Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Peter Rosati; Judit E. Puskas

current job description andjob satisfaction. There were 45 responses from graduates with a preference for FP and 35responses from graduates with a preference for TJ. This paper presents the results from thisalumni survey and compares the responses and comments from the engineers with the minorityFP ( feeling, perceptive) preference with those from the engineers with the majority TJ(thinking, judging) preference.IntroductionNational engineering groups both in Canada1 and in the United States2 remind us thatengineering is changing faster than ever before. Accelerating programs in R&D together with theinformation technology explosion are leading to a “fusion of technologies” and the “ merging ofonce disparate fields”. This is leading to an

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Noemi V Mendoza Diaz, Texas A&M University; Deborah Anne Trytten, The University of Oklahoma; Russell D. Meier, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Harry A. Hogan, Texas A&M University; So Yoon Yoon, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #44223Board 229: Computational Thinking in the Formation of Engineers: Year 4Dr. Noemi V Mendoza Diaz, Texas A&M University Dr. Mendoza is a faculty member of Technology Management in the College of Education-Engineering at Texas A&M University. She has worked as electrical engineering professor in Mexico. She recently obtained funds from NSF to investigate enculturation to engineering and computational thinking in engineering students. She is the co-advisor of the Society for Hispanic Professional Engineers at TAMU and is interested in computing engineering education and Latinx engineering

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 29

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Paul Harvie, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University ; Kimberly A. Luthi, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University ; Monica Surrency, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University ; John K. Wilson, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

Computing Machinery (ACM).Ms. Kimberly A. Luthi, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Dr. Kimberly Luthi is an assistant professor at Embry-Riddle Aeronautic University-Worldwide in the College of Aeronautics, Department of Graduate Studies. Her research background is in workforce development education and STEMP (Science, Technology, EnginMonica Surrency, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical UniversityJohn K. Wilson, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Effectiveness of Peer Led Team Learning in Online CoursesAbstractPeer-led team learning (PLTL) is a peer support intervention where a peer leader facilitates activelearning sessions with a small group of

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division (FDD) Technical Session 11

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Megan Patberg Morin, North Carolina State University; Joel J. Ducoste, North Carolina State University; Evelyn C. Brown, North Carolina State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division (FDD)

the Wake County Public School System in North Carolina. Her central focus revolves around enhancing the overall educational experience for students and offering comprehensive support to faculty members in areas such as research, teaching, mentorship, and career development. Megan is a holder of both a Ph.D. and a Master’s degree in Engineering and Technology Education from North Carolina State University. Additionally, she earned a bachelor’s degree in Math and Science Middle Childhood Education from the University of Dayton. Her overarching mission is to create inclusive pathways for students from diverse backgrounds, enabling them to embark on successful careers in engineering.Dr. Joel J. Ducoste, North Carolina

Conference Session

Design Communications & Cognition II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea Goncher P.E., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Aditya Johri, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

DC/F Degree of the functioning or working final designProject ConstraintsFunctional PC/F Functional or working model of presented designEconomic PC/E Project budget constraints; $20.00 limitAesthetic PC/A Overall appearance of the designSustainability PC/S Sustainable design; use of a renewable energy sourceCourse ConstraintsPrior Knowledge/ CC/PK Lack or deficiency of prior knowledge and experienceExperience regarding engineering designTiming CC/T Design artifact due dates and project deadlinesTechnological CC/T Technological concerns

Conference Session

Persistence and Retention I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ida B. Ngambeki, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Demetra Evangelou, Purdue University, West Lafayette; William G. Graziano, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Diana Bairaktarova, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Sara E. Branch, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Anna Woodcock, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

at Urbana-Champaign and international expertise in early childhood policy and research methods. Her current research focuses on developmental engineering, early education antecedents of engineering thinking, developmental factors in engineering pedagogy, technological literacy and human-artifact inter- actions. She is a member of Sigma Xi Science Honor Society and in 2009 he was awarded the prestigious NSF CAREER Award.Prof. William G Graziano, Purdue University, West Lafayette PhD.(1976) University of Minnesota B.A., Franklin & Marshall CollegeDiana Bairaktarova, Purdue University, West Lafayette Diana Bairaktorova is a PhD student in the School of Engineering Education at Purdue University. She hold BS and

Collection

1999 Annual Conference

Authors

Francis Ting

,” John Wiley &Sons, 877 pp.2. Shapiro, A. H. (1972). “Illustrated Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,” The MIT Press, Cambridge,Massachusetts, 251 pp.3. Ting, F. C. K. and Teng, A. P. (1998). “Turbulence Measurements at a Circular Pier,” Proceedings of the 12thEngineering Mechanics Conference, ASCE, San Diego, California, (on CD-ROM).FRANCIS TINGFrancis Ting is an Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at South Dakota State University.Dr. Ting received his B.S. degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Manchester Institute of Science andTechnology in the United Kingdom in 1982, and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the Department of Civil Engineering atCalifornia Institute of Technology in 1983 and 1989, respectively. His

Conference Session

Engineering in the Middle Grades

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Morgan Hynes, Tufts University; David Crismond, The City College of New York; Ethan Danahy, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

for the lesson’s design challenge. Movies, pictures, and a relevant story help create a context for the students where they will act as engineers and solve real problems with sophisticated technologies. Page 15.1336.5B. One of the RoboBook’s main navigationalpages uses an interactive “Engineering DesignProcess” map, which students can click on to getsupport doing different design processes. Forinstance, selecting the Research link will providethem with tutorial pages on the needs of users

Conference Session

Modeling Student Data

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Ricco, Purdue University; Ida Ngambeki, Purdue University; Russell Long, Purdue University; Matthew Ohland, Purdue University; Demetra Evangelou, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

engineering4 and a significant number ofthose who remain in engineering move from one engineering discipline to another. A closerexamination reveals that the pathways chosen by engineering students differ greatly. Xie andShauman8 have published the most comprehensive research on Science, Technology,Engineering, and Math (STEM) student pathways to date. They studied STEM pathways (andparticularly gender differences in those pathways) from early qualification and expression ofinterest in college study through pursuit of college study, persistence to graduation, pursuit of acareer, and career persistence. An early MIDFIELD model (figure 1) hypothesized some criticaltransitions in the engineering pathway, but this model was too simplistic to represent

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Susan Ledlow

Session 2793 Active/Cooperative Learning: A Discipline-Specific Resource for Engineering Education Susan Ledlow, Janel White-Taylor, and D. L. Evans Arizona State University Center for Learning and Teaching Excellence/Center for Research on Education in Science, Math, Engineering and TechnologyIntroductionWhile general information on the use of active/cooperative learning (A/CL) in higher educationis increasing, discipline-specific resources, especially materials for science, technology

Conference Session

Retention: Keeping the Women Students

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Audeen Fentiman; Lisa Abrams

, campus visits, and printed materials. In addition, however, we conduct programsthat focus on recruiting women from high schools known to provide them with the skillsnecessary to study engineering and on integrating those programs with others designed toretain women who have chosen to study engineering. This paper documents the suite ofrecruitment and retention programs at Ohio State; several of which were supported, in part, bythe Gateway Engineering Education Coalition.IntroductionOur society is becoming increasingly reliant on technology, and as a result, there is an increasingdemand for people with training in technical fields, particularly engineering. Young womenform a substantial and largely untapped pool of potential engineers that could

Conference Session

Assessment in Large and Small Programs

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Ronald Terry; W. Vincent Wilding

importance of engineers being able to functionon teams. Table 1 contains an outline of the material discussed during this portion of the newcourse.Table 1. Topics in Ethics and Professionalism Value based system Dilemma resolution procedure Study the dilemma Consider various resolutions and their consequences Select and sanction the resolution Implement and evaluate the resolution Leadership principles – making the public life consistent with the private life Teaming issues Understanding yourself – Myers-Briggs Type Index (MBTI) Understanding others – Use of the MBTI in team settings Technology and societyEnvironmentThere were difficult decisions to be made concerning the environmental topics to be

Collection

2024 ASEE-GSW

Authors

Raj Desai, Midwestern State University

engineering and technology programs. He has research experience with programming, developing online programs in technology, and has several refereed papers on online education, recycling and innovation. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 1 Session XXXX Projects for Waste Reduction in an Intro to Engineering Course AbstractThe main objective of this project in our introduction to engineering course was to find ways ofreducing waste, reusing material, and recycling. Service learning is a form of experiential

Collection

2024 South East Section Meeting

Authors

Tien Yee; Sunanda Dissanayake, Kennesaw State University

their learning. Hendrix’s study presented data collected over several yearson student’s performance, course evaluations, and surveys of students' interests. This study isimportant, as it shows that the student’s interest can vary based on different factors such as theenthusiasm of the instructor, the use of technologies, in-class demonstrations, etc.The focus of our work in the current study is related to but differs slightly from the literaturementioned. Our work focuses on using the scaffolding method so that engineering concepts can be 2delivered to a non-engineering audience that does not get discouraged from learning. InstructionalScaffolding is not a new technique used in teaching but is an

Collection

2024 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Sivaganeshwar Subramaniam; Siddharth Alagiri; Pedro C. P. Cupertino; Daniel I. Chikwendu; Adam C. Lynch

, Oracle,ENOVA, etc. These technology integration processes are shown in figure 8. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Figure 8: Technology integration process flow.2.2 Digital Transformation Model2.2.1 Framework This framework demonstrates the blocks and content that are included in the frameworkfor the synthesized digital transformation model [3][4]. Each component of the digitaltransformation model has its own distinct subsystem architecture and related behavioral models.2.2.2 System Architecture The system architecture for the digital transformation model contains various aspectswhere the business could flourish after being digitized. This includes various

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI) Technical Session 7

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abdullah Ibrahim, Texas A&M University at Qatar; Roudha Saif Al-Khaldi, Texas A&M University, Qatar; Doaa Elamin Emam; Yasser M. Al Hamidi, Texas A&M University, Qatar; Marwan Khraisheh, Texas A&M University, Qatar

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)

artist’s vision would be pointless without the presence of structural engineeringsolutions that could bring these visions into existence. Famous artists in the pastincluding but not limited to, Leonardo da Vinci and Picasso were not only consideredtalented artists and known for their creativity, but also for the machineries theyengineered along with their artwork. In fact, it can be said that art and engineering gohand in hand, and much of the technological and artistic wonders that we see in frontof us in the 21st century are the pin ultimate combination of these two fields. Theproblem however arises primarily in today’s education system; In general, engineersacquire little to no arts instruction. Universities' engineering departments hardly

Collection

2024 Rocky Mountain Section Conference

Authors

Bobby Hodgkinson

goal is to harness AI technologies to improve educationalmethodologies, particularly in group work assessment practices. That paper details themethodology, preliminary findings, and potential future applications of these AI tools.Sentiment Analysis for Peer EvaluationsThe study explores the use of sentiment analysis in interpreting peer feedback in a sophomoreexperiential learning course in aerospace engineering. This analysis is primarily applied tocomment-based reviews provided by students, rating their peers on a scale of 1-10. The sentimentanalysis employs the roBERTa language model [2], trained on a large corpus of data, toquantitatively assess the sentiment of reviews. This approach aims to mitigate the subjectivity andpotential biases

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division WIPS 2: Students and Peer Mentors

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Atheer Almasri, West Virginia University; Todd R. Hamrick, West Virginia University; Carter Hulcher, West Virginia University; Akua B. Oppong-Anane, West Virginia University; Xinyu Zhang, Purdue University ; Lizzie Santiago, West Virginia University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

Freshman Engineering at Montana Technological University. She holds a bachelor’s degree in Chemical Engineering, a master’s degree in Chemistry and a Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering Sciences. Her research areas are in groundwater contamination, hazardous waste management as well as advising and retention of first year engineering students.Dr. Xinyu Zhang, Purdue University Dr. Xinyu Zhang is an Assistant Professor of Practice in Environmental and Ecological Engineering (EEE) at Purdue University’s College of Engineering. She received her Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, is a North Carolina-licensed Professional Engineer, and currently leads an NSF project on

Collection

2024 CIEC

Authors

Serdar Celik

M. Cho, “Strategy of Selecting Topics for Debate Teaching in Engineering Education,”in International Conference on Engineering Education ICEE-2010, 2010.BiographySERDAR CELIK is a professor in the Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering atSouthern Illinois University Edwardsville. He has several years of experience in air-conditioning andrefrigeration industries before his academic career. His research fields include renewable energy, buildingenergy efficiency, green roofs, HVAC, and alternative cooling technologies. He is the author of the bookSustainable Energy: Engineering Fundamentals and Applications published by Cambridge UniversityPress. In 2018, Prof. Celik was selected as the Paul Simon Outstanding Teacher-Scholar at

Collection

2008 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Wolf-Dieter Otte; Anthony Crain

for a number of years. In these classes, students were “learning bydoing” in a semi-professional environment.Software engineering is concerned with creating and maintaining software applications byapplying technologies and practices from computer science, project management, engineering,application domains, and other fields. In other words, Software Engineering encompasses “hardskills” that pertain to Computer Science, application domain(s) and process knowledge as well as“soft skills”, like thinking conceptually, attending to detail, working in a team, leading a team,etc. Unlike hard skills, soft skills are discipline-neutral.This paper reflects on experiences the author made with optimizing the composition of projectteams. Optimization of

Collection

2015 ASEE Zone 3 Conference

Authors

Sreelatha A. Subramanyam; David Beams; James K. Nelson

machinery, using Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Active Server pages (ASP) andBorland C++ Builder. Ben et al4 detail other virtual laboratory applications such as a web-based virtual oscilloscopelaboratory experiment. Basher et al3 outline a virtual laboratory for an introductory course on circuitanalysis in an Electrical Engineering Technology program. They discuss the integration of LabVIEWwith a PC laboratory, in which users are able to enter the parameters to be processed by means of aLabVIEW program, and data are taken with myDAQ (National Instruments, Austin TX).Development of VELVET mathematical model Figure 1 depicts of virtual breadboard and connection of resistors. This example virtualbreadboard has eight connection

Conference Session

Government Policy, Manufacturing Education, and Certification

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marilyn Barger, Hillsborough Community College; Richard A. Gilbert, University of South Florida; Danielly Orozco, Florida Advanced Technological Education Center (FLATE); Karen Wosczyna-Birch, CT College of Technology; Peggie Weeks, Lamoka Educational Consulting

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

focused on advanced technologies. She earned a B.A. in chemistry at Agnes Scott College and both a B.S. in engineering science and a Ph.D. in civil engineering (environmental) from the University of South Florida, where her research focused on membrane separation science and technologies for water purification. She has more than 20 years of ex- perience in developing curricula for engineering and engineering technology for elementary, middle, high school, and post secondary institutions, including colleges of engineering. Barger serves on several na- tional panels and advisory boards for technical programs, curriculum, and workforce initiatives, including the National Association of Manufacturers Educators Council. She

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elan Hope, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Matthew Bahnson, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Adam Kirn, University of Nevada, Reno; Derrick Satterfield, University of Nevada, Reno; Anitra Alexander; Alexis Briggs; Laila Allam, North Carolina State University at Raleigh

. H. Wasburn, “Who’s persisting in engineering? A comparative analysis of female and male Asian, Black, Hispanic, Native American, and White students,” Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, vol. 15, pp. 167–190, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1615/JWomenMinorScienEng.v15.i2.40[10] E. O. McGee, “Devalued Black and Latino racial identities: A by-product of STEM college culture?” American Educational Research Journal, vol. 53, pp. 1626–1662, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831216676572[11] S. F. Bancroft, S. F. “Toward a critical theory of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics doctoral persistence: Critical capital theory, Science Education, vol. 102, pp. 1319–1335

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 6 Design Pedagogy

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Johanna Acosta, Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Miguel Andrés Guerra, Universidad San Francisco de Quito

and Information Technologies, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 2889–2900, 2018.[23] E. A. M. van Puffelen, “Designing blended engineering courses,” 2017.[24] A. Kumar et al., “Blended Learning Tools and Practices: A Comprehensive Analysis,” Ieee Access, pp. 85151–85197, 2021.[25] C. N. Allan, C. Campbell, and J. Crough, “Blended learning designs in STEM higher education,” Blended Learn. Des. STEM High. Educ, 2019.[26] B. Jamalpur, K. R. Chythanya, and K. S. Kumar, “A comprehensive overview of online education–Impact on engineering students during COVID-19,” Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021.[27] K. Siripongdee, P. Pimdee, and S. Tuntiwongwanich, “A blended learning model with IoT- based technology: effectively used when the COVID

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge Rodriguez-Devora, University of Georgia; Tyler Harvey, Clemson University; Maegan Hinson, Clemson University; Kristin Frady, Clemson University; Bradley Putman, Clemson University; William Ferriell, Clemson University

through targeted K- 12 STEM outreach experiences.William Davis Ferriell W. Davis Ferriell is a doctoral student in Biomechanical Engineering at Clemson University. Davis graduated from Rose- Hulman Institute of Technology with a B.S. in Biomedical Engineering. His discipline-specific research focuses on computational design methods. His engineering education-based research focuses on methods for increasing participation in engineering and the assessment of instructional approaches.Kristin Frady Kristin Frady is an Assistant Professor at Clemson University jointly appointed between the Educational and Organizational Leadership Development and Engineering and Science Education Departments. Her research focuses on

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kerry Meyers, University of Notre Dame; Victoria E. Goodrich, University of Notre Dame; Taylor Maida, University of Notre Dame; Simran Moolchandaney, University of Notre Dame; Gabrielle Tanjuatco, University of Notre Dame; Caroline Lubbe, University of Notre Dame

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

, it has been difficult to prove the benefits of field trips to both the students and thefield trip hosts [13]. In order to reap the benefits of field trips, previous studies emphasize theimportance of preplanning [13-15]. When planning a good field trip, many instructors match theobjectives of the field trip to the topics that the students are learning in class [16-18]. Onecommon intended benefit of an engineering or technology field trip is to give students exposureto a specific industry and the subjects discussed in class [16], [17]. Field trips are also used inintroduction courses to give the students hands-on experience with the unfamiliar subject [18],[19]. Numerous studies have found other benefits of field trips, including enjoyment of

Conference Session

Bridging Content and Context in the Classroom

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Stephanie Lezotte, Rowan University; Harriet Hartman, Rowan University; Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University; Tiago R. Forin, Rowan University; Theresa F.S. Bruckerhoff, Curriculum Research & Evaluation, Inc.

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education, Equity

Chemical Engineering at Rowan for eighteen years. Dr. Farrell has contributed to engineering education through her work in inductive pedagogy, spatial skills, and inclusion and diversity. She has been honored by the American Society of Engineering Education with several teaching awards such as the 2004 National Outstanding Teaching Medal and the 2005 Quinn Award for experiential learn- ing, and she was 2014-15 Fulbright Scholar in Engineering Education at Dublin Institute of Technology (Ireland). She has been awarded Honoris Causa from the International Society for Engineering Pedagogy, and has received that society’s highest honor, the Nikolai Tesla Award for outstanding contributions to engineering pedagogy.Mr. Tiago

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Peter Mark Jansson, Bucknell University; Peter Sawirs Kaladius, Bucknell University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

over their summer experience are at the foundation of the scientific methodand discovery and more importantly invaluable in their holistic engineering education. Theylearned to understand experimental protocol (and to revise it as needed) and to use and revise newscientific equipment; these skills are applicable to life beyond university in industry, academe orconsultancy. Their design and application of new data capture technologies and the significant dataanalysis and interpretation associated with real world investigations will serve them well in theirremaining years as students and their careers beyond. During this research, the student teamworked independently, provided regular communications of status and progress and learned howexciting

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Unique Projects & Pedagogies

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Michelle M. Blum, Syracuse University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

curriculum;beginning with Level 1 and working up to Level 4. Beginning instruction at the lower levels helpto develop student’s inquiry skills and their motivation and excitement for the learning methods[12]. However, in secondary education, the levels are implemented more discretely and the formatof class is highly dependent on the subject matter. Particularly, STEM disciplines (science,technology, math, and engineering) trend toward the use of Levels 1 thru 3 for their requiredundergraduate classes, with maybe the exception of a senior capstone class, while other disciplines(social science, language arts, and education) are suited to more prevalently utilize Level 4 [13].The effectiveness of IBL has been assessed at a range of institutions and for

Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Nadir Yilmaz P.E., Howard University; Hyung D. Bae , Howard University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

joined Howard University as a faculty in 2016. He was a nominee of A. James Clark School of Engineering fellowship from the University of Maryland (2008–2011) and is one of the inventors of U.S. patent, ”Ultra-miniature fiber-optic pressure sensor system and method of fabrication”. He is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the Optical Society (OSA). American c Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Integration of Digital Tools for Engineering Design, Analysis and OptimizationAbstractWith the rapid advancement of digital technologies and computational resources, computer aideddesign and