Technology; Shareef Sayel Ali, Rochester Institute of Technology NTID and VTCSecure's ACE Innovation Lab; Jason Dominick Lee, Rochester Institute of Technology, Center on Access Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

is focused on enhancing educational access for deaf and hard of hearing students in mainstreamed classrooms. He worked in industry for over five years before returning to academia and disability law policy. Towards that end, he completed a J.D. and LL.M. in disability law, and an M.S. and Ph.D. in Computer Science.Mr. Gary W. Behm, Rochester Institute of Technology Gary W. Behm, Assistant Professor of Engineering Studies Department, and Director of NTID Center on Access Technology Innovation Laboratory, National Technical Institute for the Deaf, Rochester Institute of Technology. Gary has been teaching and directing the Center on Access Technology Innovation Laboratory at NTID for five years. He is a deaf

Conference Session

Green and Sustainable Manufacturing Practices

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University (Tech.)

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

propulsion systems including design and development of pilot testing facility, mechanical instrumentation, and industrial applications of aircraft engines. Also, in the past 10 years she gained experience in teaching ME and ET courses in both quality control and quality assurance areas as well as in thermal-fluid, energy conversion and mechanical areas from various levels of instruction and addressed to a broad spectrum of students, from freshmen to seniors, from high school graduates to adult learners. She also has extended experience in curriculum development. Dr Husanu developed laboratory activities for Measurement and Instrumentation course as well as for quality control undergraduate and graduate courses in ET

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heather Perkins, North Carolina State University; Matthew Bahnson, North Carolina State University; Marissa A. Tsugawa, University of Nevada, Reno; Derrick James Satterfield, University of Nevada, Reno; Adam Kirn, University of Nevada, Reno; Cheryl Cass, SAS Institute

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Materials Science and Engineering at North Carolina State University where she spent more than seven years as a teaching professor and Director of Undergraduate Programs. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019Exploring Hypotheses Regarding Engineering Graduate Students’ Identities, Motivations,and Experiences: The GRADs ProjectProject Goals & OverviewThis project, funded by U.S. National Science Foundation (EHR-1535254 & EHR- 1535453),was developed with a goal of exploring engineering graduate students’ (EGSs’) identities,motivations, and experiences. A growing literature base and increasing awareness regardingthe importance of identity and motivation for engineering students has focused on

Conference Session

Green and Sustainable Manufacturing Practices

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University (Tech.); Carlos Michael Ruiz, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Benjamin G Cohen, Drexel Department of Engineering Technology; Sarah Renee Andrieux

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

investigations such as designing and testing of propulsion systems including design and development of pilot testing facility, mechanical instrumentation, and industrial applications of aircraft engines. Also, in the past 10 years she gained experience in teaching ME and ET courses in both quality control and quality assurance areas as well as in thermal-fluid, energy conversion and mechanical areas from various levels of instruction and addressed to a broad spectrum of students, from freshmen to seniors, from high school graduates to adult learners. She also has extended experience in curriculum development. Dr Husanu developed laboratory activities for Measurement and Instrumentation course as well as for quality control

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Maker Spaces in the First Year

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nicholas Hawkins, University of Louisville; James E. Lewis, University of Louisville; Brian Scott Robinson, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Paper ID #30254Employment of Active Learning Pedagogy Throughout a Makerspace-Based,First-Year Introduction to Engineering CourseMr. Nicholas Hawkins, University of Louisville Nicholas Hawkins is a Graduate Teaching Assistance in the Engineering Fundamentals Department at the University of Louisville. A PhD student in Electrical and Computer Engineering, he received both his B.S. and M. Eng. from the University of Louisville in the same field. His research interests include power electronics and controls, as well as engineering education for first-year students.Dr. James E. Lewis, University of Louisville James E. Lewis

Conference Session

Inquiry, Inclusivity, and Integration

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Bradley James Schmid, University of Saskatchewan

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

sizeof 45 students; typically requiring three sections. Teaching assistants are available in the labs toanswer students questions related to the use of the software; AutoCAD or Civil 3D.[2]Laboratory assignments were assigned as either projects or lab experiences depending on therequired effort expected from students. Labs consisted of drawings to complete where the CADsoftware features were demonstrated and video recorded in the lab session. The students wouldtypically have one week, with three hours of lab time in two 1.5-hour sessions, to complete theirdrawings. The projects would also have a laboratory demonstration (and recording) but theassignments were longer in duration and more laboratory sessions (typically four 1.5-hour labs)were

Conference Session

K-12 Engineering and Pre-College Outreach Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kauser Jahan, Rowan University; Kathleen Sernak, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

women to the engineering profession.Kathleen Sernak, Rowan University Dr. Kathleen Sernak, Associate Professor of Educational Leadership, was recruited in 1998 as a faculty member for the brand new Educational Leadership doctoral program. Since then, she has had the responsibility of revising the program in 2001, as well as chairing and writing a new master’s program focusing on teacher leadership. Her teaching has included distance learning and video-conferencing to pair students from different universities and backgrounds to enhance understanding of diversity. As the Founder of the Teacher Learning and Discovery Center Program, she is experienced in operating summer enrichment

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Seamus Freyne, Manhattan College; Micah Hale, University of Arkansas; Stephan Durham, University of Colorado at Denver

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

AC 2007-1161: INCORPORATING "GREEN" IDEAS INTO CIVIL ENGINEERINGMATERIALS COURSESSeamus Freyne, Manhattan College An ASEE member since 2003, Seamus Freyne is an assistant professor of civil engineering at Manhattan College in New York City. Previously he taught at the University of Oklahoma. His research interests include concrete materials, structures, and sustainability.Micah Hale, University of Arkansas W. Micah Hale is an assistant professor at the University of Arkansas where he teaches courses in civil engineering materials and reinforced concrete design. In addition to his teaching interests, he also conducts research in the areas of concrete materials and prestressed concrete.Stephan Durham

Conference Session

Industry Collaborations in Engineering Technology

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Frank Bartonek, Cessna Aircraft Company; Bruce Dallman, Pittsburg State University; James Lookadoo, Pittsburg State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

aroundappropriate funding – but there are other areas as well), quality of instructional facilities(to include equipment in teaching laboratories), level of support services (computing,financial aid offices, registrar, etc.), a strong supply of capable students, and lastly thekey component – the quality of faculty. The activities described above are all aboutmaintaining and enhancing the quality of faculty.When faculty are hired within PSU’s College of Technology, appropriate academiccredentials as well as industrial experience are expected. Generally speaking, theminimum level of responsible industrial experience is three years. A large percentage ofour faculty have significantly more industrial experience than our expected minimum,however even with that

Conference Session

Multimedia and Distance Learning in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nikunja Swain, South Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

during laboratory experiments, misinterpretations of lab data andunderachievement in standardized science and engineering tests that stress the fundamentals.This problem can be effectively addressed by improving the student’s conceptual understandingand comprehension of the topics through interactive learning and teaching with virtualinstruments (VI) software package like LabVIEW.This paper will discuss design and development of interactive instructional modules (VIs) forstudying (a) Basic Three Phase and Single Phase Circuits, (b) Modeling of Transmission Lines,(c) Simple Economic Dispatch Problem and (d) steps to solve Load Flow problems throughNewton Raphson Method.I. IntroductionThe engineering, science, and technology field at present

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Karen High; Cynthia Mann

to its fullest extent. Students turn away from engineering because theyfeel it is too abstract and not practical. They feel as though it requires a lot of hard work for littlebenefit. Students do not think engineering will be fun. The truth is that engineering draws on allof one’s abilities and experiences. Engineering requires more than the math and logical thinkingskills that we spend our class time learning. Good engineering requires creativity.One might say that even though creativity is important, it is not a skill that can be ‘taught’ andtherefore requires no further concern. We disagree. Whether or not we can ‘teach’ engineeringstudents to be creative, we can provide an environment that supports creative thinking. We canallow students

Conference Session

Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Afsaneh Minaie, Utah Valley University; Ali Sanati-Mehrizy, Pennsylvania State University; Paymon Sanati-Mehrizy, University of Pennsylvania; Reza Sanati-Mehrizy, Utah Valley University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

WSN Course at Portland State UniversityIn the Computer Science Department at Portland State University, they introduced an in-classlaboratory component to their undergraduate sensor networks course that had previously beenentirely lecture-based. For the laboratory exercises, they used Sun’s Java-programmable SunSPOT sensor network technology. They found that their first hands-on laboratory-basedundergraduate-accessible wireless sensor networks course to be a success. They feel that thegentler learning curve of the SPOTs was a necessity for developing labs that reinforce important Page 25.823.3concepts from the lecture, and this would have been

Conference Session

Newly Developed Engineering Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Dobrowski, Purdue University-North Central

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

making capabilities. While the top studentstoday would have been top students twenty, thirty, etc. years ago, it seems that the “average”student has seen a decline in their skills. Teaching a course in Materials Testing for twenty years Page 15.1006.2has been a source of great pleasure and searing frustration. The course itself is wonderful in that itreinforces the theoretical background that the students have been taught in the prerequisite courses,while simultaneously exposing the students to hands on testing with real world applications. Thegoal of the class is for the students to take data derived from laboratory tests and put the raw

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Amir Karimi; Dan Dimitriu

Copyright © 2005, American Society for Engineering Educationstudent’s preparation for future engineering practice. The course format is a three-hour lecturewith one-hour laboratory/recitation. The laboratory/recitation hour is limited to a smallenrollment (25) that allows student/instructor interaction in problem-solving techniques. Thetotal enrollment ranges between 250 and 275 students in Fall semester and 120-150 students inSpring semester. The enrollment during the summer session is around 50 students.The first part of the course is used to advise students in proper course selection and preparestudents for college life. Students are introduced to basic tools of survival in engineeringprograms. Topics include study skills, time management

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Ronald K. Goodnight; Gary B. Randolph; Dennis O. Owen

University’s School of Technology at Anderson program is anexample of this. At one time, non-traditional students comprised over ninety percent of thestudent body of this campus. These non-traditional students averaged over 30 years old andworked full time. These students were adult learners, had special learning needs, and requiredspecial teaching methodologies to maximize their learning. In the United States, MalcolmKnowles introduced the andragogy method, defining it as “the art and science of helping adultslearn”. Knowles’ primary premise is that virtually all adult learning is self-directed throughone’s life-based roles, experiences, and interactions.1