Conference Session

Architectural Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Christina McCoy P.E., Oklahoma State University; John J. Phillips, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Architectural Engineering, Construction Engineering

and basic tools. Further, resources such as labspace, materials, and the time investment in working with these materials can present achallenge. Meyer shows the implementation of this strategy in a steel course by fabricating steelconnections from 1/8” thick plate and loading them to failure. [4] Stahl and DeVries discuss theadvantage to building a large frame and its many uses for full-scale structural testing at theMilwaukee School of Engineering. [5] Stahl’s paper also transparently outlined the numerousresources in both time and money that are required for such an instructional strategy. Estesshows this strategy implemented in a concrete structures course at the United States MilitaryAcademy. [6] This course heavily integrates fabrication

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Carl B. Dietrich, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Nicholas F. Polys, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Christian W. Hearn, Weber State University; Kenneth Reid, University of Indianapolis; Joshua Alexéi García Sheridan, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

the REAL system was limited to peer institutions.Limited availability of the PI due to an appointment as department head hindered promotion anddissemination efforts, although the PI indicated that he believed there was potential for greaterinterest in the system if given extensive promotion over time [15].2.2 The anTpaTT system Electrical Engineering faculty at WSU recognized the value of a low-cost antennaradiation pattern measurement capability to enhance a curriculum in electromagnetics andwireless communications. In the near term, the space and budget requirements for a research-grade antenna-pattern measurement system (antenna positioning system, anechoic chamber, anddedicated network analyzer) are beyond the department’s reach. A

Conference Session

NSF Grantees: REU 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Subodh Bhandari, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Fang Tang, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Zekeriya Aliyazicioglu, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Amar Raheja, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Erika DeJonghe, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Image Processing, Commu- nication Systems, and Robotics. He is an author of numerous research papers and presentations in these areas. Dr. Aliyazicioglu is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). He is a member of Eta Kappa Nu, Tau Beta Pi and ASEE.Dr. Amar Raheja, California State Polytechnic University Dr. Amar Raheja is currently a professor of Computer Science at California State Polytechnic University- Pomona. He received his PhD in Biomedical Engineering from University of Toledo, OH in 1999. and MS and BS from Indian Institute of Technology, India in 1992 and 1994 respectively. His research interests and publications are in the area of image processing, computer vision and

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathleen Meehan, University of Glasgow

Tagged Divisions

International

engineering education with an acknowledgement ofthe approaches used in the United States will be presented. This view is formed from herexperiences at the University of Glasgow (UoG), the joint educational programme (JEP) betweenthe University of Glasgow and the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(UESTC), and at three institutions of higher learning (IHLs) in the United States. Comparisonsinclude the curricula, student and instructor expectations, instructional techniques, assessmentof learning, programme accreditation and quality assurance, privacy of information, and parents’rights and engagement at UoG, UESTC, and the three US IHLs at which the author has taught.Observations of the author’s experience teaching at the UoG-UESTC

Conference Session

NSF Grantees: Student Learning 3

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Samuel J. Dickerson, University of Pittsburgh; Renee M. Clark, University of Pittsburgh; Nan Jiang

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #28590Assessment of Reflective and Metacognitive Practices for Electrical andComputer Engineering UndergraduatesDr. Samuel J Dickerson, University of Pittsburgh Dr. Samuel Dickerson is an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engi- neering. His general research interests lie in the area of electronics, circuits and embedded systems and in particular, technologies in those areas that have biomedical applications. He has expertise in the design and simulation of mixed-signal integrated circuits and systems that incorporate the use of both digital and analog electronics, as well as

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Three

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Collins, J.P. Morgan Chase; Gerard Lennon, Lehigh University; John Ochs, Lehigh University; Richard Weisman, Lehigh University; Vincent Munley, Lehigh University; Joseph Sterrett, Lehigh University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2008-1253: A DECADE OF UNIVERSITY SPORTS FACILITY DESIGNCOURSESMichael Collins, J.P. Morgan Chase Michael G. Collins is a first-year analyst in J.P. Morgan Chase’s Management Services Program where he will rotate between 4 different branches of the bank. He is a January 2008 graduate of Lehigh University earning both a B.S. in the Integrated Business and Engineering Honors program as well as a B.S. in Industrial Engineering. Michael has participated in 3 different courses at Lehigh which utilized a project-based curriculum to partner students with outside clients. In the Integrated Business and Engineering Capstone Project he worked with Online Staffing Solutions of Allentown, PA

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edmund Tsang, Western Michigan University; Anetra J. Grice, Western Michigan University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Consortium for Student Data Exchange at the University of Oklahoma(https://csrde.ou.edu/). Other engineering programs with similar student demographics as WMUmay find the strategies and methods described in this paper useful.Scaling Up STEP CohortsAlthough CEAS does not have a common first-year engineering curriculum for its 14engineering and applied sciences programs, we are successful in placing 90% of all first-yearsummer orientation participants in STEP cohorts. We have seen an increase from 75% to 90%over the past eight years. The STEP IB project involves, on average, 343 first-time first-yearstudents annually who are placed into 18-19 cohorts. Figure 1 below shows the total number ofstudents who participated in summer orientation from 2010 to

Conference Session

K-12 Computer Science and Computational Thinking Initiatives

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Afrin Naz, West Virginia University Inst. of Tech.; Mingyu Lu, West Virginia University Inst. of Tech.

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

established in the core K-12standards5. To address this challenge, the third model5 implemented a computer scienceendorsement program for secondary school teachers with focus on the national level modelcurriculum set by Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)9 and Computer ScienceTeachers Association (CSTA)10. Following their successful experience, we designed ourworkshop to be closely aligned with the CSTA standards. The fourth model8 offered an onlineprofessional development workshop for high school teachers. Inspired by the fourth model,online forum and online technical support are integrated in our post-workshop activites. In Page 24.53.3summary

Conference Session

Study Abroad, International Exchange Programs, and Student Engagements

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James L. Barnes, James Madison University; Michael J. Dyrenfurth, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kathryne Newton, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Susan Kubic Barnes, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

International

. Page 25.940.3 In this paper the authors present an approach that has wide application for not onlyassessing international student exchange programs, but all facets of engineering and technologyeducation as an integral component of continuous program improvement. Keywords: mixed methods, evaluation, exchange student programsIntroduction This paper describes the evaluation model used to document the impact of a EuropeanUnion-United States Atlantis grant project awarded by the Fund for the Improvement ofPostsecondary Education (FIPSE). The partner institutions included two in Europe, DublinInstitute of Technology (DIT) in Ireland and the Hochschule Darmstadt (H-DA) in Germany, andtwo institutions in the United States, Purdue

Conference Session

College/University Engineering Students K-12 Outreach II

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Thaddeus Fowler; Suzanne Soled; Laura Koehl; Anant Kukreti

activities.Fellows completed an Instructional Planning course prior to teaching in the schools. This gavethem instruction and practice in lesson planning. They were then paired with teachers todevelop ideas for the classes they would be working with. Depending on the needs of theparticular class, they would develop lessons that would enrich or sometimes replace instructionthe teacher was using. Fellows would teach the lesson in entirety or work with the teacher inpresenting the material. Fellows and teachers have implemented over 20 different activities inclasses covering physics, math, biology, chemistry and environmental science. These activitiesinvolve authentic, inquiry based learning and are posted at the project website,http://www.eng.uc.edu/STEP

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig G. Downing, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Thomas P. James P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Diane Evans, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Six Sigma Master Black Belt.Dr. Thomas P. James P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Tom James is presently a Professor of Entrepreneurship at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. His major interests are new product development and global business ventures. He currently teaches courses in accounting, finance, and entrepreneurial studies. In addition to teaching, Dr. James directs the ES- CALATE program, a living-learning community focused on integrating entrepreneurship and technical disciplines. He received his PhD in Mechanical Engineering and an Executive MBA from Marquette University. He is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and is a registered Profes- sional Engineer (PE). Dr

Conference Session

Virtual and Distance Experiments

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Schuyler, University of Hartford; Tom Eppes, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

focused on EET andCET programs. The electronics discipline is an attractive choice because relatively lowcost components, devices, tools and measurement instrumentation are available. Theauthors investigated the available technology and hardware capable of providing a Page 11.638.2combination of “hands-on”, remote-controlled and/or virtual experiments.[1-9] In thispaper, we analyze the laboratory component in depth and propose a solution.Our premise is that the reason there are no purely distance EET or CET programs isbecause no one has developed a pedagogically effective solution to the laboratorycomponent of the curriculum. The laboratory component

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Technical Session 4: Bring Your Own Experiment (BYOE)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Trudgen, University of Georgia; Dominik May; Parker Ensing, University of Georgia

to provide fine pointing accuracyor disturbance rejection. Whereas, as energy storage devices, they allow energy harnessed from windturbines to be reserved for later use. In any case, exposure to flywheels in undergraduate educationprepares engineering students for practical use-cases in industry. Additionally, a flywheel system doesnot act alone, but rather incorporates sensors, transducers, actuators, and various algorithms whichfurther enrich its capabilities to be used in an undergraduate engineering curriculum. This paperpresents the use of a flywheel system at a major university. From the information presented, the readershould be able to take the concepts listed and apply them to their unique instructional roles.Pedagogical Context

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carl Nelson Blue, University of Southern Maine

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Scholars Program” Award # 1153281AbstractThe National Science Foundation awarded the University of Southern Maine with a grant forSTEM Opportunities for Academically Capable and Financially Needy Students entitled the“University of Southern Maine STEM Scholars Program,” Award # 1153281. At the completionof our fifth year, this poster presentation provides an opportunity to present data on the successof our S-STEM program, as well as share some of the best practices learned and applied. TheUSM STEM Scholars Bridge Program has been a model for blending the elements ofrecruitment, retention, and placement into an integrated, comprehensive but non-intrusiveprogram that promotes student success in transitioning from high schools and communitycolleges

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Elliott Bryner, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Daniel Dannelley, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

of thislecture is part of Learning Objective 1 in that the proper selection of measurement systems, thecombination of probes and sensors is a critical part of planning and experimental program. a. b. Figure 2. An example of a probe and a sensor. A pitot static tube (a.) is a probe and a pressure transduce (b.) is a sensor.Numerical Methods (L.O. 2, 3) –While this is not a numerical analysiscourse there are a series of lecturescovering the use of numerical methodsfor experimental data reduction. Theselectures cover topics such as numericalerror, numerical integration, finding rootsof equations, Fourier series andfrequency analysis, and curve

Conference Session

Ethical Reasoning and Responsibility

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debra S. Fuentes, Brigham Young University; Gregg Morris Warnick, Brigham Young University; Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Randall Davies, Brigham Young Unversity

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

contributing to narrow perceptions of ethicsamong students.22 For example, educational reforms aiming to introduce more social and ethicalrequirements into curricula can be perceived by students as “constraints” and “discreterequirements” rather than integral to both their education and future professional practice.Related research has additionally questioned whether engineering education has measurableimpacts on the ethical capabilities and moral development of engineering students. For instance,Shuman et al. coded student responses to an open-ended ethical dilemma, and found littleevidence of growth in ethical reasoning from the freshman year to senior year, althoughrelatively few of these students had taken formal ethics courses.23 Similarly, Wu et

Conference Session

Inservice Teacher Engineering Education

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Erin Cejka; Chris Rogers

Inservice Teachers and the Engineering Design Process Erin Cejka, Chris Rogers Tufts University’s Center for Engineering Educational OutreachDriven by its prestigious academic institutions, high-tech companies, and commitment tosuperior education, Massachusetts became the first state in the country to adopttechnology/engineering standards as part of the state curriculum frameworks in 2001. Thissignificant policy change has produced an increased need for professional development andteacher education efforts in engineering and technology. The overall lack of content knowledgeand experience in engineering and technology among teachers, especially at the elementary level,will

Conference Session

Technical Session 3: History and Future of Engineering Librarianship

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael J. White, Queen's University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

produce answers for engineers.” Carlson thenchallenged engineering educators and librarians to find “three relevant information items” ineach course and assign students the responsibility of finding them. Carlson believed that such anapproach, adopted across an entire curriculum, would develop in students “a fairly sophisticatedknowledge of what the campus has to offer in the way of information resources.” Of course, theidea of integrating library resources with regular engineering courses had been proposed bylibrarians before.[38]Although ASEE President Easton’s vision, which was clearly inspired by the Weinberg Report,may have alarmed some librarians, he apparently had no intention of putting them out ofbusiness. In fact, he needed their help

Conference Session

Elementary School Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M. David Burghardt, Hofstra University; Krowles Christine, Plainview School Distict

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

[Thacher, 1989]. So using design in the classroom can be challenging as students arenot familiar, or initially not comfortable, with the open-ended nature of design.Many educators discuss the integration across disciplines but at times the standards basedmovement forces us to be more discipline focused. “No matter what the content, we can designactive linkages between fields of knowledge. An interdisciplinary approach to learning may beseen as a curriculum approach that consciously applies methodology and language for more thanone discipline to examine a central theme, problem or experience” (Jacobs, 1989). Researchaddresses the importance of hands-on activities, which, supported by meaningful discussion andtheory building (Brooks and Brooks, 1993

Conference Session

Before and After: Matriculants and Alumni

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irene B. Mena, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Sarah E. Zappe, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Thomas A. Litzinger, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

research interests include integrating creativity into the engineering curriculum, development in- struments to measure the engineering professional skills, and using qualitative data to enhance response process validity of tests and instruments.Dr. Thomas A. Litzinger, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Page 25.1062.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Preparing the Engineer of 2020: Analysis of Alumni DataThe College of Engineering at the Pennsylvania State University aspires to educate engineers of2020: engineers who are innovative, ethical, and good

Conference Session

Two Year College Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Golding, University of Texas, El Paso; Oscar H. Salcedo, University of Texas, El Paso; Mike Thomas Pitcher, University of Texas, El Paso; Oscar Antonio Perez, University of Texas, El Paso; Mariano Olmos, El Paso Community College; Tonie Badillo, El Paso Community College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

Tierra Madre, an environmentally soundlow-income housing community in the region, and was president of the Association of Women in theCommunity College. She is a member of the Early College High School Leadership Council and theadministrative liaison for the Integrated Technologies Committee at EPCC. Page 26.1369.3 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Sharing Best Practices Toward Seamless Transfer of Engineering StudentsIf the United States is to maintain its economic leadership and be able to sustain its share of high-technology jobs, it must prepare the next

Conference Session

Instructional Technology

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

John Dempsey; Craig Totman

understand the fracture mechanics of concrete. As part of a pro-grammatic change that is under consideration in the Department of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering (CEE) at Clarkson University (CU), the lecture portion of the course has beensupplemented by an in depth experimental component that requires students to design andperform concrete fracture tests following recommendations provided by the ACI Commit-tee 446.1 The programmatic curriculum change that is being considered is in response tothe ASCE Policy 465 and ABET assessments. These organizations recognize the fact thatchanges need to be made in current programs in order to better prepare the new breed ofengineer and guarantee the advancement of Civil Engineering.The teaching of fracture

Conference Session

Improving Statics and Dynamics Classes

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Per G. Reinhall; Paula R.L. Heron; Lesley Low; Brian C. Fabien

this issue and assist in a seamless transition forthe students going from physics into engineering.MethodologyThe tutorials developed for use in the instruction of freshman physics by the PEG wereused as a model for the engineering tutorials. The main goal of the physics tutorials is toincrease student understanding of the concepts of introductory physics. The developmentof the physics tutorials takes place in an iterative cycle of research, curriculumdevelopment and curriculum implementation as described below.Research on student learning of specific topics indicates the areas of student difficultythat the curriculum must address. This research includes the systematic analysis ofstudent responses to questions administered after lecture

Conference Session

Engineering Economy Division (EED) Technical Session 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tamara R. Etmannski, University of British Columbia

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy Division (EED)

Paper ID #41314Creation of Open-Source Course Materials for Engineering Economics Coursewith Help from a Team of Students—Lessons LearnedDr. Tamara R. Etmannski, University of British Columbia Tamara Etmannski is an Assistant Professor of Teaching in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in Canada. Her position is focused on teaching content and various curricula and teaching and learning initiatives connected to ’impacts in engineering’ (sustainability, leadership, economics, entrepreneurship). Her pedagogical interests include high-impact practices like active and experiential

Collection

2010 North Midwest Section

Authors

Byron Garry

project. As the universitychanged its course management system, software to implement the webpages was not availablefor one year. Ironically, this provided an opportunity to measure, using rubrics, the positiveimpact the use of project webpages have on the quality of final project reports and in assessmentof some of the program outcomes, which are detailed in this paper.Capstone Course and Outcome AssessmentThe 2010-11 ABET-TAC Criterion 4. Curriculum section states that “Capstone or otherintegrating experiences must draw together diverse elements of the curriculum and developstudent competence in focusing both technical and non-technical skills in solving problems”1. Ashort search of ASEE Conference papers variously defines the goal of the

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

W.R. Kaminski

Page 3.44.14close enough to give the student an appreciation for the mechanisms and theory involved innatural convection. Assuming that a thermocouple readout is available, the experiment can be duplicatedfor approximately $650. Conclusions The experiments described in this paper were found to be both challenging andinteresting to the students based on comments and student course reviews. The experimentswere found to significantly contribute to the understanding heat transfer and supported thebasic framework of the Mechanical Engineering Technology curriculum. Acknowledgments The author wishes to thank all of the Mechanical Engineering Technology

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Steven Hart; Ronald Welch

horizon, but there were no A&E products orcost estimates to move the discussion beyond the general need and the “maybe I can help” level.In 1998, an academic advisor for the West Point Golf Team, who knew that the golf team’spractice facility had a very low fund raising status, approached a Civil Engineering instructor.Since the Civil Engineering Division desired to develop new senior design capstone projectseach year, the concept of using civil engineering students in the senior design capstone course toperform the initial A&E design work for a new facility quickly materialized.The senior design capstone course, which is built around a semester-long comprehensive teamproject, integrates all aspects of the civil engineering curriculum

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI) Technical Session 3

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Lijun Wang, University of Colorado, Boulder; Malinda S. Zarske, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)

multidisciplinary curriculum involving two or moresubject areas not only increases students’ competence in complex problem solving and thuscompetitiveness in the workforce, but also increases interest in future coursework for women [5,6, 7, 8]. The inclusion of engineering majors that support multidisciplinary pathways could helprecruit and retain more engineers into the workforce, as well as help balance the ratio of men towomen engineers practicing the profession.Recently at several universities (such as University of Colorado Boulder, Boise State, OregonState, Texas A&M, Purdue, and University of Southern California), there has been an emergenceof new engineering majors which incorporate outside disciplines into engineering studies,allowing for more

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy R McJunkin, Idaho National Laboratory; Craig G Rieger, Idaho National Laboratory; Brian K. Johnson, University of Idaho, Moscow; D. Subbaram Naidu P.E., Idaho State University; Lawrence H Beaty; John F. Gardner, Boise State University; Indrajit Ray, Colorado State University; Katya L Le Blanc, Idaho National Laboratory; Michael Guryan, Idaho Regional Optical Network, Inc.

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

on the control system may make itnecessary to take over manual control.The automatic control system consists of a frequency sensor that feeds back through aproportional, integral, differential (PID) set of gains. Students can experiment with how differentgain values change the response of the grid to changes in load and generation. An objective is tooptimize the scoring metric by changes to the PID gains. The system of generation, loads, batterysystem and closed loop control is summarized in .With the automatic control engaged, the player takes on the strategic role, while maintaining asupervision of the operations of the microgrid, of deciding how to grow their operations byinvesting their points. Decisions include how much storage to buy

Conference Session

FPD 7: Beyond Course Content

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela R Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Nathan E. Canney PE, Seattle University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

they progressthrough the engineering curriculum using a longitudinal study.BackgroundIt has been asserted that the current generation of incoming college students possesses a highdegree of civic responsibility. The Higher Education Research Institute has been studying civicresponsibility for over 40 years and reported that civic engagement has increased, evidenced bythe fact that 72% of first year college students in 2012 said that “help others in difficulty” was anobjective that was essential or very important,1 as compared to 58.7%, in 1987.2 The Associationof American Colleges and Universities (AACU) currently has an initiative to educate studentsfor personal and social responsibility, stating a goal that campuses should “prepare [students