Asee peer logo
Well-matched quotation marks can be used to demarcate phrases, and the + and - operators can be used to require or exclude words respectively
Displaying results 16171 - 16200 of 22118 in total
Conference Session
Engineering Identity 1
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Lorraine N. Fleming, Howard University; Kalynda Chivon Smith, Howard University; Dawn G. Williams, Howard University; Leonard B. Bliss, Florida International University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
minority students as well8, 16.Factors such as cultural identification, commitment and Tinto’s8 model of social integration intothe institution of higher education suggest that Black students may be more likely to attend andgraduate from HBCUs. Controlling for pre-collegiate characteristics and the academicselectivity of the institutions, researchers have suggested that attending an HBCU is positivelyassociated with Black students remaining in college and earning a bachelor’s degree 6, 18.Additionally, Allen19 noted that the “fit” between Black students and higher education is morefavorable at HBCUs. Also, Wenglinsky17 found that Black students at Black institutions aremore likely to become professionals6.Just as Black students are more likely to
Collection
2015 ASEE Workshop on K-12 Engineering Education
Authors
Beau Vezino, University of Arizona; Scott A Weiler, Amphi MIddle School
communicate and evaluate evidence in both small groups and as a whole class to work through challenges and improve their design.Diversity. This year is the American Society for Engineering Education’s “Year of Action onDiversity.” It is essential that we have a diverse engineering workforce to solve diverseproblems. To do that and to have an engineering-literate public, it is essential that we reach everypreK-12 student with high-quality engineering education, drawing on issues of access and equityin the classroom and in the curriculum. Reviewers would like to know how your proposedworkshop will address diversity.Provide a description of how you will explicitly address diversity – e.g., diversity with respect togender/sex, ethnicity or
Conference Session
Teaching about New Materials
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Mel Mendelson
nanotechnology. Possibly this is because nanotechnology is multi-disciplinary, and the institutions cannot integrate the science and engineering disciplines in orderto properly teach it. In addition, there is no infrastructure for teaching nanotechnology; and thereare no university models and no textbooks to follow.Previous investigators have proposed an integration of the basic sciences in teachingnanotechnology courses [3]. However, they could not implement their plan [4] and did notinclude the engineering disciplines. In 2003, Loyola Marymount University (LMU) obtained aNational Science Foundation (NSF) grant to develop a new sophomore-level course thatintegrated the science and engineering disciplines along with ethics [5]. The purpose of thecourse
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Leen-Kiat Soh, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Gwen Nugent, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Wendy Smith, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Guy Trainin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; John T. Sutton, ResultED LLC; Kent Steen, Lincoln Public Schools
Tagged Topics
Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session
. Teachers were alsodivided into grade-level groups and were tasked with presenting a lesson they would deliver totheir respective grade-level. The final assignment was an individual implementation plan thatrequired the teachers to explain how they would be integrating CS into their curriculum in thefollowing academic year.2.1.3. Saturday WorkshopsThe project included five half-day workshops held on Saturdays across the academic year. Thepurpose of these workshops was to support participants in enacting the CS they learned in the Figure 2. Summer PD program second-week CS pedagogy course schedule.summer, as well as to return to major CS topics (e.g., conditionals, flowcharts, variables, event-driven programming, etc.). An explicit focus of
Conference Session
Civil Engineering Division Poster Session
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James L. Hanson PE, California Polytechnic State University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
(i.e., graduate and seniortechnical elective) geotechnical engineering courses at California Polytechnic State University.The peer review process was established as an integral part of a term project that included awritten report and oral presentation to the class. A staged sequence of deadlines and milestoneswas administered to assure that students maintained progress with their projects. The format ofthe term papers was highly prescribed and based on a template for technical conferencemanuscripts. Content from the student projects was included in the final examination supportinga students teaching students integrated learning environment. Peer review was determined to bebeneficial to the students in terms of both technical content and
Collection
2021 First-Year Engineering Experience
Authors
Anoop Singh Grewal, Arizona State University
short video is presented thatshows the ideal set of choices to maximize the score, and how the 3C’s (and the KEENframework) is related to various choices in the game. Students are encouraged to apply EM inthe upcoming project, outside the class, and their future careers as engineers.The TY4YS activity is part of an EM module, which includes an instructional video,discussions/reflections, and the assessment quiz. All of these resources can be accessed viahttps://engineeringunleashed.com/card/2427. The EM module is suited for both online or on-sitecourses, with or without flipped-classroom structure. It is easily integrated into existing courses.Research Approach and ResultsTo measure the effectiveness of this gamified intervention, the students
Conference Session
Mechanics Concepts II
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sinead C. Mac Namara, Syracuse University
Tagged Divisions
Mechanics
engineer.Engineering education researchers and practitioners have acknowledged the problem ofdesign education in engineering programs. In the 1990s first-year design courses werewidely introduced in engineering programs in an attempt to introduce students to thenature of their chosen profession earlier in their college careers.5,6 Capstone designcourses at the end of engineering programs likewise represent an opportunity for studentsto take on both design work and a holistic real world project. However, design is notgenerally included as part of the curriculum in core courses in the second and third yearsof study. There is a critique that this bookending approach (with cornerstone courses inthe first year and capstone in the final year) can create a “valley
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
James D. Sweeney, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; Michelle Kay Bothwell, Oregon State University; Devlin Montfort, Oregon State University; Susan Bobbitt Nolen, University of Washington; Susannah C. Davis, Oregon State University; Christine Kelly, Oregon State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session
CoNECD, Crystal City, VA, 2018.[11] N. Mallette, C. Kelly and M. Bothwell. “Work-in-Progress: Developing an Integrated Curriculum-Wide Teamwork Instructional Strategy.” Paper accepted for the ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Salt Lake City, UT, 2018.[12] W.R. Penuel, B.J. Fishman, B.H. Cheng and N. Sabelli. “Organizing research and development at the intersection of learning, implementation, and design.” Educational Researcher, vol. 40(7), pp. 331-337, 2011.[13] N. Sabelli and C. Dede. “Empowering design-based implementation research: the need for infrastructure”. In B. Fishman & W. R. Penuel (Eds.), Design-Based Implementation Research: Theories, Methods, and Exemplars (Vol. 112, pp. 464-480
Conference Session
ETD Projects
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Gangjian Guo, Bradley University; Joseph C Chen P.E., Bradley University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
Professor and Chairman Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering & Technology Bradley University, IL, 61625, USA AbstractBradley University plays an important role in educating ABET accredited manufacturingengineers to major industries, such as Caterpillar or John Deere nearby. In recent years, ourconstituencies have voiced that plastics product design and injection molding process beconsidered key competences in our manufacturing curriculum. It’s always crucial and beneficialfor plastics engineers to understand the whole picture of plastics product development, from theproduct conceptual design to the product validation. Therefore, the
Conference Session
Remote and Network-based Laboratories
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alexander A. Kist, University of Southern Queensland; Andrew Douglas Maxwell, University of Southern Queensland; Peter D. Gibbings
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
apply to any RAL learning activity. Theyare used for the evaluation of the RAL activities in other disciplines in the body of the study.Slangen and Sloep12 suggest that it is important to provide an “environment in which the pupilcan construct knowledge and can reflect upon his interactions and thinking” and highlights that“learning implies the initiation of a thinking process” (p. 228). The integrated thinking model ofJonassen13 cited by Slangen & Sloep12 highlights three general thinking tasks, i.e. basic, criticaland creative thinking that are part of a complex thinking process. Slangen & Sloep12 suggest thatthe effective use of mind tools promotes fluency in different ways of thinking described in themodel.For a laboratory learning
Conference Session
Engineering Ethics Division - WIP Poster Session
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Soheil Fatehiboroujeni, Indiana-Purdue University; Atsushi Akera, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Donna M. Riley, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Alan Cheville, Bucknell University; Jennifer Karlin, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Sarah Appelhans, University at Albany; Thomas De Pree, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Ethics
engineeringethics” was observed (a) in situations where interview subjects articulate initiatives entailing engi-neering ethics intervention and their respective involvement in the process, or (b) in general whensubjects remark on engineering and its ethical and societal implications. This umbrella code rep-resenting various justifications or rationales of engineering ethics then probed further to identifynuances of “why engineering ethics” in each case. The low level codes, finally were integrated intoarguments used to rationalize promotion of engineering ethics education.3.1 Compliance Argument: Meeting RequirementsABET Engineering Criteria (EC) 2000, as well as the recent revisions modifying or clarifyingrequirements, explicitly mention ”an ability
Conference Session
College Industry Partnerships Division (CIP) Poster Session
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jennifer Linvill, Purdue University; Imani N. Adams, Purdue University; Emily M. Haluschak, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Breejha Sene Quezada, Purdue Engineering Education; Tamara J. Moore, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)
Tagged Divisions
College Industry Partnerships Division (CIP)
Progress Paper to further illustrate theimportance of communication as a professional skill.Shuman and colleagues [3] looked at professional skills as outlined in ABET Criterion 3 in 2005,and separated them into two different types, process and awareness skills. Process skills weredefined as skills that could be taught via a process and easily assessed [3]. Awareness skills areskills that students should be aware of and considered when solving a problem. The requirementsfor communication, 'an ability to communicate effectively,' [3, pp. 41] was classified as a processskill because communication can be taught systematically and integrated within an engineeringeducation curriculum. Since 2005, ABET Criterion 3 requirements have changed from
Conference Session
Practices for Student Learning Engagement
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Aditya Akundi, University of Texas, El Paso; Amit J Lopes, University of Texas, El Paso
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
intriguing was the fact that even students that were awarded competitive academic scholarships (top grades and very high SAT scores) left their respective engineering programs after their first year, expressing anxiety with core engineering course (calculus) affecting their ability to maintain their required GPA and thus result in loss of their scholarship [4]. Consequently, there is a need to develop a first-year engineering curriculum that takes into consideration the diverse academic, social, cultural, and economic backgrounds of an incoming class of students. Although academically well prepared, today’s student lack the discipline to be individually responsible for the largely self-directed study required in college [5
Conference Session
NSF Grantees’ Poster Session
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nasser Alaraje, Michigan Technological University; Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University; Craig J. Kief, COSMIAC at UNM; John Reutter III, Drake State Community and Technical College; Bassam H Matar, Chandler Gilbert Community College
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
. Page 26.549.7During Project Year 2, the project team presented three ARM Microcontroller Workshops.These workshops were held at J.F. Drake State Technical College in Huntsville, AL, Chandler-Gilbert Community College in Chandler, AZ, and Columbia Gorge Community College in HoodRiver, OR. Thirty-two educators attended these workshops. Approximately half of them werecurrently teaching microcontroller technology, albeit not an ARM processor. Over half of thefaculty indicated that they plan to integrate workshop material and/or lab experiments in thecourses that they teach.Assessment is a vital part of any curriculum reform project and helps provide useful informationfor workshop enhancements and determining if the workshop has met its objectives
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Rick Olson, University of San Diego; Susan M. Lord, University of San Diego; Michelle M. Camacho, University of San Diego; Ming Z. Huang, University of San Diego; Leonard A. Perry, University of San Diego; Breanne Przestrzelski, University of San Diego; Chell A. Roberts, University of San Diego
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
engineering practice will produce graduates who can address a wider range ofsocietal problems bringing new perspectives to traditional areas. We highlight examples from arange of engineering courses throughout the undergraduate curriculum. Some of these effortsincorporate modules in traditional engineering classes including Electrical Circuits, MaterialsScience, Operations Research, and Heat Transfer. We have redesigned our User-CenteredDesign class to more explicitly engage with these topics. In addition, we have developedinnovative new courses that integrate a sociotechnical view of engineering throughout the courseincluding Engineering and Social Justice and Engineering Peace. We have also replaced ourexternal evaluator team with an external
Collection
2023 ASEE North Central Section Conference
Authors
Aneesha Gogineni, Saginaw Valley State University
sophomores or juniors who lack knowledge in correlating theoretical concepts tothermodynamic applications (like pascals law, engines, heat exchangers, moving boundaries, nozzles, diffusers,air conditioners etc). The course is redesigned to incorporate new low-stake and high-stake assessments. Thecourse instructor made efforts to improve student learning through active learning approach in a face-to-faceclass in three different ways: Using display models, integrated interactive app to increase student interaction inclass and engage students in the subject, additional study videos were provided to help students understandthermodynamic tables. In an online course, efforts were made to improve student’s understanding of the coursematerial in two
Conference Session
Unique Laboratory Experiments & Programs
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Abhijit Nagchaudhuri
Session # 2526 Establishment of Mechatronics Laboratory at UMES Abhijit Nagchaudhuri, Srinivas Sai Shyam, John Wood, Anthony Stockus University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne, MD 21853-1299AbstractModern mechanical engineering curriculum not only emphasizes the fundamentals ofsolid mechanics, fluid mechanics and thermal sciences but also the applications of thesesubjects in design, control and manufacturing.Mechatronics is the synergistic integration of mechanics, instrumentation and control,software engineering and information technology. As such it integrates well with not onlythe
Conference Session
TELPhE Division Technical Session 1: Expanding Technological and Engineering Literacies
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Alan Cheville, Bucknell University; John Heywood, Trinity College Dublin
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering
University. He is currently interested in engineering design education, engineering education policy, and the philosophy of engineering education.Dr. John Heywood, Trinity College Dublin John Heywood is professorial Fellow Emeritus of Trinity College Dublin- The University of Dublin. he is a Fellow of ASEE and Life Fellow of IEEE. he is an Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Engineers Ireland. He has special interest in education for the professions and the role of professions in society, and the work of ASEE’s TELPhE division from whom he has received a best paper and meritorious service awards. He is author of Engineering Education. Research and Development in Curriculum and Instruc- tion which received an outstanding
Conference Session
Making Professionals: Methods to Build Success Skills
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Jakob C. Bruhl, United States Military Academy; James Ledlie Klosky P.E., United States Military Academy
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
students to practice creativity and receive feedback.The first suggestion is motivated by a common practice in the education of artists – writers,musicians, actors, and visual artists, all of whom study past works in depth. The second and thirdsuggestions are supported by research. For example, to counter the observed trend that theperception of the value of creativity in engineering, Zappe and Tise described that “opportunitiesfor students to engage in the creative process need to be more fully integrated within theengineering curriculum.”13 Regarding feedback, Hennessey and Amabile state that “positiveaffect leads to higher levels of creativity”15 and clear, specific feedback plays an important rolein developing self-efficacy.In the
Conference Session
Materials Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kumar Vikram Singh, Miami University; Fazeel Khan, Miami University
Tagged Divisions
Materials
the need to develop computational activities in each ofthe subject areas throughout the curriculum. Although several software platforms are used in thedepartment, Matlab has been selected for computational exercises to be used in the variouslearning studios such that students may achieve a high level of proficiency in computationalactivities throughout the curriculum. With the support of MathWorks, Matlab based learningmodules are being developed to integrate modeling, simulation and experiments towards thecharacterization of polymeric biomaterials. The goal of this initiative is to develop interactivesimulation tools that will enable students at various academic levels to explore the methodologyand formulation employed in the numerical
Conference Session
Beneficial Partnerships: Enhancing Library Programming with Strategic Collaborations
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Daniela Solomon, Case Western Reserve University; Ya-Ting T. Liao, Case Western Reserve University; J. Thomas Chapin, Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
Connecticut and a Ph.D. in Polymer Science in 1977 from the Institute of Materials Science at the University of Connecticut. Tom was the past international chairman of the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) Tech- nical Committee, TC 113 on Nanotechnology Standardization for Electrical and Electronic Components and Subsystems. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019Maximizing the effectiveness of one-time standards instruction sessions with formativeassessmentAbstractThere are multiple obstacles associated with integrating standards education into the collegecurriculum, including the limited experience faculty may have with standards, and the difficultyto fit such training into an
Conference Session
Interdisciplinary Education
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jay Porter, Texas A&M University; Jorge Alvarado, Texas A&M University; Joseph Morgan, Texas A&M University; John Poston, Texas A&M University; Kenneth Peddicord, Texas A&M University; John Crenshaw, STP Nuclear Operating Company
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
)created a consortium of Texas-based schools to address their immediate, short term, and longterm workforce needs. In an effort to respond to these needs, Texas A&M University has createdthe Nuclear Power Institute and through collaboration with several community/junior collegepartners, new programs and curricula are being developed as an early response to the anticipatedworkforce shortage. Two year degrees are being put in place to educate technicians andmaintenance workers. A Nuclear Power Certificate is being developed on Texas A&MUniversity’s main campus to augment the education of the typical engineering undergraduate.Finally, as an integral part of this initiative, the Department of Engineering Technology andIndustrial Distribution
Conference Session
Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 7
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Trung H. Duong, Colorado State University-Pueblo; Nebojsa I. Jaksic, Colorado State University, Pueblo
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
with a better system rather than being forced to programthese robots via an obsolete programming language. Therefore, in this work, we proposed aframework to interface the existing manipulators with a modern programming environment. The reminder of this paper is organized as follows. Literature review is presented in the nextsection followed by the curricular context. After that, we introduces hardware setup and thensoftware development. The next section describes the evaluation of students’ survey followed bythe conclusions section.Literature Review Throughout engineering education curriculum in general as well as in our institution, thehands-on experiments and laboratory projects play an essential role in the success of the
Conference Session
State of Manufacturing Engineering Education
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Karen Wosczyna-Birch, CT College of Technology and the Regional Center for Next Generation Manufacturing; Wesley Francillon; Robert W. Simoneau, Keene State College
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
in providing professional development that includes strategies for the engagement and persistence of under represented populations in STEM disciplines. She has received awards from several organizations including the American Association for University Women (AAUW) for her work in addressing the need to increase females in engineering and technology fields as well as for her work in educating students with the skills required for the 21st century workforce.Wesley Francillon, Dr. Wesley Francillon, is an engineer with a Ph.D. in material science from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He is the Engineering and Technology Curriculum Specialist for the Connecti- cut Community-Technical Colleges’ College
Collection
2001 Annual Conference
Authors
Elliot Douglas, University of Florida
a growing awareness of the need to introduce freshmen, who have declared engineeringas a major, to engineering concepts. In the traditional curriculum, the freshman year is devotedto sciences and humanities, with little, if any, engineering content. In response, a number ofapproaches have been developed, including engineering survey courses,1 freshman designcourses,2-6 and courses that focus on basic skills required of engineering students.7Of particular interest to this paper are efforts to created integrated curricula in the freshmanyear.8 These curricula attempt to integrate basic science (e.g. chemistry, physics, math) withengineering. The approach may involve individual courses, blocks of courses, or an entirefreshman curriculum
Conference Session
Computing & Information Technology Division Technical Session
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alireza Farahani; Mudasser Fraz Wyne, National University; Lu Zhang, National University
Tagged Divisions
Computing & Information Technology
in placefor assessment5. It is easy to collect evidence for assessment in preselected courses so thefaculty will then consider how to evaluate student achievement of skills in these courses.This will help to identify classes in which appropriate assignments are already part of thecurriculum, usually in a class in which the student outcome was a primary emphasis ofthe course. In this way, it is made sure that assessment is not an additional burden to thefaculty. We would also like to agree with authors9 that state that the best source ofcurriculum change seems to be the competent and experienced faculty who reviewcourses and curriculum on their own and propose curriculum and courses changes bothsmall and revolutionary
Collection
1999 Annual Conference
Authors
Teri Reed Rhoads; Susan Haag; Gwen Lee-Thomas
Engineering Design, Calculus with Analytic Geometry, Physics,and First-Year English Composition.RHIT had its beginnings with the first-year integrated curriculum during the 1990-91 academicyear, however, RHIT’s initial participation in the FC occurred during the 1993-94 academic year.At RHIT, the design of the FC curriculum is based on the tradition that the typical RHIT studenttakes 16-18 credit hours per quarter. Therefore, the FC course load consists of 12 credit hoursper quarter encompassing nine one-hour sessions and three three-hour laboratory periods. Inaddition, FC students take an elective each quarter in humanities, social science, physicalscience, or life science. Also, RHIT FC included students in engineering and the sciences.Based on the
Collection
2024 ASEE North East Section
Authors
Susan Freudzon, Fairfield University
financial pressure to produce a product andsecure funding, many ethical dilemmas can arise at both small and large companies. It isimportant to familiarize students with ethical scenarios to raise awareness and prepare them forreal-world challenges. This paper explores a particular case study focusing on startup culture,serving as an example for ethics education. Through this examination of ethical mishaps at aparticular biomedical company, insight into the complexities of the situation can spark in-depthconversation and help develop strategies for handling ethical challenges.Introduction:Recently our School of Engineering has developed a module-based ethics curriculum. Beginningwith the first year Fundamentals of Engineering course, students are
Collection
1999 Annual Conference
Authors
Suzanne Mildren; Karen Whelan
societal context and to teachengineering concepts in a way that highlights the connections and relationships between areasof study rather than as delineated, isolated topics. In a ‘big picture’ sense the course aims toproduce engineers who are ready and able to work across traditional engineering disciplinesand factor in relevant ethical, political, cultural, environmental and economic issues. Theoverall structure of the course uses applied engineering design and systems as the means forachieving this integrated approach [4].The principal characteristics of the new Bachelor of Engineering course at UB are [4]:Use of applied engineering design as an integrating theme
Conference Session
Projects to promote eng.; teamwork,K-12
Collection
2002 Annual Conference
Authors
Siobhan Gibbons; Ronald Rockland; Joel Bloom; Howard Kimmel
forteachers have included training and curriculum development that integrates reform efforts 6, 8-9and state content standards. 5, 7,10-11 All programs include evaluation components which attestto their successes. However, very few of the programs report on impacts beyond theoperation of the workshop/training program. Several of the projects follow up the programswith assessment of the impact in the classrooms. 5, 6,9-10 There are also few studies that reporton the impact of the programs on pre-college student attitudes toward and knowledge aboutengineering. Robinson, et.al., 12 have reported that more knowledge of engineering wasassociated with more favorable attitudes towards engineering in in-service and pre-serviceteachers (average age of 35). In