Conference Session

WIED: Analysis, Challenges, Success, and Impacts

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rob Sleezer, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Nicolle Revello; Morgan Round; Kristen O'Connell; Benjamin Orlin; Andrew Roberts, Minnesota State University, Mankato

propositions.2.3 Where is the Research Set?The unit of analysis for this study is the Introduction to Project-Based Engineering course thatwas offered in the Scholars Serving Time program at the Minnesota Correctional Facility –Shakopee (MCFS) during Fall Semester, 2021. MCFS is a women’s prison that housesincarcerated individuals who have been convicted of offenses ranging from property damage tohomicide [48]. Specifics of the course are that it was taught in person to nine incarceratedstudents who met with the professor twice a week for two hours each week during the semester.The intended class size was 22; however, due to COVID-19 restrictions, course participation forthe offering was limited to nine students.The syllabus specified the course

Conference Session

Preparing for Practice

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel M. Ferguson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; James Edwin Cawthorne Jr., Purdue University, West Lafayette; Corey T Schimpf, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

this case course redesign techniques, are the critical elements in the proposedredesign of Principles. Where they are available from the predecessor course to Principles, artifacts that explainthe content selections, give substance to actual and proposed assessment practices, or describe orillustrate actual or potential student learning activities are provided in appendices. The attachedappendices include: 1. The prior course syllabus revised for the new course design. Page 23.857.5 2. An example of a guest speaker biography ( used in the prior course for the Tuesday night 9:00 pm free pizza talk). 3

Conference Session

Mechanics Education Programs and Projects

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Papadopoulos

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

accreditedengineering programs require mechanics courses at entry to major. Because mechanics isso centrally situated in the engineer’s intellectual training, it lends itself to the study ofengineers’ thinking, learning, and metacognition.Perhaps because of these characteristics, a great deal of research has been conducted toassess student learning in mechanics and methods of teaching mechanics. Educators inphysics and engineering have developed a clear understanding of misconceptions thatconflict with student learning, and the concept inventory has emerged as a powerful toolto identify these misconceptions. I review several results of the literature onmisconceptions and use of concept inventories. In the course of this review, I raise theissue of whether

Conference Session

Research in Faculty Development

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin David Lutz, Oregon State University; Allyson Jo Barlow, Oregon State University; Shane A. Brown P.E., Oregon State University; Dominga Sanchez, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

Faculty Development Constituency Committee

, before grades are released.SET forms might be filled out online or with paper and pencil and typically take the form of a setof Likert-type questions that probe student perceptions of the instructor, classroom environment,learning outcomes, and an evaluation of the course and instructor. Students are often asked torate the degree to which they agree (e.g., from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”) withstatements such as “Overall, my instructor’s teaching was effective.” These scores are typicallyaveraged and used for comparisons across departments, colleges, and potentially the entireuniversity. In some cases, SET forms will include an open-ended text box where students canelaborate or express concerns not addressed in the quantitative

Collection

AEE Journal

Authors

Claire Dancz; Kevin Ketchman; Rebekah Burke P.E.; Troy Hottle; Kristen Parrish; Melissa Bilec; Amy Landis

project focus towards those rubric categories that benefit their final grade.Both stand-alone sustainability courses and sustainability modules should provide students withunderstanding of the relationship between sustainability and their core civil engineering curricu-lum, thereby enhancing students’ abilities to design, experiment, and analyze results (i.e. reaching“application”). This issue may be addressed by providing more examples of higher Bloom’s levelsof sustainability applied to engineering design and/or requiring that students reach higher levelsof sustainability application within their senior design projects through a combination of instructorrequest and course syllabus/project rubric requirements.14

Collection

2015 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Enhancing Students' Learning in ECE Freshmen Courses ........... 218Experimentation with Flipped Classroom Paradigm in Freshman Level Biomedical EngineeringCourse – Comparison with Advanced Undergraduate Course ................................................... 225Comparing an Online vs. On-ground Undergraduate Engineering Courses in Dynamics .......... 236Service Learning in Engineering Management ........................................................................... 248 IIUsing Security Onion for Hands-On Cybersecurity Labs

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Technical Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia C. Pendley, Georgia Institute of Technology; Joseph Homer Saleh, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

ample time in a common-core syllabus**.In the following, we present one model for the structure and content of such a course. Othermodels are possible, and educators will no doubt recognize the difficulties in designing a new§ A complete list of the ABET criterion 3 student outcomes is in the Appendix.** Some advanced optional courses already exist in graduate engineering programs and their Page 22.1363.9contents are tailored to specific departments and industries (e.g., chemical hazards and safety,nuclear criticality safety engineering).course subject to a variety of constraints. It is hoped that the following discussion will

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-oriented Studies Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Joshua Pierson, University of Georgia; John M. Mativo, University of Georgia; Edwin Chiuz, University of Georgia; Mark Trudgen, University of Georgia; Christopher Herring, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies

(UGA) College of Engineering Capstone Syllabus, acapstone is a “two-semester sequence course that is project based and focused on problemframing, stakeholder analysis, concept generation, and project management skills.” The goal “isto review concepts in the design process and tools in design methodology with a focus onengineering systems development cycle. Students working in multidisciplinary teams areassigned to design problems that are open-ended, requiring creativity and involving iterativesolutions.” It continues to state that “Design systems will work independently with a facultymentor and adopts the design that can be rapid prototyped or manufactured and evaluated againstthe design requirements. Student teams present their design

Conference Session

Learning and Assessment in ME

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles E. Baukal Jr. P.E., John Zink Hamworthy Combustion; Lynna J. Ausburn, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

course and in advance ofactivities, such as in an explicit and detailed syllabus. Problem Solvers are critical thinkers wholike to explore multiple alternatives. For them, the process is important so they need flexibility incompleting learning activities. They may have difficulty making decisions because they have tomake a choice among multiple alternatives and because the exploration process which they enjoymust come to an end. This may cause them to appear to procrastinate in making decisionsbecause they do not want the process to end. Engagers are more affective learners who enjoylearning they perceive to be fun or personally beneficial. They are interested in buildingrelationships with both teachers and fellow students during learning, which

Conference Session

FPD 3: Research on First-year Programs and Students, Part I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Whalen, Northeastern University; Beverly K. Jaeger, Northeastern University; Susan F. Freeman, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

AC 2011-537: R U ALL THERE? TEXTING, SURFING, AND E-TASKINGIN THE CLASSROOM AND ITS EFFECTS ON LEARNINGRichard Whalen, Northeastern University Rich, Beverly, and Sue are core members of the Gateway Team of full-time faculty in the College of Engineering at Northeastern University in Boston, MA. While they concentrate on first-year engineering courses teaching across all engineering disciplines, they also teach specialty courses in the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at NU. Each of the NU team has published and presented papers on approaches and techniques in engineering education. Combined, Rich, Beverly, and Sue have earned several teaching awards and are proponents of active, engaging, and

Conference Session

Innovations in ChE Labs

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Kirk Schulz; Adrienne Minerick

Freshman Chemical Engineering Experiment: Charged up on Electrophoresis & Brewing with Bioreactors Adrienne R. Minerick, and Kirk H. Schulz Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering / James Worth Bagley College of Engineering Mississippi State UniversityAbstractA freshman Introduction to Chemical Engineering seminar course can be a useful part of theundergraduate curriculum. Goals for such a course range from gaining an appreciation forchemical engineering manufacturing processes and safety, to an overview of the subject areasstudents will become

Conference Session

Poster Sessions for Unit Operations Lab Bazaar and Tenure-Track Faculty

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael E. Prudich, Ohio University; Daina Briedis, Michigan State University; Robert Y. Ofoli, Michigan State University; Robert B. Barat, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Norman W. Loney, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Ali Pilehvari, P.E., Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Michael J. Elsass, University of Dayton; Robert J. Wilkens, University of Dayton; Danilo Pozzo, University of Washington; Jim Pfaendtner, University of Washington; William B. Baratuci, University of Washington; Jim Henry, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga; Bridget R. Rogers, Vanderbilt University; John F. Sandell, Michigan Technological University; Adrienne R. Minerick, Michigan Technological University; Jason M. Keith, Michigan Technological University; Horacio Adrian Duarte, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; David W. Caspary, Michigan Technological University; Charles Nuttelman, University of Colorado, Boulder; Pablo LaValle, University of Michigan; Naoko Ellis, University of British Columbia; Sergio Mendez, California State University, Long Beach; Arne Biermans, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

. The mainpurpose of the lecture was to introduce key statistics concepts appropriate to the laboratoryexperiments. Initially, the coordination between lecture material and laboratory experiments wasweak due to the sequence by which student teams rotated through the experiments. Inevitably,some teams would conduct the experiments most suited for statistical applications before theappropriate material was covered in lecture. In addition, as is frequently the case in many typicalunit operations laboratories, obtaining a meaningful number of data points for statistical analysiswas and continues to be a problem. However, a few years of experience, input from students, andadjustment of the statistics topic sequence in the course syllabus has led to

Conference Session

Software Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sushil Acharya, Robert Morris University; Bruce R Maxim, University of Michigan, Dearborn; Jeffrey J. Yackley, University of Michigan, Dearborn

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Division

- 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall”. He is a member of Nepal Engineering Association and is also a member of ASEE, and ACM. Acharya was the Principal Investigator of the 2007 HP grant for Higher Education at RMU. In 2013 Acharya received a National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant for developing course materials through an industry-academia partnership in the area of Software Verification and Validation. Acharya is also the Associate Provost for Research, Graduate Study, and International Program.Dr. Bruce R Maxim, University of Michigan, Dearborn Bruce R. Maxim has worked as a software engineer, project manager, professor, author, and consultant for more than thirty years. His research interests include software engineering

Conference Session

Scholarship in Engineering Technology

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Abi Aghayere

inventory of scholarly activities. This inventory will be helpful in measuringthe success of the strategies by comparing the faculty scholarly output from year to year. Someof the strategies currently being implemented by the FAS to enhance scholarly productivity arenow discussed.Scholarship WebsiteWith the help of web-based course management software currently used at RIT for all courses,the FAS developed a scholarship website and acts as the moderator and facilitator for thewebsite. All faculty in CAST have access to the website and can post works or ideas-in-progressand can participate in discussions and peer review on the website. The point of entry to thewebsite is the “Syllabus” page shown in Figure 1 where some “ways and means” (see

Conference Session

Global Engineering Models: Curriculum Development, Improvements, and Partnerships

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jian Yu, Auburn University and Tsinghua University, China; Chetan S. Sankar, Auburn University

Tagged Divisions

International

] Elrod, Cassandra, Susan Murray, Barry Flachsbart, Karl E. Burgher & Drew M. Foth. (2010). Utilizing Multimedia Case Studies to Teach the Professional Side of Project Management. Journal of STEM Education (Special Edition), pp 7-17.[8] Engineering Student Retention, Retrieved Jan. 18, 2011, http://www.virtualpet.com/engineer/retent/retent.htm.[9] Fini, Eli H. (2010). Incorporating a Real World Case Study into the Syllabus of a Senior Construction Engineering Course. Journal of STEM Education (Special Edition), pp 18-23.[10] Fosko, D.J. (2003, April). Case Studies and Methods in Teaching and Learning. Paper Represented at the annual meeting of the Society of Educators and Scholars

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 19

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lucas J. Wiese, Purdue University ; Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

–61, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1145/3330794.[3] R. T. Javed et al., “Get out of the BAG! Silos in AI Ethics Education: Unsupervised Topic Modeling Analysis of Global AI Curricula,” J. Artif. Intell. Res., vol. 73, pp. 933–965, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1613/jair.1.13550.[4] L. Tuovinen and A. Rohunen, “Teaching AI Ethics to Engineering Students: Reflections on Syllabus Design and Teaching Methods,” 2021.[5] J. Lönngren, “Exploring the discursive construction of ethics in an introductory engineering course,” J. Eng. Educ., vol. 110, no. 1, pp. 44–69, 2021, doi: 10.1002/jee.20367.[6] R. F. Clancy, Q. Zhu, and Philosophy Documentation Center, “Why Should Ethical Behaviors Be the Ultimate Goal of Engineering Ethics Education?,” Bus. Prof

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Vernon Cook, University of Pittsburgh; Robert J. Kerestes, University of Pittsburgh; Brandon M. Grainger, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

quality meters. Students should also be able to acquire, interpret and analyze data that was gathered in the laboratory. C. TextbookThere was no official textbook chosen for the course. However, course notes were constructedbased on information from multiple textbooks or industry application notes. These textbookswere listed as supplemental materials for the course on the syllabus and are listed below: 1. J. Duncan Glover, Mulukutla S. Sarma, Thomas Overbye, Power Systems Analysis and Design, 6th Edition, Cengage Learning, ISBN-10: 130563618X | ISBN-13: 9781305636187 2. S. Chapman, Electric Machinery Fundamentals, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill Education, ISBN: 978-0073529547 3. W. H. Kersting, Distribution System Modeling

Conference Session

Assessment in Multidisciplinary Learning Environment

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sara A. Atwood, Elizabethtown College; Brenda Read-Daily, Elizabethtown College; Jean Carlos Batista Abreu, Elizabethtown College

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

. While the instructor did not teach this course again due to rotating instructor coverage,she implemented this approach in her Thermodynamics course.Details are presented in Appendix A.Thermodynamics (Spring 2020)While an epic finale approach was already planned, the instructor felt it was particularlyappropriate given the quick pivot online during COVID in Spring 2020. All students had beenassessed individually on partial exams and a cumulative FE-style quiz. The epic finale wasconducted virtually on Zoom and was less structured. Students were placed into random breakoutgroups and asked to figure out how a hospital ventilator works with schematics drawn,components identified, and technical considerations and related to thermodynamics and

Conference Session

Teaching Tools: Student Experience and Reflection (NEE)

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anu Singh, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators Division (NEE)

students for assignment submission, reflection submission, self-ratingquizzes completion, and to share course material (e.g., syllabus, list of learning objectives,self-evaluation excel template, content videos, readings, solution keys).The course outcomes emphasized both technical and professional skills development. Thefour technical content modules in the course were: 1) conservation of mass, 2) fluid flow(pipes, fittings, and pumps for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids), 3) fan selection, and 4)thermal preservation while developing. Problem-solving skills development was a cross-cutting outcoming. The course also strongly emphasized students’ professional skilldevelopment. This emphasis complemented the development of students’ process

Conference Session

Writing and Portfolios

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Turns, University of Washington; Kejun Xu, University of Washington; Matt Eliot, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

in general. As a result, theannotations need to make it clear what the reader is learning about the student. In the followingexample, a casual reader reading the first part of the second paragraph might jump to theconclusion that the point is going to be about the class. Fortunately, the student does bring theattention back to himself in the third sentence. MANUFACTURING PROCESSES When an engineer designs a product, he/she has to know how to manufacture the product economically. Many great inventions have been made, but they are not produced. Why? Because they are too expensive to build! That is why a great invention has to be relatively cheap to manufacture. The artifact below is a portion of the syllabus of the course

Conference Session

Using Technology to Enhance Teaching and Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander Haubold, Columbia University; John R. Kender, Columbia University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

client and the class twice a semester: once during a preliminary designreview and once for the final project completion. Midterm and final presentations are video-taped by the instructional staff in a typical classroom environment. During the semester, teamsconduct frequent informal meetings to discuss their progress, and are required to meet with theirclient at least once. At subjectively selected times, students record these events as part of theirvideo journal. At the end of the semester, teams summarize their team and client interaction in anedited version of the footage.Our engineering design course is offered to more than 150 students per semester, who areassigned to teams of 5-6 students. Inarguably, the introduction of interactive video

Collection

2010 ASEE Zone 4 Conference

Authors

............................................................................................................... 37“A Learning Community for First-Year Engineering Students”* Ding Yuan, Jude DePalma, & Nebojsa Jaksic .......................................................................................... 45“Assessing the Effectiveness of Synchronous Content Delivery in an Online Introductory Circuits Analysis Course” Amelito Enriquez ....................................................................................................................................... 48“Evaluating Oscilloscope Sample Rates vs. Sampling Fidelity: How to Make the Most Accurate Digital Measurements” Johnnie Hancock ....................................................................................................................................... 60

Conference Session

Service Learning in Engineering

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Patti Clayton; Steven Peretti; Lisa Bullard

asignificant service-learning component have been offered in the capstone chemical engineeringsenior design course at NC State University. Students have worked with an economicallydisadvantaged community facing pollutant emissions resulting from a high concentration of localindustries. Students characterized the pollutant problem and its sources and provided thecommunity with process-related information useful in their discussions with regulatory bodies.This paper will review the conceptual foundations of service-learning, discuss potentialapplications of service-learning in engineering curricula, and summarize the strategies used andthe challenges faced in the design and implementation of a service-learning component inchemical engineering senior

Conference Session

Preparing Future Educators

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Linda M. Head, Rowan University; Melanie Basantis, Rowan University; Steven H. Chin, Rowan University; Bernard Pietrucha, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

. Basantis provides leadership to The College of Engineering’s STEM initiatives and has done so for the past 10 years. Middle and High school camps and field experiences are held under her guidance and expertise.Dr. Steven H Chin P.E., Rowan UniversityDr. Bernard Pietrucha, Rowan University Bernard M. Pietrucha Instructor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Rowan University Education: B.S., Electrical Engineering, Newark College of Engineering (NJIT); M.S., Electrical Engi- neering, Newark College of Engineering (NJIT); Ph.D., Electrical Engineering, Rutgers University Dr. Pietrucha has taught undergraduate courses in Electrical and Computer Engineering and Freshman and Sophomore

Collection

2013 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Charles E. Baukal; Lynna J. Ausburn; John E. Matsson; Geoffrey L. Price

Engagers.25 Navigators plantheir learning and focus on completing the necessary activities to achieve their goals. Order andstructure are important to these learners, who tend to be logical, objective, and perfectionists.They want clear objectives and expectations at the beginning of a course and in advance ofactivities, such as in an explicit and detailed syllabus. Problem Solvers are critical thinkers wholike to explore multiple alternatives. For them, the process is important so they need flexibility incompleting learning activities. They may have difficulty making decisions because they have tomake a choice among multiple alternatives and because the exploration process which they enjoymust come to an end. This may cause them to appear to

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Jun Zhang; Peter Cavanaugh; Dan Tenney

supplement their classroomtopological approach to psychological structures and his learning, especially if they face barriers to quality education.dynamic analysis find parallels in classical Freudian methods, Open education principles extend to online learningwhile his appreciation for play and games resonates with the through Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). MOOCs areideas of Winnicott and Gopnik. His early distinctions between courses available to anyone with internet access and can enrollthe imaginary and the symbolic prefigure later

Conference Session

Curricular Developments in Energy Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Van Treuren, Baylor University; Ian Gravagne, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

AC 2008-1474: ENERGY AWARENESS EFFORTS AT BAYLOR UNIVERSITYKenneth Van Treuren, Baylor University Dr. Van Treuren is a professor on the faculty in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Baylor University. He teaches the capstone Mechanical Engineering Laboratory course as well as courses in heat transfer, aerospace engineering, fluid mechanics, and wind power. His research interests include energy education and literacy and gas turbine heat transfer. He can be contacted at Kenneth_Van_Treuren@baylor.edu.Ian Gravagne, Baylor University Dr. Gravagne is an assistant professor with the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Baylor University. He teaches the Engineering Design II

Conference Session

Computational/CS Initiatives

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David R. Wright, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

provided by thespeakers. A variety of other online resources are also provided. NCWIT and CSTA also provided awealth of printed materials that attendees could take with them to support their recruiting andteaching efforts.4 EvaluationAll of the attendees expressed an interest in learning new strategies and techniques for attractingand retaining a more diverse student population in the computer science courses. The second-mostcommon expectation (expressed by 15 of 27 participants) was to collaborate with other teachersand CS education professionals to develop ways of strengthening their CS curricula and informingschool administrators and parents about the importance of computing education for all students. At the end of the workshop

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Imane Aboutajedyne, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez (Morocco); Yassine Salih Alj, Al Akhawayn University; Ahmed Aboutajeddine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez (Morocco).

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

model combines the student input variables(i.e., background, purpose…) and the learning outcomes, while taking into account the learningexperience and educational environment (i.e. courses, teaching/learning activities, structure,facilities…) [8].Building on the above-mentioned conceptual models, this work proposes a Context Canvas as anactionable framework to facilitate gathering information and finding correlations between theelements that influence the ideation of educational concepts. As a design tool, the context canvasaims to help educators move from the problem space to the solution space in the process ofeducational solution development.This paper is organized as follows. First, overviews of conceptual models for design are

Conference Session

CEED Technical Session II: Developing Research and Design Skills Through Experiential Learning

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rylan C. Chong, Chaminade University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

notcomplete the surveys, and provided feedback that the self-efficacy section was too long and thestudy will have an attrition challenge with participants. In the next iteration, the number of self-efficacy questions was reduced as shown in Table 3. The questions were selected based on thecriteria that they aligned to traditional research competencies that students acquire throughresearch programs [44], the research items covered as many items of the research self-efficacysubscales from the literature, and the items covered the primary research activities on theINSuRE class syllabus illustrated in Table 1.An anonymous online pre-survey was distributed to students the week before the first researchactivity of the INSuRE class. Although there were a