Conference Session

Sustainability

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James E. Wilcox , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Atsushi Akera, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Multidisciplinary Engineering

to demonstrate a rudimentary ability to move beyond “opinions” towards informed judgment that is based in facts, sound reasoning, and active Page 24.929.2 reflection. 3) Demonstrated progress in the basic technical proficiencies of higher education, including reading, writing, oral and visual presentation, independent study, teamwork, and seminar-style conversation. 4) Clear evidence of thoughtful reflections about your own learning process as related to your transition to college.In terms of course content, in the year in which assessment data was collected, the course beganwith a focus on environmental ethics

Conference Session

Classroom Management

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward F. Gehringer, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

Paper ID #9816Optimizing your teaching loadDr. Edward F. Gehringer, North Carolina State University Dr. Gehringer is an associate professor in the Departments of Computer Science, and Electrical & Computer Engineering. His research interests include computerized assessment systems, and the use of natural-language processing to improve the quality of reviewing. He teaches courses in the area of programming, computer architecture, object-oriented design, and ethics in computing. Page 24.961.1

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University; Jennifer Vernengo, Rowan University; Tom Merrill, Rowan University; Jennifer Kadlowec, Rowan University; Mary M. Staehle, Rowan University; Robi Polikar, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

criteria; and (5)to explore the complicated ethical issues regarding the technological advances that blur the boundariesbetween machines and organisms. The development of the undergraduate modules began in year one and was performed by summer in-terns and teams of students in the Junior/Senior Engineering Clinic, under the supervision of the investi-gators. Piloting the modules in undergraduate courses began in year two (the current year of the project),and they will be refined based on our formative evaluation. In the second half of year two and year three,we will continue to use the modules at Rowan while also focusing on dissemination activities such as be-ta-testing at other institutions and G6-12 teacher-training workshops.Artificial Blood

Conference Session

New Course Development Concepts in ET I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vladimir Genis, Drexel University (Tech.); M. Eric Carr, Drexel University; Siddharth Vyas, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Adrian A. Pollock, MISTRAS Group, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

understanding of and a commitment to address professional and ethical responsibilities including a respect for diversity; j. a knowledge of the impact of engineering technology solutions in a societal and global context; k. a commitment to quality, timeliness, and continuous improvement. 2.2. Topics Covered in the AE CourseThe AE course is a blend of lectures and laboratory projects. All the students work at the sametime on the same lab in pairs with each pair having its own equipment. In the course of adaptingthe technical material to fit this logistical plan, some of the inspector-course labs underwent

Conference Session

Socio-cultural Elements of Learning through Service

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bowa George Tucker, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; David O. Kazmer, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Chris Swan, Tufts University; Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Kurt Paterson P.E., James Madison University; Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University; Greg Rulifson P.E., University of Colorado, Boulder; Linda Barrington, University of Massachusetts, Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

waste materials.Dr. Angela R Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder Angela Bielefeldt, Ph.D., P.E., is a Professor in the Department of Civil, Environmental, & Architec- tural Engineering at the University of Colorado Boulder. She has been on the faculty since 1996. She serves as the ABET Assessment Coordinator for the Department. Professor Bielefeldt teaches introduc- tory courses for first year engineering students, senior capstone design, and environmental engineering specialty courses. She conducts engineering education research related to learning through service (LTS), social responsibility, sustainability, ethics, and globalization.Prof. Kurt Paterson P.E., James Madison UniversityDr. Olga Pierrakos

Conference Session

Information and Network Security

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Manghui Tu, Purdue University Calumet; Shiming Xue, Purdue University Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

, programming, testing ofvarious applications installed, as well as ethical hacking and incident investigation in thevirtualized Linux environments. All these will provide students with in-depth knowledge andskills in cloud computing and information assurance. More important, research results can benaturally integrated with the existing Computer Information Technology curriculum, whichcan benefit students in the CIT program at Purdue University Calumet (PUC) and students inthe programs that have partnerships with PUC in the Midwest.6. ConclusionIn this paper, a systematic approach has been proposed to develop the forensics readiness tofight against attacks and inside activities committed in virtualized Linux environments. Thisapproach focuses on

Conference Session

Research in Biomedical Pedagogy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David W. Gatchell PhD, Northwestern University; Robert A. Linsenmeier, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

engineering courses that did not fitinto the categories discussed so far (Figure 1) and these were classified into the category “other.”Courses in this category include ethics, communication (written, oral, and graphical), economics,BME seminars, and professional development. These courses comprised 9 credit hours onaverage and no program required more than 20 credit hours of “other” courses. Figure 2 shows the amount of time that each university required in each of the subjectsshown in Figure 1. This graph is comprised of data only from those universities that requiredeach of the listed topics. Data were converted to a semester credit hour basis for all universities.The median number of hours for graduation at these universities was 129, with

Conference Session

FPD 5: Course Delivery Methods and Issues

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Krista M. Kecskemety, Ohio State University; Brooke Morin, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

what ways do students perceive that they benefitfrom the inverted classroom approach? Additionally, which classroom approach do studentsprefer and is there a connection to their perceived benefits?MethodsCourse DescriptionThe fall semester course used in this study focused primarily on computer-aided problem solvingusing Excel, MATLAB, and C/C++. Academic integrity, engineering ethics, data analysis, teambuilding, and the engineering design process were also covered. There was a laboratorycomponent to the course, which included exercises from a variety of engineering disciplines. Theinverted classroom model was applied to each course component. The theoretical framework forthe inverted classroom approach is based on Bloom’s taxonomy. Each

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Renee D. Rogge, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Glen A. Livesay, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Jameel Ahmed, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; William A. Kline, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Robert M. Bunch, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Michael Wollowski, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. Page 24.1228.2Layout of the Innovation CanvasThe IC (Figure 1) is arranged in four quadrants surrounding a central theme of Value. Creatingvalue is the primary objective of most design projects or ventures; therefore it takes “centerstage” on the IC. The “value proposition” is a statement that describes how something of valueis provided to customers/stakeholders (i.e. describing the need that the proposed solution is goingto meet) and is often a primary measure of success. It should be noted that the concept of valuehas a very broad meaning and includes financial, societal, cultural, environmental, sustainability,and ethical valuations. The Value component of the IC is critical for design students as it putstheir work in perspective – they

Conference Session

Improving Laboratory Education in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Cooper, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

division’s newslet- ter editor. Dr. Cooper’s research interests include effective teaching, conceptual and inductive learning, integrating writing and speaking into the curriculum, and professional ethics. Page 24.1236.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 The Paperless Lab – Streamlining a Modern Unit Operations Laboratory Course to Reduce Faculty Time Commitment1. IntroductionUnit Operations (UO) laboratory courses are important, required offerings in chemicalengineering curricula due to the similarities of required laboratory tasks to those relevant inindustry

Conference Session

Innovations in Pedagogy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine Langman, Illinois Institute of Technology; Eric M. Brey, Illinois Institute of Technology; Judith S. Zawojewski, Illinois Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

manycomplications. The students’ research projects are developed from ongoing work in thelaboratories. The research projects of the undergraduate students covered a diversity of topicsrelated to diabetes, including metabolic engineering, biomaterials, biosensors, medical imagingand tissue engineering. In addition to conducting research, students participated in weeklyseminars on topics related to diabetes (basic research, clinical treatment public health andpolicy), weekly ethics seminars, and off-campus tours of research and clinical facilities. Theseactivities were designed to expose students to the broad health implications of the disease and theimportance of research related to the treatment and potential cures for this disease and itscomplications

Conference Session

Capstone Courses and Project Based-Learning

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vincent Wilczynski, Yale University; Corey S. O'Hern, Yale University; Eric R. Dufresne, Yale University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

system, component, or process to meet desired goals (d) an ability to function on a multi-disciplinary team (e) identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems (f) understand professional and ethical responsibility (g) communicate effectively (h) the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global and

Conference Session

Simulations and Project Based Learning I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason K. Durfee P.E., Eastern Washington University; Donald C. Richter, Eastern Washington University; Martin William Weiser, Eastern Washington University; N.M. A. Hossain, Eastern Washington University; Hani Serhal Saad, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, computational fluid dynamics, professional ethics, and piano technology.Dr. Donald C. Richter, Eastern Washington University DONALD C. RICHTER obtained his B. Sc. in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from The Ohio State University, M.S. and Ph.D. in Engineering from the University of Arkansas. He is currently a Full Professor at Eastern Washington University. He holds a Professional Engineer certification and worked as an Engineer and Engineering Manger in industry for 20 years before teaching. His interests include engineering education, project management, robotics /automation and air pollution dispersion modeling.Prof. Martin William Weiser, Eastern Washington University Martin Weiser is an Assistant Professor in

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Techniques in the Classroom

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald W. Welch, The Citadel; Kevin C. Bower PE, The Citadel; Kaitlin Marley, The Citadel; Ally Kindel Martin, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

over 24 years including eleven years on the faculty at the United States Military Academy.Dr. Kevin C Bower PE, The Citadel Dr. Kevin Bower is an Associate Professor of and Department Head of Civil and Environmental Engineer- ing at The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina. He recently received the ASEE Environmental Engineer- ing Meritorious Service Award and he was the 2011 Harry C. Saxe teaching award recipient awarded for outstanding undergraduate engineering teaching at The Citadel. Dr. Bower’s teaching research interests are in improving active learning environments, recruiting and retaining underrepresented populations to civil engineering, and the development of classroom pedagogy to improve moral and ethical

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary and Undergraduate Research in Engineering Technology

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rigoberto Chinchilla, Eastern Illinois University; Bryan G. Baker, Eastern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Paper ID #6155Methodology for Evaluating Statistical Equivalence in Face Recognition Us-ing Live Subjects with Dissimilar Skin TonesDr. Rigoberto Chinchilla, Eastern Illinois University Rigoberto Chinchilla, PhD in Integrated Engineering, Ohio University, is an Associate Professor of Ap- plied Engineering and Technology at Eastern Illinois University (EIU) since 2004. His teaching and research interests include Quality Design, Biometric and Computer Security, Clean Technologies, Au- tomation and Technology-Ethics. Dr. Chinchilla has been a Fulbright and a United Nations scholar, serves in numerous departmental and

Conference Session

Engineering Identity 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nadia L. Frye, Washington State University; Devlin Montfort, Washington State University; Shane A. Brown P.E., Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

to theories of personal epistemologydevelopment throughout a Civil Engineering program. Page 23.963.10Acknowledgements This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation underGrant No. 1025205. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed inthis material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NationalScience Foundation.References1. Perry, W. G. (1970). Forms of intellectual and ethical development in the college years: A scheme. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.2. Belenky, M. F., Clinchy, B. M., Goldberger, N. R., & Tarule, J. M. (1986

Conference Session

Programs in Support of Systems Engineering Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roger V. Gonzalez P.E., The University of Texas at El Paso; Elsa Q. Villa, University of Texas, El Paso; Peter Golding, University of Texas, El Paso; Joseph A Ramos, The University of Texas at El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

andapplication of leadership. Leadership I includes topics such as leadership theories, styles,practices, and challenges as well as practice-based case studies. Leadership II continues withvisionary leadership and leadership development while focusing on empowerment, integrity, andintegration. This course includes practice-based case studies involving leadership andengineering design, and it prepares students for their first professional summer engagement.Leadership III builds on the foundation of Leadership I & II. It includes case studies in integrityand character, and it includes topics on opportunities, limitations, constraints and consequences(ethics), and principles of assessment and evaluation.Professional Practice I & II are summer

Conference Session

Training and Support for NEEs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chirag Variawa, University of Toronto; Sherif N Kinawy, University of Toronto; D. Grant Allen, University of Toronto; Chris Damaren, University of Toronto; Susan McCahan, University of Toronto; Bryan Karney

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

education and ethics. He wasAssociate Editor for the ASCE’s Journal of Hydraulic Engineering from 1993 to 2005. He has writtenor co-written numerous journal papers and articles, including the book titled ”Comprehensive Water Dis-tribution Systems Analysis Handbooks for Engineers and Planners, published by MWH Soft. Bryan haswon a number of teaching awards and recognitions including being a finalist in the TVO’s best lecturercompetition and received the American Water Works Association’s (AWWA) award for the Best Engi-neering and Construction Publication Article for 2008. Dr. Karney was awarded the Northrop Frye awardfor excellence in teaching and research in 2009

Conference Session

Mentoring Minority Students

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carlotta A Berry, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Deborah Walter, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

tracked. This program has proven to be successful in the ECE department forimproving female and minority enrollment and it would serve as a great model for the institute tomeet its diversity goals. Therefore, the primary purpose of this action plan is to grow the highlysuccessful ROSE-BUD program into an institution-wide ROSE-BUD MAPS program. As part of the professional development program, students will be taught professionalskills, including communication, teamwork, understanding ethics and professionalism. Theseactivities will provide an additional benefit for female and URM students because they can beginto develop social networks as soon as they arrive on campus. Some of the key activities willinvolve one of the three annual career

Conference Session

Simulation and Programming

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carrie Steinlicht, South Dakota State University; Byron G. Garry, South Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

analysistechniques to introduce the topic of engineering systems.28 Page 23.1129.6Pierrakos, et al. at James Madison University teach a series of six design courses using problem-based learning (PBL) experiences that reiterate the design process and expose students to designtheory and practice, qualitative and quantitative reasoning, sustainability, systems thinking,ethics, and professional skills.29Gandhi, et al. at the Stevens Institute of Technology propose that the use of case studies can bevaluable in engineering education.30 They propose using systems thinking techniques, such asstrategic assumption surface testing, soft systems methodology, critical

Conference Session

Environmental engineering pedagogy and innovation

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela R Bielefeldt, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

such as economics, environmental, social, regulatory, health & safety, constructability, and sustainability  analyze real world situations to determine design needs, design requirements, and compare treatment strategies for site remediation  know where to find information on chemical toxicity and site remediation methods  understand the larger framework of site remediation, including ethical considerations, public involvement, cost/benefit analyses  work effectively in teams and communicate technical information via both written and oral formatsOver the 15-weeks of the semester, the class met twice each week for 75-minutes per class.Class time was used primarily for lectures with a few

Conference Session

Laboratory Experiences in Signal Processing and Controls

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ding Yuan, Colorado State University - Pueblo

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

be able to “design a system, component, or process to meet desired needswithin realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health andsafety, manufacturability, and sustainability.”Various methods2 have been discussed by educators to develop student’s conceptions of designthrough undergraduate engineering curriculums. A project-based approach3-11 has beenconsidered as one of the most effective ways and has been implemented in different courses.More specifically, capstone design courses8-11 were notably preferred among these courses. Thiswas because engineering students were required to synthesize their knowledge learned through awhole undergraduate curriculum, and apply their skills in senior designs

Conference Session

Design Methodology and Evaluation 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

April M. Bryan, University of the West Indies

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

theoretical courses. Therefore, there iscurrently no agreement on the appropriate number or frequency of engineering designcourses for a curriculum and there is a wide variety of engineering design curriculum acrossinstitutions10.The same is also true for the methods used and content of engineering design courses1,10.Some institutions teach the design process using a traditional lecture format. Others prefer touse case studies to teach some aspects of the design process such as ethics, legalconsiderations, and safety. Still others adopt experiential teaching methods such as problem-based learning or service learning activities to teach engineering design courses3-4. In theinstitutions that still have only one capstone experience, the engineering

Conference Session

Accreditation, Program Evaluation, and Education Resource's Impact in Latin America

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Geoff Wright, Brigham Young University; Ron Terry, Brigham Young University; Steven L Shumway, Bringham Young University; Richard G. Helps, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

International

Paper ID #6175The Teaching and Evaluation of Technology and Engineering Concepts to Do-minican Junior High and High School StudentsDr. Geoff Wright, Brigham Young University Dr. Geoffrey A. Wright is an assistant Professor of Technology and Engineering Education in the College of Engineering at Brigham Young University.Prof. Ron Terry, Brigham Young University Ron is a Professor of Technology and Engineering Education at Brigham Young University. His scholar- ship centers on pedagogy, student learning, and engineering ethics and has presented/published numerous articles in engineering education.Dr. Steven L Shumway

Conference Session

Assessment of Student Learning 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Herold, University of California, Riverside; Thomas Stahovich, University of California, Riverside; Kevin Rawson, University of California, Riverside

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

problems. The average coefficient of determination is 0.161. (The first problem of the final exam concernedprofessional ethics question and thus was excluded from the analysis.)DiscussionIt is important to note that our effort features capture only a portion of the effort expended bystudents on studying. Other elements of studying, such as the amount of time spent reading thetextbook or working on scratch paper, are not captured by the digital pens we use. However, webelieve that the amount of time spent problem solving on homework provides a useful measureof a student’s effort in a course.The results of the linear regression analysis of the overall-effort features indicate that students’effort does account for a considerable portion of the

Conference Session

Experience in Assessing Technological Literacy

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian P Kirkmeyer, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

. General access to content is very easy to discuss in the larger context, since most of whatthe students know is that context.A major benefit to discussing software is introducing the ethics and legalities of the current formof file sharing.23 This began in 2000 when Metallica sued Napster and its users for the early andunauthorized release of a new song.1,4 Many of the students in the course were less than 10 yearsold when this occurred, and thus they have no recollection of the event or its significance. Formany students, getting the music for free in one form or another is all they have ever known, andso introducing these topics to them is eye-opening since they have not faced such an ethicaldilemma. It is among the most fascinating discussions

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Anders Wahlquist, US Air Force Academy; Daniel D. Jensen, U.S. Air Force Academy; Kristin L. Wood P.E., Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD); Kyle Fitle, U.S. Air Force Academy; David Carte, U.S. Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

multiple realistic constraints.” [1] Three of the important outcomes ofthis capstone experience involve learning about professional ethics, teamwork skills, and designmethodologies. These courses also provide an invaluable opportunity for students to movebeyond passive absorption of the material and apply these skills to an open ended design project.This paper focuses on efforts to improve the understanding and application of designmethodologies. However, it should be noted that by better understanding and applying thisaspect of the capstone experience students frequently experience beneficial effects in other keyelements of the learning experience.Capstone engineering experiences across the country are typically either one or two semesters

Conference Session

Secondary (6-12) Outreach

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Crystal Jean DeJaegher, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

. Page 23.1375.3 WISEngineering is unique in that it supports Figure  1.  Silhouette  Cameo  die-­‐cutterstudents through every step of an engineering design process. This support encourages studentsto develop engineering habits of mind as they progress through an authentic design challenge.Engineering habits of mind involve systems thinking, creativity, collaboration, optimism,communication, and taking into account ethical considerations9. Informed engineering designassists in the facilitation of a design process that is more than building for the sake ofconstruction1; the engineering design process is intended to teach students how to organize theirthinking and make informed decisions to

Conference Session

For Students to Know and Grow

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Heather R. Beem, Ashesi University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education, Equity

approaches/shifting to practical 5 approaches 8% Teamwork 8% 6 Being creative/innovative enough 7% Stress/working under pressure 6% 7 Fear of failure 7% Acting ethically 4% TABLE 6. Top challenges students expect to face in engineering 3- “Describe your personal experience working on the drone project.”Finally, the most frequent coded responses to the open-ended prompt for students to describetheir personal experience working throughout the project are shown in Table 7. These aregrouped into three categories: self-perception, emotion, and lessons. Nearly a third (28%) of thestudents

Conference Session

Technical Sessions 5

Collection

2024 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Bryan James Higgs, University of the District of Columbia; Ujwalkumar Dashrath Patil, Department of Civil Engineering at the University of the District of Columbia.

Tagged Topics

Professional Papers

ableto: (1) link climate and sustainability to design, (2) develop multi-disciplinary solutions, (3)understand ethics and justice implications, and (4) collaborate with diverse communities.Milovanovic et al. [2] present compelling evidence that undergraduate engineering students inthe United States have misconceptions about climate change science and college coursesinvolving sustainable development did not correct the misconceptions. Even more troubling isthat Shealy et al. [3] found that half of high school students, that were interested in civilengineering, did not believe in human-caused climate change. This highlights the need for moreexposure to climate change throughout the engineering curriculum to not only clarify anymisconceptions, but