Conference Session

Retention: Keeping the Women Students

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Paige Smith

. Aimed primarilyat women, the program targets incoming first year students, undergraduates, graduate students,and faculty. RISE SRT is a ten-week team-based research experience. The team structureincludes a Faculty Mentor, a Graduate RISE Fellow (a graduate student currently working withthe faculty member on the identified research project), an Undergraduate RISE Fellow (anundergraduate student familiar with the faculty member’s research), and up to four RISEScholars (undergraduates new to the project recruited nationally). Since the program began insummer 2002, ten research projects have been completed.Over the past two years the research experience has been assessed from a variety of perspectives,including a series of focus groups (e.g., RISE

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Wendy Reffeor; Jeffrey Ray

Session 1566 Incorporating Experimental Design in a Mechanics of Materials Course Wendy Reffeor, Ph.D., Jeffrey L. Ray, Ph.D. Seymour and Esther Padnos School of Engineering Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids, MI 49504AbstractA necessary part of any engineering design is the development of specifications that define itsfunction. Once these specifications are developed, testing of that design to ensure it meets thedesign specifications is essential. At Grand Valley State University, we have incorporateddesign and build projects into

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Barrie Jackson

practical “Proceedings of the 2001 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2001, American Society for Engineering Education”engineering modules, rather than long tedious set laboratories. Although there were someinevitable “teething problems”, the program was a considerable success. This program wasexpanded until now it is APSC100, Applied Science 100, and is offered to all first year students.These projects are a quite eclectic lot being developed across most of the departments in thefaculty. A typical project that was developed jointly between Chemical Engineering and theChemistry Department is described. This particular project deals with a novel modification tothe

Conference Session

Design in Freshman and Sophomore Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Trivett, University of Prince Edward Island; Stephen Champion, University of Prince Edward Island

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

AC 2012-5195: USING ONLINE OPEN-INNOVATION CHALLENGES TOINTRODUCE DESIGN IN FIRST-YEAR ENGINEERING COURSESDr. Andrew Trivett, University of Prince Edward IslandProf. Stephen Champion, University of Prince Edward Island Page 25.1434.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Using Online Open-Innovation Challenges to introduce Design in First-Year engineering coursesIntroductionProject-based courses in first-year provide the first exposure to design in many engineeringprograms in North America, and around the world. The first project a student encounters cancolor their view of the profession for

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Charles V. Camp; Anna P. Phillips; Paul Palazolo

. The first would be skills that could be integratedinto the student’s course work beyond the entry level. These skills included surveying, othermeasurement skills, data collection and analysis, and computer skills including spreadsheets andprogramming. The second area of focus was on communication with a focus on writing and oralpresentations.In response to the goal of increased communication skills, traditional lecture-style instructionwas extensively supplemented by a series of projects that the students completed in groups. Eachproject was designed to utilize all of the skill and learning components selected for emphasis inthe sequence. As the students proceeded from the first class through the third class, they wereexposed to similar

Conference Session

Alternative Energy Laboratory Experiences

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Narayanan M. Komerath, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

the mass market potential of the latter offers the way toadvance the former, while the technical excellence of the former offers the way to make thelatter successful in the mass market. This is the combination of opportunity and challengemotivating the project behind this paper. The thoughtful reader is reminded that innovationsin engineering education sometimes have to go beyond classroom teaching, and that archivalpublications should reference, rather than repeat, material already presented in prior papers.Hence, for such items as detailed course outlines, student comments, etc., references toprevious papers are given to published work. The pedagogical aspects are in relatingknowledge and learning across disciplines and skills. They require

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

C. Dianne Martin; Edmund Tsang; Rand Decker

4,5,6,7, except thatservice learning provides the context for the design projects.The service learning project is carried out with the partnership of the Mobile County SchoolSystem and provides students enrolled in "Introduction to Mechanical Engineering" with real-lifecustomers in their design projects -- a team of two middle-school teachers. The students areinformed about a need in the community (the schools) for more resources to support hands-on ofmathematics and science in middle-schools in Mobile County 8, and they are tasked withdesigning and producing manipulatives/instruction modules that satisfy the need of their teachercustomers for implementing hands-on activities to teach mathematics and science.To make the process "real-world" like

Conference Session

Enhancing Engineering Math with Technology

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

D. Reinhard

evaluators are being asked to provide evidence of successfulteaching and learning. The few evaluation efforts to date have focused primarily on documentinglong term outcomes assessed by standard testing methods, however very little effort has beenmade to establish valid ways of improving design and use as it occurs. An additional area ofconcern arises from the use of technology to support curriculum when there is a lack ofknowledge of impact on students’ cognitive schemas. This paper presents the findings of a five-year project, known as Project Links, 1 conducted at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, fundedunder the National Science Foundation initiative Mathematics Across the Curriculum. As part ofthis grant, 33 interactive technology-supported

Conference Session

CAD Applications in MET Courses

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Ted Loso; Raj Desai; Dave Baird; Craig Downing; Gary Frey

, andindustry are examined. While the time constraints placed on both the students and the instructorsis a problem, the benefits are great enough to make this cooperation worthwhile. The use ofadvanced technology is expensive but there are various ways to defray the cost of thistechnology to both education and industry. Cooperative ventures of this kind result in moreideas going into production, increase student learning, and help small-scale production facilitiesincrease their profitability.IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to determine effective ways to improve student’s problem solvingskills. It was thought that the Rapid Prototyping and design of industrial projects would bevaluable in increasing the translation between 2-D drawings and

Conference Session

Robotics, Mechatronics, and Control Systems - Multidisciplinary Perspectives

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael A. Gennert, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Taskin Padir, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

, and S.M. in Electrical Engineering in 1980 and the Sc.D. in Electrical Engineering in 1987 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Gennert is interested in Computer Vision, Image Processing, Scientific Databases, and Programming Languages, with ongoing projects in biomedical image process- ing, robotics, and stereo and motion vision. He is author or co-author of over 100 papers. He is a member of Sigma Xi, NDIA Robotics Division, and the Massachusetts Technology Leadership Council Robotics Cluster, and a senior member of IEEE and ACM.Dr. Taskin Padir, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Page 23.1049.1

Conference Session

Innovative Pedagogical Strategies I

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Lucas, Purdue University; Bhavana Kotla, Purdue Polytechnic Graduate Programs; Katey Shirey, EduKatey; Lisa Bosman, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology Division (ETD)

todevelop and employ innovative pedagogies to address the impediments to learning in an onlineenvironment. This proceeding describes the motivational impact on students from participatingin a semester-long asynchronous project to create a nature-inspired and entrepreneurially mindedpodcast in an online Engineering Technology course. The project's duration was intentionally anentire semester to encourage students to remain engaged in the overall course content. Thematicanalysis of student reflections indicates that participants were motivated in areas correspondingto Alderfer’s proposed categories of basic human needs: existence, relatedness, and growth. Theresults are presented and discussed concerning the motivational framework. Additionally

Conference Session

Hands-On Learning in ET I

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gang Sun, Northern Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology Division (ETD)

; digitalcircuits and modules, serves as major experimental equipment in our embedded systems designeducation. Through two pivotal microcontroller courses at Northern Kentucky University(NKU), students engage in hands-on exploration of microcontroller architecture, coveringregisters, memory addressing, subroutines, stacks, peripheral Inputs/Outputs, clock systems,interrupts, timers, as well as advanced microcontroller techniques and real-time operatingsystems. The proposed practical experiments and course projects, conducted on the MISL-ASEboards, empower students with invaluable insights and skills. Survey results from anonymousstudent feedback indicate heightened interest in microcontroller courses and improvements inhands-on knowledge and skills

Collection

2016 Rocky Mountain Section Conference

Authors

Jeffrey S. Bates; Taylor D. Sparks

request, two faculty membersgained approval for a new course entitled Materials Innovation. The purpose of this course was tointroduce MSE students to problem solving, the engineering design process, and technologycommercialization. Students designed a project based on design constraints, materialrequirements, and user needs. Students made team decisions, developed prototypes, and presentedtheir solutions to Industrial Advisory Board members to receive expert feedback. This paperdiscusses what worked well in the course, and lessons learned from our first attempt.KeywordsTeaching innovation, materials science and engineering, engineering design process, creativeproblem solvingIntroductionMany undergraduate students choose to study engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Gulf Southwest Annual Conference

Authors

Jorge Antonio Tito P.E., University of Houston - Downtown; Amy Heilig, Dlubal Software, Inc.

that performs the structural analysis and designof structures. The agreement allows our undergraduate students to be exposed to professional andadvanced software that is used for courses in structural analysis, structural dynamics, and thecomprehensive capstone design course. The full version of the software allows the study of structureswith different complexity without restriction due to their size, type of loads or design requirements.The projects presented in this paper are examples of a successful technology transfer from industry touniversity using professional software. The active support of Dlubal Software, Inc. allowed studentsto correctly apply the software capabilities. Projects of this nature require interaction between student

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division 3 - Engagement in Practice Lightning Round: Fostering Reciprocal Partnerships and Empowering Change

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Danielle N. Wagner, Purdue University, West Lafayette ; William C. Oakes, Purdue University, West Lafayette ; Ashish Dahiya, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division (COMMENG)

Service-Learning. He was a co-recipient of the National Academy of Engineering’s Bernard Gordon Prize for Innovation in Engi- neering and Technology Education and the recipient of the National Society of Professional Engineers’ Educational Excellence Award and the ASEE Chester Carlson Award. He is a fellow of the American Society for Engineering Education and the National Society of Professional Engineers.Mr. Ashish, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India Ashish had been working with RuTAG IIT Delhi as a P.A. Tech. for the past five years. He has conducted extensive research on rural problems and worked on community-based projects aimed at improving the livelihoods of marginalized people. Ashish’s commitment to

Conference Session

Work in Progress Papers in ECE

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John M Pavlina Ph.D., Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Prescott; William Spencer Darby, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University; Parker D. Landon, Boston University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE)

is often difficult for students to find interest or value in a first course on electric circuits.Students outside the field of electrical engineering may also experience greater difficulty. Thiscourse, primarily for aerospace and mechanical engineering majors, focuses on exposingstudents to basic circuit methods and terminology to prepare them for future courses and careerin industry. The current dilemma professors experience while teaching these courses is providingrelevant coursework while also improving class engagement. We propose using the QuestionFormulation Technique (QFT) coupled with simple research projects in our circuits course toincite curiosity and develop a questioning mindset. QFT developed by the Right QuestionInstitute was

Conference Session

AERO 2: Innovative Pedagogy and Hands-on Learning 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vicleese Sloan, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Engineering and Aviation Science, Aviation Management Senior Student; Fasil Tesfaye Amado, University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Cameron Smith; Bryan Stivell Campbell, University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Willie L. Brown Jr., University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Lanju Mei, University of Maryland Eastern Shore

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace Division (AERO)

Paper ID #37967Learners’ Peer-to-Peer Interactions of Aerospace and Aviation Educationwith Unmanned Aerial Systems Designs Using Data Methods IntegrationVicleese Sloan, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Engineering and Aviation Science, Avia-tion Management Senior Student My background experience in education with The University of Maryland Eastern Shore has been on two recent applications of model-based learning with developing solutions in mitigating coronavirus in avia- tion. I’ve also worked on the 5G Smart City Model for Project Based Learning, also in the Student Model Project Based Learning. AREN/NASA

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Boshra Karimi, Northern Kentucky University; Mahdi Yazdanpour, Northern Kentucky University; Sean Foley, Northern Kentucky University

of International Studies and Outreach at Oklahoma State University, and a teaching associate in School of Construction Management Technology at Oklahoma State University. I have also over 14 years of experience in industry. I have worked in Neyrperse company as an Engineering Expert, as a Technical Office Supervisor in Mapna group, as a Mechanical Engineering Supervisor in construction (Professional Engineer) in Iranian Construction Engineers Organization, and as a Consultant in Roll-2-Roll Technologies LLC in Oklahoma. My research interests include sustainable project management, sustainability assessment, sustainable technology implementation, supply chain management, decision-making modeling, and big data

Conference Session

Broadening Participation and Inclusion in STEM: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natasha Andrade, University of Maryland College Park; Elisabeth Smela, University of Maryland College Park; Vincent Nguyen, University of Maryland College Park; David Bigio, University of Maryland College Park; Adjoa Egyen-Davis, University of Maryland College Park; Daniela Nganjo

conscientious engineering aspects throughout the undergraduate educational experience. His efforts include formally integrating sustainability design requirements into the mechanical engineering capstone projects, introducing non-profit partnerships related to designs for persons with disabilities, and founding the Social/Environmental Design Impact Award. He manages several outreach and diversity efforts including the large-scale Get Out And Learn (GOAL) engineering kit program that reaches thousands of local K-12 students. He has received the Volunteers for Medical Engineering (VME) 2020 Faculty of the Year award, Engineering for US All (e4usa) 2021 Most Outstanding University Partner Award, and the VME 2021 Volunteer of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Muhammad Asghar, Utah State University; Angela Minichiello, Utah State University; Anika Banerjee, Georgia Institute of Technology; Ebenezer Ewumi, Washington State University; Candis Claiborn, Washington State University; Olusola Adesope, Washington State University

utility is widely agreed upon [5].Importantly, it has been shown that both academic and extracurricular aspects of a student’slearning processes are characterized by engagement [6]. High Impact Educational Practices(HIP) provide useful opportunities for deep student engagement and, thus, positively influencestudent retention and persistence [4]. Kuh [3] identified eleven curricular and extracurricular HIP(i.e., collaborative assignments and projects, common intellectual experiences, eportfolios, firstyear seminars and experiences, global learning and study abroad, internships, learningcommunities, senior culminating experiences, service and community-based learning,undergraduate research, and writing intensive courses). In computer science and

Conference Session

Engineering Economy Division (EED) Technical Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Huseyin Sarper, Old Dominion University; Nebojsa I Jaksic P.E., Colorado State University - Pueblo

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy Division (EED)

), the M.S. in industrial engineering (1992), and the Ph.D. in industrial engineering from The Ohio State University (2000). Currently, he is a Professor at Colorado State University-Pueblo. Dr. Jaksic has over 100 publications and holds two patents. His interests include robotics, automation, and nanotechnology. He is a licensed PE in the State of Colorado, a member of ASEE, and a senior member of IEEE and SME. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Investment Exercise for First-Year Engineering StudentsAbstractThis paper describes a long running individual student project aimed to teach basic engineeringeconomy concepts to the first-year engineering students. Engineering

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Division (ETD) Technical Session 6

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenna Wong, San Francisco State University; Shah Rukh Humayoun, San Francisco State University; Khanh Nguyen; Yongjian Pan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology Division (ETD)

related to post-hazard structural evaluation training. Supported through a grant byStructural Engineer’s Association of Northern California, SFSU is progressively developing animmersive experience for trainees to explore a structure damaged from an earthquake event.Trainees will need to navigate around the structure and control their point-of-view to examinethe evidence of damage. Ultimately, the trainees must classify the structure based on acceptablelevel of occupancy access (i.e. red card - no access, yellow card - limited access, green card - okfor occupancy). This environment is being developed progressively with the first stage of workfocusing on a desktop version of this training. Through this project, three computer sciencegraduate

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jill Davishahl, Western Washington University; Audrey Boklage, University of Texas at Austin; Madison Andrews, University of Texas at Austin

(RIEF) program, thisproject seeks to increase student sense of belonging in undergraduate engineering studentsthrough the integration of social engagement activities into an academic makerspace. Socialengagement activities, in this context, are events, projects, discussions, and workshops that havea strong emphasis on supporting the social and emotional development of students. Supportingstudents’ social and emotional development is an essential component to creating culturallycompetent, well-rounded engineers. Due to the flexible and informal nature of the makerspaceenvironment, it is an ideal place to build and create these social connections between students.The engagement activities were designed to encourage students of all backgrounds

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karin Jensen, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Julie Martin, The Ohio State University; Chiebuka Egwuonwu, The Ohio State University; Isabel Miller, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

engineering faculty who have little or no experience conducting socialscience research. The NSF considers support of engineering faculty in EER a major initiativebecause it increases and diversifies the community of engineering education researchers. Thesenew engineering education researchers work collaboratively on a two-year project withexperienced research mentors in pairs or in larger groups. Despite the NSF’s significantinvestment, there is no overarching structure to support awardees’ completion of successfulprojects and facilitate their continued engagement in the EER community after completion of theRIEF grant. To that end, our ongoing project (NSF-2029446 and NSF-2029410) has developed aseries of virtual workshops within a VCoP to support

Collection

2022 ASEE Illinois-Indiana Section Conference

Authors

M. Austin Creasy, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI)

2022 ASE Illinois-Indiana Section Conference Proceedings | Paper ID 36137 Individual Capstone Assessment Using Z-Scores M. Austin Creasy* Purdue University mcreasy@purdue.edu L. Eric Stacy Purdue UniversityAbstractCapstone courses and the associated projects are the culminating learning experiencefor many engineering programs. Students are placed in teams with an assigned projectthat simulates working in an industrial setting. Grading individual students within theseteams can be challenging for an instructor because many of the course deliverables arethe

Conference Session

Faculty Development Lighting Talk Session 1: COVID-19 Focus

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Yen-Lin Han, Seattle University; Joshua M. Hamel, Seattle University; Claire Strebinger, Seattle University; Gregory Mason, Seattle University; Kathleen E. Cook, Seattle University; Teodora Rutar Shuman, Seattle University

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division

served as Chair for the ASEE Energy Conversion and Conservation Division. She received a Dipl.Ing. degree in mechanical engineering from Belgrade University, and an M.S.M.E. and a Ph.D. from the University of Washington. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Lessons Learned - Making the “New Reality” More Real: Adjusting a Hands-On Curriculum for Remote LearningIn 2017, the Mechanical Engineering Department at Seattle University was awarded a NationalScience Foundation Revolutionizing Engineering Departments (RED) grant. The project focuseson creating a department culture that fosters engineering identities by immersing students in aculture of

Conference Session

First-year Programs: Retention and Bridge Programs #1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sonia M. Bartolomei-Suarez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Manuel A. Jimenez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Luisa Guillemard, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Oscar Marcelo Suarez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Aidsa I. Santiago-Roman, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Nayda G. Santiago, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Carla Lopez Del Puerto, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Pedro O. Quintero, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Nelson Cardona-Martínez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Anidza Valentin, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Handling Systems, Women in Academia in STEM fields, Engineering in Education and Access to Post-Secondary Education. From August 2006 through February 2008, she was the Associate Dean of Academic Affairs of the College of Engineering. She was Co-Pi of the NSF’s UPRM ADVANCE IT Catalyst Project awarded during 2008. From 2008-2016, she was Co-PI of the USDE’s Puerto Rico Col- lege Access Challenge Grant Project. From 2015-2018, she was the Coordinator of the UPRM College of Engineering Recruitment, Retention and Distance Engineering Education Program (R2DEEP). Currently, she is Co-PI of the project ”Recruiting, Retaining, and Engaging Academically Talented Students from Economically Disadvantaged Groups into a Pathway to

Conference Session

Design Across Curriculum 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Victoria Bill, NYU Tandon School of Engineering; Ariane Schoenwiesner, New York University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

themakerspace opened, there was no required 3D printing or prototyping training. A short ComputerAided Design (CAD) keychain design activity was introduced in 2016; this started as asimplified first week lab activity. In Fall 2018, it was redesigned as a full lab activity and movedto the fourth week of the class. Students now must learn both Fusion 360 and Autodesk Revitand then complete a short design activity using each software.The primary semester-long design project for the course has been also developed over the pastthree years to allow a combination of the original highly structured, robotic projects and givenprompt-based and student-initiated concept open-ended design challenges [1]. As the fabricationof the less strictly defined projects can

Collection

2020 ASEE North Central Section conference

Authors

Natalie Grace Bowen, Central Michigan University; Kumar Yelamarthi, Central Michigan University

mathematics in order for them to becollege- and career-ready. The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for secondarymathematics aim to have students practice applying what they learn to real-world scenarios andproblems, while also emphasizing communication, collaboration, problem solving, and criticalthinking skills, similar to the NGSS [2]. Currently, many K-12 science classrooms are faced with challenges when giving studentsreal opportunities to do science involving true inquiry and hands-on learning, especially in high-minority enrollment schools, as they face underfunding and under resourcing, and haveincreasingly less access to certified science teachers [3]. This project, a mobile multifunctionalweather station, utilizes a fairly simple

Collection

2013 North Midwest Section Meeting

Authors

Cristinel Ababei; Anca M. Miron

% − ofwomen in electrical and computer engineering fields. Its goal is to address this gender gapproblem by exposing women to electrical engineering at an earlier age, thereby fosteringexcitement about pursuing careers in electrical engineering and higher confidence in theirmath, science, and problem-solving skills. Designed for the duration of one week, the campactivities include hands-on microcontroller based projects using Arduino boards, classdiscussions, meetings with female professors and students, and tours of local high-techcompanies. Utilizing entry and exit questionaires, we found that 50% of the participantsfelt empowered and declared that they wanted to become electrical engineers. We alsodiscuss several suggestions for improving future