Conference Session

Standards and K-12 Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eugene F. Brown, Virginia Tech; Larry G. Richards, University of Virginia; Elizabeth A. Parry, North Carolina State University; Malinda S. Zarske, University of Colorado, Boulder; Stacy S. Klein-Gardner, Vanderbilt University and Harpeth Hall School

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

challengesquestions.2011 Vancouver K-12 WorkshopIn June, 2011 at the Vancouver K-12 Workshop, the division executive board led a discussion on theresults of both the Louisville plenary session and the 2011 member survey over a working lunchNearly 170 participants were given an overview of the information gathered on K-12 EngineeringOutreach at the plenary, and then were shown the results of the member survey identifying the mostpressing research questions on K-12 Engineering. The survey identified the top three researchpriorities as assessment of learning and skills, integrating engineering into STEM, and engagingstudents. Survey respondents reflected general concern about teacher preparation and in serviceteacher professional development overall

Conference Session

Information Literacy in Context: Enabling Real World Problem Solving

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Fosmire, Purdue University, West Lafayette; David F. Radcliffe, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

reflect the idea that information is sought to enrich design, the six I-RED phases are expressedas a series of focus questions. This approach aligns with the notion of design as a question askingprocess.25 Pilerot and Hiort af Ornas follow a similar approach in formulating guiding questionsfrom not only a process but also a product oriented perspective.26 For simplicity, I-RED approachconcentrates on ‘product-oriented’ focus questions and treatment.The I-RED model locates the six phases on an ‘information space’ with the orthogonal axes for thevariety of knowledge domains and the level of specialization in a given domain as shown in Figure2. The location of each phase indicates the relative ‘breadth’ and ‘depth’ of the types ofinformation sought

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David C. Che, Geneva College; David Allen Clark, Geneva College; David W. Shaw, Geneva College; James S. Gidley, Geneva College

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

and improve their grade beyond the end of the semester.Their course grade is based on: (1) their performance when working to prepare for the competition (2) their performance at the competition (3) their written report on lessons learned from the competition and recommendations for future workThis proves to be an effective and fair way to evaluate their complete body of work whilekeeping their morale high towards the end. It also provides them an opportunity to reflect onwhat they had learned at the competition and be able to document it. Obviously, if thecompetition happens in April or early May before the semester is over, this is not an issue. Itwould always be wise to include their performance at the competition as part of

Conference Session

Building Information Modeling (BIM)

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Namhun Lee, East Carolina University; Carrie S. Dossick, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Construction

in CEM education. The research scope for this paper is limited to theextensive literature review.The pursuit of these objectives generates the following questions about BIM and its potentialimpacts on CEM education:  What efforts have been made in CEM programs to reflect the BIM needs of the industry?  What issues have been found in implementing BIM in CEM curriculum? Page 25.898.3  Which topics should be introduced in CEM education?To address these questions, an extensive literature review was conducted 1) to explore BIM’simpact on the industry; 2) to study the published cases of BIM implementation in CEMcurriculum; 3) to

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Teaming and Collaboration

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Pistrui, Acumen Dynamics, LLC; John K. Layer, University of Evansville; Sandra L. Dietrich, Eastern Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

benchmark of undergraduate engineeringstudents. The goal is to better understand EMEs in relation to students, and to use these insightsand wisdom to empirically redefine the skills and educational methods necessary to reshapeengineering education.Entrepreneurially minded engineers (EMEs) are the drivers of U.S. innovation andcompetitiveness and are unique and distinctive [11]. EMEs have not necessarily started newbusinesses although they may have; they do, most often, work in established small- and medium-sized enterprises, and many work in Fortune 1000 firms [12]. The EME reflects a mindset, notspecifically an entrepreneur; they are the type of engineers who can think entrepreneurially. It isimportant to note that there is not a single type of

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computer-oriented Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Naser El-Bathy P.E., North Carolina A&T State University; Clay Samuel Gloster Jr., North Carolina A&T State University; Ghassan M. Azar; Cameron Seay, North Carolina A&T State Univeristy; Mohammed K. El-Bathy, Lawrence Technological University; Ibraheem A. Kateeb, North Carolina A&T State University; Rajeev K. Agrawal, North Carolina A&T State University; Aiman Ghassan Baset

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

studentsreceived job offer. Figure 6 Number of jobs offered to the studentRelated workPrevious work in data clustering has focused on concepts similar to Intelligent Clustering BasedExtended Genetic Algorithm. K-means is most successfully used on data sets because of itssimplicity and its linear time complexity. However, it is not feasible to be used on large data sets.Hierarchal clustering algorithm creates a structure that reflects the order of divided groups. Itgives better results than K-means if it uses random data set. A GA-based unsupervised clusteringtechnique selects cluster centers directly from the data set and allows acceleration of the fitnessevaluation via a look-up table. A limitation of existing techniques is

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Assessment in ECE II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerard Rowe, University of Auckland; Chris Smaill, University of Auckland; Lawrence Carter, University of Auckland; Elizabeth Godfrey, University of Technology Sydney; Bernard Guillemin, The University of Auckland; Mark Andrews, University of Auckland; Waleed Abdulla, University of Auckland

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

experimented to some extent with other approaches designed to get more studentengagement. Their comments reflected a desire for better training in techniques appropriatefor such an at-risk cohort, and for better briefings from course coordinators.“…I didn’t even have that many tutorials so I think we’re not even particularly familiar with the format…”“...no one ever told us how to do a tutorial, how to run a tutorial”.“So we sort of took what we saw academics doing for the first tutorials...”“... we were sort of working quite independently from the lecturers...It would have been good to have... like a 15minute kind of briefing with the lecturer, who was lecturing at that time...”Several of the tutors expressed concern about the appropriateness of the

Conference Session

Instrumentation in Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David McDonald, Lake Superior State University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

tested and appropriate CAN data is collected in aCAN log file. This data is post-test analyzed in MATLAB to develop a theoretical model of thecomponent. The component model can then be developed in Simulink to predict it would behave Page 15.341.17in a real environment test. The specific component is not important, and the test could be asimple temperature rise test of a small motor.What is important is that, to the degree possible, the test instruction topics and applications oftesting actually reflect industrial testing processes while using actual industrial testing analysisand simulation tools. The inclusion of MATLAB/Simulink for modeling and

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitchell Nathan, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Amy Atwood, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Amy Prevost, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Allen Phelps, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

credit for teachers.A recent international review of research on professional learning for educators by LindaDarling-Hammond and colleagues22 report that strategically designed, intensive, and sustainedprofessional learning can have a powerful influence on teacher skills and knowledge andultimately lead to improvements in student learning. Prevost and colleagues23 examined thePLTW teacher professional development training documents, training activities, teacher projects,and teacher self-assessment and self-reflection items. They described it as localized to a two-week intensive program rich with engineering and math concepts that were often implicitlyembedded in the engineering activities. Little, however, was revealed about the impact

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kuntinee Maneeratana, Chulalongkorn University; Angkee Sripakagorn, Chulalongkorn University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

only. Additionally, the final grade average was found topredominantly reflect the performances in lecture-based engineering courses.I. IntroductionThis paper originated during the ongoing process of program revisions in the Department ofMechanical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University (CU), Thailand. The current bachelor’s andgraduate programs have been in use since 2002 and are due for a major adjustment in 2011. Bothcurrent and proposed bachelor’s degree curricula are very traditionally structured as they are bestdescribed by a series of courses and the corresponding content [1].As the opening for formal curriculum flexibility is very limited due to the stringent requirementson compulsory courses and credits, as demanded by the Commission on

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Dahm, Rowan University; William Riddell, Rowan University; Tom Merrill, Rowan University; Leigh Weiss, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

open-endedprojects that reflect professional practice in the Junior and Senior years. Indeed, most Junior-and Senior-year projects are externally sponsored. The College of Engineering faculty believesthat this progression is logical, taking full advantage of project-based learning and allowingstudents to develop toward professional practice throughout their studies.Like many engineering programs, Rowan University is also striving to develop a sense ofentrepreneurship in their students. The College of Engineering has established a venture capitalfund that allows undergraduate students to pursue entrepreneurial ideas, and has been developingcontacts with faculty from the College of Business Administration. A recently developed techpark that is

Conference Session

Attracting Young MINDS in Engineering - Part I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Quintin Hughes, University of Oklahoma; Randa Shehab, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

3.5 or above) andreported math and science grades between “A” and “C” (18 of 19 students reporting “B’s” orgreater, 13 reported “A’s”). Figures 1 and 2 represent the samples of self-reported overall highschool GPAs and math and science course grades. These grades indicate a high level of overallhigh school academic and STEM achievement among this sample. Figures 1 and 2. High School GPA and Math and Science Grades. Page 15.1371.7 The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was used to measure the overall self-esteem of eachparticipant reflecting on their pre-college lives.6 On a scale of 0 to 30, participants reported amean self

Conference Session

Effective Methods for Recruiting Women to Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Manjusha Saraswathiamma, North Dakota State University; Kathy Enger, North Dakota State University; Canan Bilen-Green, North Dakota State University; Achinthya Bazebaruah, North Dakota State University; Bruce Schumacher, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

decision to study engineering. Anothersource of motivation was family support, followed by: mentors, teachers, role models, andfriends. The third most important influence was a desire to help people or community.However, upon further reflection, this translated into personality and personal passion.Opportunity to work was another significant factor. Females often entered the field afterlearning of the employment opportunities available to engineers. Financial security or jobsecurity ranked as average factors. Intrinsic motivators and self-confidence were of minorimportance to these females. Some females found inspiration in religious beliefs, and otherscited communication skill along with planning and hands-on work as factors influencing

Conference Session

Innovations in Civil Engineering Education II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen Sanford Bernhardt, Lafayette College; Steven Beyerlein, University of Idaho; Andrea Bill, University of Wisconsin; Shashi Nambisan, Iowa State University; Ida van Schalkwyk, Oregon State University; Rod Turochy, Auburn University; Rhonda Young, Texas Christian University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

getting faculty members to agreeon course outlines. At the conference, an attempt was made to determine instructor priorities forcourse topics in the first course on transportation engineering. Forty-three of the conferenceattendees participated in a survey that included 34 potential course topics. The attendees rankedeach topic on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest importance and 1 the lowest, in a mannersimilar to the 2004 survey of practitioners. Table 1 shows a list of the 20 highest ranked topics,along with the mean scores and standard deviations for the 43 survey responses. The survey wasintended to reflect whether a given course topic should be included but not necessarily to reflecton the extent, or depth, of the topic

Conference Session

Women in K-12 Engineeering & Outreach Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sharnnia Artis, The Ohio State University; Ruth Friedman, The Ohio State University; Glenda LaRue, The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

before engaging in the process of extracting visible DNA from strawberries. Rheology Activity: As part of the rheology activity, participants were introduced to the physical property viscosity before going outdoors and mixing together water and corn starch to create a substance that allowed them to “walk on water.” Ice Cream Activity: The participants had a follow-up activity to reflect on their visit to the Graeter’s ice cream facility. OSU graduate students in chemical engineering talked with the participants about the function of ice cream’s ingredients and what chemical engineers call the “unit operations” involved in manufacturing large-scale quantities of ice cream. Participants then developed their own

Conference Session

Writing and Communication II

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Luke Niiler; David Beams

implications andlimitations of the experiment as well as other effects that may have influenced the experimentalresults. This may reflect a lack of comprehension of the experiment on the part of the students.The juniors, like the freshmen, seemed quick to attribute discrepant results to human error or toresistor tolerances without a supporting rationale.The criteria for evaluation of style, format, and organization were as follows: • How well is the introduction written? • How well is the theory written? • How well were equations and mathematics presented? • How effectively were figures used? (This criterion includes both clarity of the figures and the quality of the

Conference Session

Undergraduate-Industry-Research Linkages

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Mark Maughmer

integration” isonly peripherally reflected in the NAE’s list. The “good understanding of design andmanufacturing processes” and “profound understanding of the importance of teamwork”important to industry are absent or muted on the NAE’s list.Table 1: Comparison between the Attributes of the Engineer from the mid-90s, and the 2004NAE vision of the attributes of the Engineer of 2020Boeing: Desired Attributes of the Engineer,15 NAE1 Attributes of the Engineer of 20201. A good understanding of engineering science 1. Strong Analytical Skills fundamentals: Mathematics (including statistics) , Physical 2. Practical Ingenuity and life sciences, and Information technology (far more 3. Creativity

Conference Session

Service Learning Projects

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

William Moeller; Margaret Pinnell; Bernard Amadei; Jay Shah; R. Scott Summers; Angela Bielefeldt; Robyn Sandekian

(Fall 2003); (2) Replace existing individual cesspools and septic systems in the community of Guadalupe, CO (Fall 2002); (3) Provide reliable water and sanitation for a primary school in Jalapa, Nicaragua (Fall 2002); (4) Provide treatment to achieve safely potable water for San Pablo, Belize (Fall 2001); (5) Provide treatment of animal manure to safely use as a soil amendment for growing human food crops in Mayapan, Belize (Fall 2001). Prof. Bielefeldt received a grant from the CU Service Learning Program to expand SL in this course. Of particular importance is having the students reflect on their experiences5,6. Future plans include expanding the multi-disciplinary nature of the course

Conference Session

New Approaches & Techniques in Engineering I

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Azzedine Lansari; Akram Al-Rawi, McKendree University; Faouzi Bouslama, Université Laval

staying focused on problem solving.The IS elective introduces students to object-oriented programming using COBOL, an alternativeprogramming language. In total, students will spend 30 semester hours between their freshmanand junior years learning problem solving and critical thinking. Figure 1 shows the adoptedsequence of courses4 from the first to the third year. The levels in problem solving and criticalthinking increase with the course content and this is reflected by the change in color in thediagram that lists the sequence. Page 10.1411.4 Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference &

Conference Session

Robotics in Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carlotta Berry, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Follow Center and Follow Robot behaviors.As part of each week‟s lab report, the student was to reflect on the essential theory, challengesencountered, how to address these challenges and how to improve the robot‟s behavior and/orlaboratory assignment. a. Follow Center b. Follow Robot Figure 2: Sample Robot BehaviorsIn spring 2009, the students were provided with starter Visual C# code for motor and servocontrol and polling sensor data from the Serializer including the IR sensors, sonar, thermopilearray, compass, line following sensor and pushbuttons. The starter code was provided in theform of a GUI with the underlying code. Figure 3 presents a sample of two of the GUIS that

Conference Session

Retention Strategies in Action Part I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amelito Enriquez, Canada College

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

) 7 28.0% 7 28.0% Mechanical 3 12.0% 3 12.0% Undecided 8 32.0% 8 32.0% Other (Landscape Architecture) 0 0.0% 1 4.0% Total 25 25The failure of the SEI program to achieve its primary goal of recruiting students into engineeringis also reflected in Table 11. Although student enthusiasm for the program increasedsignificantly, there was a statistically significant decrease in student confidence that the Institutewill help them select an appropriate engineering major. The

Conference Session

Curriculum in Mechanical Engineering Technology: Part I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

N.M. Hossain, Eastern Washington University; Jason Durfee, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

strength and constituent moduli the same, different composite strengths can be achieved by varying fiber volume fraction (Vf). This point is also addressed in Figure 14(b). • The composite modulus (Ec) and longitudinal strength (σl) varies linearly with fiber volume fraction (Vf), as shown in Figure 14. It simply means, if Ec = 70 GPa Page 15.1201.14 and σl = 1 GPa for Vf = 30%, then Ec and σl should be approximately 140 GPa and 2 GPa, respectively for Vf = 60%. This argument is well reflected in Figure 14.Figure 14: Variation of composite modulus and

Conference Session

Early Engineering Design Experiences

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kala Meah, York College of Pennsylvania; Timothy Garrison, York College of Pennsylvania; James Kearns, York College of Pennsylvania; Gregory Link, York College of Pennsylvania; Laura Garrison, York College of Pennsylvania; Wayne Blanding, York College of Pennsylvania; Emine Celik, York College of Pennsylvania; Jennifer Dawson, York College of Pennsylvania; Stephen Kuchnicki, York College of Pennsylvania; Barry McFarland, York College of Pennsylvania

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

surveyed twice. First, they were surveyed during the freshmanorientation before they took the course. The second time they were surveyed was when theyfinished their freshman year (FY), right after the taking this course. The student feedback aftercompleting the design project is taken as a reflection of the students’ observations about thecourse and engineering.Fig. 10 shows the results for intended student majors during the open house orientation (thestudents’ entering majors) and the actual major after completing the freshman year. Duringorientation there were no non-engineering majors, but 6% of the students who completed thedesign project either declared to pursue other disciplines or came from other disciplines. Thedata shows that some

Conference Session

Curriculum Innovation & Assessment

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard Smith; Kevin Craig; Pamela Theroux

, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. A considerable body of research has shown that learning is significantly enhanced when students engage all of these cognitive processes5,7.Background on RensselaerRensselaer’s commitment to student-centered learning and its innovation in undergraduateengineering education is well known. Between 1993 and 1998, Rensselaer won the Pew Awardfor the Renewal of Undergraduate Education, the Boeing Outstanding Education Award, and theTheodore Hesburgh Award for Faculty Development, the only technological university to win allthree of these prestigious honors. Crossing low walls between schools, and combining thetraditional laboratory-centered education with

Conference Session

Technical Papers

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dana Denick, Drexel University; Jay Bhatt, Drexel University; Bradley Layton, Drexel University (Eng.)

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

also mixed results from the selected-response assessment regarding information literacy competencies. This evaluation was tied to Standards 1 and 2. Students demonstrated varying levels of competency in understanding the various formats and types of engineering information resources. While most students were able to navigate a variety of information retrieval systems, we would have preferred for at least 85% of students show proficiency in each of the performance indicators listed in Table 7. It was difficult to ascertain if the results from the Page 15.278.13 selected-response assessment accurately reflected the students

Conference Session

Learning by Doing

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James O'Brien, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

. 2007School Program The participants attend to whatever subject questions the students have. Most of the time is spent helping the students with Math, Science, and English, and occasionally, with Spanish and their Senior projects.Sophomore Students live in the same residence hall, where they attend weekly seminars toService 2006 discuss/study their service learning. Students must take at least one Service LearningLearning course as well as the one credit reflection seminar. Students offer weekly service.Community VESTED is an exposure and enrichment program whereby students receive

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele Dischino, Central Connecticut State University; Nidal Al-Masoud, Central Connecticut State University; Peter Baumann, Central Connecticut State University; Viatcheslav Naoumov, Central Connecticut State University; Zdzislaw Kremens, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

/career/62315/mommas-dont-let-their-babies-grow-be-engineers.7. National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators, 2008. Volume 1. NSB-08-01. 2008, National Science Foundation: Arlington, VA.8. National Center for Education Statistics, Highlights From PISA 2006: Performance of U.S. 15-Year-Old Students in Science and Mathematics Literacy in an International Context. NCES 2008-016. 2007, U.S. Department of Education: Washington, DC.9. Richard Walton, Heidegger in the Hands-on Science and Technology Center: Philosophical Reflections on Learning in Informal Settings. Journal of Technology Education, v12 n1 p49-60 Fall 2000, 2000.10. Databytes: Bachelor's Breakdown. American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

Technological Literacy and K-12 Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vaneshette Henderson, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge; Kelly Rusch, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge; Brenda Nixon, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge; Warren Waggenspack, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

residents. Thedemographics of enrolled undergraduate students at LSU do not reflect the population ofLouisiana. Only 8.5% and 16% of the undergraduate engineering students enrolled at LSU areminorities and females respectively.Participant Application Selection ProcessParticipants of HSTEAP consisted of mathematics and science teacher pairs with each paircoming from the same high school. The participants for the first year program were recruitedthrough various media, organizations and agencies, including the Office for Diversity Programs,The LSU CAIN Center,Louisiana Science TeachersAssociation, LouisianaAssociation of Teachers ofMathematics, informationalmagazines, newsletters,listserves, websites and bydirect mail to high schools inLouisiana. The

Conference Session

Technological Literacy and the Educated Person

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Heywood, Trinity College Dublin

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

sense embodying thematerials of them all.” 19This activity is what Newman called liberal knowledge and Page 15.491.5at other times, as Culler notes, philosophy, philosophia prima, Architectonic scienceor Science of the Sciences. He did not pursue this concept in any great detail, but inthe today’s jargon it would seem to be a reflective activity of synthesis. An ability tobring all the parts together in order to make a judgement for which reason the subjectsof the curriculum cannot be taught as entities isolated from each other. Theconsequences of this capability for the educated person so produced were set down byNewman in the oft quoted statement about

Conference Session

Developing Young MINDS in Engineering - Part II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia Finelli, University of Michigan; Lorelle Meadows, University of Michigan; David Lorch, University of Michigan; Cinda-Sue Davis, University of Michigan; Guy Meadows, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

not reflect the typical enteringstudent body in CoE. Although all students admitted to the M-STEM Academy had beenadmitted to the U-M CoE based on the merits of their high school performance, students in the Page 15.191.3M-STEM Academy had slightly lower high school GPAs and scores on both ACT and SAT teststhan did the general first year engineering student body. Note, too, that the M-STEM Academycomprises a higher fraction of underrepresented students, by far, than does the general first yearengineering student body. There are nearly 40% women in M-STEM versus 22% women in thefirst year engineering student body, 19% versus 2% black students