Conference Session

Pedagogical Approaches in Construction Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jiong Hu, Texas State University, San Marcos; Araceli Martinez Ortiz, Texas State University, San Marcos; Vedaraman Sriraman, Texas State University, San Marcos

Tagged Divisions

Construction

&McTaggart [20] was utilized to guide implementation of the research presented in this case Page 24.707.7study: 1) [carry] out a plan of action to improve what is already happening, 2) [take] actionto implement the plan, 3) observe the effects of action in the context in which it occurs, and4) reflect on these effects as a basis for further planning, and subsequent action.Research QuestionsOne of the goals of this research project was to investigate the effects of new formativeand summative assessment instruments upon student learning in the PBL-infused course.These instruments were designed and incorporated in the third offering of the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Marisa Wolsky, WGBH Educational Foundation; Christine Andrews Paulsen, Concord Evaluation Group; Tamecia R. Jones, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

motivation to keep building and sharing.AcknowledgementThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.1129342. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in thismaterial are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NationalScience Foundation.References 1. Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor. (2006). Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition, Bulletin 2800. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Page 24.746.13 2. National Science Foundation. (2006). Science and Engineering Degrees: 1966–2004

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sangarappillai Sivaloganathan, United Arab Emirates University; Ali H. Al-Marzouqi, United Arab Emirates University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

program with internationalreferees’ comments and wider coverage. After running the program for five years andcreating an alumni constituency the college rationalised the program with 11 courseswith a total of 33 credits. The program has become more popular after the change andthis is reflected on the rapidly increasing number of student enrolment.Product Design and Development is a main provision of the Master of EngineeringManagement program. Students taking the program come from a wide variety ofbackgrounds. The challenge therefore lies with the delivery of the course content.A delivery method with three parts: (i) teaching the design process consisting ofdesign models, methods, approaches and outputs (ii) using the techniques to designand

Conference Session

Research Experience in Stormwater Management

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Walter McDonald, Virginia Tech; Randel L. Dymond, Virginia Tech; Vinod K. Lohani, Virginia Tech; Daniel S. Brogan, Virginia Tech; Debarati Basu, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

24.761.14finding, and conclusion or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the author (s)and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.References[1] Clark, H., McDonald, W., Raamanathan, H., Brogan, D., Lohani, V.K., Dymond, R. (2013). “Investigating theResponse of the Stroubles Creek Watershed to Acute Toxicity Events via Real-Time Data Analysis.” 2013 NSFREU Proceedings. Blacksburg, VA, p. 15.[2] Rai, A., Brogan, D., Guest, A., and Lohani, V.K., (2013). “A LabVIEW Enabled Weather Monitoring SystemWith an Interactive Database.” 2013 NSF REU Proceedings. Blacksburg, VA, p. 15.[3] Martinez, M., Bradner, A., Brogan, D., Rogers, M., Delgoshaei, P., and Lohani, V.K., (2012). “Study andApplication of a Real-Time

Conference Session

Research Experience in Stormwater Management

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Walter McDonald, Virginia Tech; Randel L. Dymond, Virginia Tech; Vinod K. Lohani, Virginia Tech; Daniel S. Brogan, Virginia Tech; Richard Lee Clark Jr., Virginia Western Community College

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

conclusion or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the author(s)and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.References[1] Delgoshaei, P., (2012). “Design and Implementation of a Real-Time Environmental Monitoring Lab withApplications in Sustainability Education.” Ph.D. Dissertation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,Blacksburg VA.[2] Dymond, R., Lohani, V.K., Brogan, D., and Martinez, M., (2013). “Integration of a Real-Time Water andWeather Monitoring System into a Hydrology Course.” Proc. 120th ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition.Atlanta, GA.[3] Lohani, V.K., Delgohaei, P., Green, C., (2009). “Integrating LabVIEW and Real-Time Monitoring intoEngineering Instruction.” Proc. 2009

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andres L. Carrano, Auburn University; Wendy A. Dannels, Rochester Institute of Technology (NTID); Matthew M. Marshall, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE)

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

the National Science Foundationunder Grant No. DUE-1141076. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendationsexpressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of theNational Science Foundation.References1. Pagliaro, C.M. (2010). Mathematics instruction and learning of deaf and hard-of-hearing students: what do we know? Where do we go? In Marschark and Spencer (Eds), Oxford handbook of deaf studies, language, and education, volume 1 (pp. 156-171). New York: Oxford University Press.2. Marschark, M. and Everhart, V.S. (1999). Problem-solving by deaf and hearing students: Twenty questions. Deafness and Education International, 1(2), 65-82.3. Luckner, J.L. and McNeill, J.H

Conference Session

Innovations in Electrical Engineering Courses

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ron J. Pieper, University of Texas, Tyler; Wudyalew T. Wondmagegn, Frostburg State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

text showing a instructor message on the board in a classroomtype setting with an audience of two: an antenna engineer and optical engineer. The antennaengineer expresses surprise “Is that all, I can’t believe it” while the optical engineer issupposedly not surprised as he is shown in a “snooze” state. Although the cartoon is probably notintended to be taken too seriously, it does reflect the typical level of emphasis given in these twodisciplines for the use of the Fourier Transform in problem solving. This conclusion is supportedby reference to a sample of four highly respected texts in the areas of electromagnetic fields andantennas5,16,17,18. In three5,16,18 of the four the Fourier approach is not mentioned. In the fourthcase17 it is

Conference Session

Structural Education Topics in Architectural Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keith E. Hedges, Drury University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

architectural structures course. Aquantitative analysis of unobtrusive data describes thirty-one second-year architecture studentsstudying in either a traditional associationist-behaviorist course content sequence or a reversecontent parti pris cognitive sequence at an institute of higher education rooted in the liberal arts.The findings indicate that the parti pris pedagogy improves student performance in non-graphical multiple-choice examinations. The educational lessons learned offer reflections in theareas of instruction, content, and student outcomes.Introduction “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.” – Albert Einstein.Society thinks of education as a gateway to success, but sometimes education does not reach

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Seda Yilmaz, Iowa State University; Kathryn Jablokow, Pennsylvania State University; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Eli M. Silk, University of Michigan; Meisha Nicole Berg, Iowa State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

adaptive ideation behavior, and the other to encourage more innovative ideation behaviors57. Students were randomly assigned to one of the two problem frames, with half of each experimental group assigned to each framing.• Ideation in Teams: Students were put into two-person teams (dyads). Each team was given another design problem58 that neither student was exposed to previously. They were asked to design together, but record (sketch and document the details) separately.• Ideation with Design Heuristics: Students were given the same set of ten (of 77) Design Heuristics cards and asked to apply the cards while solving a given design problem.• Reflection Surveys: At the end of each intervention, students were asked to

Conference Session

Engineering Leadership Development Constituent Committee Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Megan Kenny Feister, Purdue University; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Patrice Marie Buzzanell, Purdue University, West Lafayette; William C. Oakes, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Qin Zhu, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

members.AcknowledgementThis work was made possible by a grant from the National Science Foundation (DUE-112374).Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are thoseof the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.References[1] Gouran, D. S. (2003). Leadership as the art of counteractive influence in decision-making and problem-solving groups. Small group communication theory & practice: An anthology, 172-183.[2] Baker, D. C. (1990). A qualitative and quantitative analysis of verbal style and the elimination of potential leaders in small groups. Communication Quarterly, 38(1), 13-26.[3] Taggar, S., Hackew, R., & Saha, S. (1999). Leadership emergence in

Conference Session

FPD 4: Peers and Perceptions

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sudhir Kaul, Western Carolina University; Robert D. Adams, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

possible that eachgroup designated one specific member as the report writer. Individual reports on project status aswell as reflection essays could be assigned in the future in order to enhance the achievement ofthis outcome. This needs to be investigated further since improving written communication skillsis an important learning outcome of this course that is expected to be strengthened through thePBL course sequence.4. Discussion and ConclusionsThe investigation of learning outcomes in this paper provides an interesting insight into studentperceptions about an important introductory course for engineering students. Student self-assessment of each outcome is seen to correlate with the results from direct assessment.Particularly, it is observed

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven J Henderson, U.S. Military Academy; Kenneth McDonald P.E., Dept of Systems Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

the level of interaction between the students and the teacherat any given point in time. This is measured as the fraction of time students are talking about theclass material versus the fraction of time the teacher is lecturing about the material. In ourenvironment, we believe the ideal distribution is one skewed toward the student doing most oftalking as they reflect, ask questions, collaborate and discuss the lesson’s topics. Althoughlimited periods of pure lecture are inevitable, this same ideal environment would have theteacher lecture less (thus the origin of our system’s name).Each of the assessment model dimensions are self-reported by the student using a coded Likert-scale. Comprehension ranges from “I’m Lost” (0) to “I Understand

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Florian Misoc, Southern Polytechnic State University; Jeff Wagner, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

/laboratory experience gained by EE and EET students in the respective USuniversities. Previous research has determined that the practicum/laboratory experience isinstrumental in the graduates’ professional development, and it is one of the main criteria usedby employers to hire graduates from EE and/or EET programs. Consequently, laboratory contentin a Power Electronics course is directly related, and reflects the state of current focus of EE andEET programs in the United States of America.Thus, there is an implicit perception in the industry that graduates from EE and EET programswith no laboratory/practicum component on the power electronics course are less competitive ascompared to graduates where the laboratory/practicum is already implemented

Conference Session

Global Competency and What Makes a Successful Engineer

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert J. Gustafson, Ohio State University; Miriam Regina Simon, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

International

. 107-22, 2006.[3] G. M. Warnick, P. P. Magleby and B. E. Nelson, "Developing a Pervasive, College-wide Approach to Integrating Achievement of Global Competence into the Curriculum," American Society for Engineering Education AC 2012-4834, San Antonio, TX, 2012.[4] S. Klein-Gardner and A. Walker, "Defining Global Competence for Engineering Students," American Society for Engineering Education AC 2011-1072, VanCouver, BC, CA, 2011.[5] I. T. B. Clarke, N. D. Wright and R. M. McMillen, "Student Intercultural Proficiency from Study Abroad Programs," Jornal of Marketing Edcuation, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 173-81, 2009.[6] T. Williams, "The Reflective Method of Intercultural Competency: A Multidimensional, Qualitative Approach

Conference Session

Assessment

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mysore Narayanan, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Gardner promotes what is known aseducation for understanding. Further, one should make sure that the assessment and evaluationis completely holistic (Gardner, 1993). This ensures that student success outcomes are exactlydetermined and is measured accurately (Armstrong, 1994). Many scholars have alsorecommended and supported a value-added concept of education by doing assessments before,during, and after a course (Barr & Tagg, 1995). In his book Learning Paradigm College JohnTagg identifies essential features for generating such a paradigm and provides a flexible guideand a blueprint for implementing specific changes (Tagg 2003). It is important that the aims and objectives of discovery approach are reflected in everyaspect of the

Conference Session

It's Elementary

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eduardo Alfonso Suescun-Florez, Polytechnic Institute of New York University; Ryan Francis Cain, PS 3 The Bedford Village School; Vikram Kapila, Polytechnic Institute of New York University; Magued G. Iskander P.E., Polytechnic Institute of New York University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

their favorite aspect of thescience course. The classroom teacher believed that concepts learned in soil mechanics weremore memorable to the students than those encountered in a traditional class. Finally, we believethat the opportunity for elementary school students to interact closely with goal-oriented rolemodels, who are studying engineering, will help them to develop academic goals for themselves.5. Reflections, Sustainability, and Conclusions The observations on student engagement from the Fellow and classroom teacher arelargely positive for both science and math lessons. The students were reported to be eager toparticipate in the lesson and actively encourage other classmates to join. They attentively listenedto the lesson

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University; Mehmet Ayar, TUBITAK; Dennie L. Smith, Texas A&M University; Christine Ehlig-Economides, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, or recommendation presented are thoseof the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.References[1] Sadler, T. D. (2009). Situated learning in science education: Socio-scientific issues as contexts for practice. Studies in Science Education, 45(1), 1-42.[2] Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: learning, meaning, and identity, Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.[3] Wenger, E., White, N., Smith, J., & Rowe, K. (2005). Technology for communities. Retrieved from http://technologyforcommunities.com/[4] Yalvac, B., Ehlig-Economides, C., Brooks, L. A., & Smith, D., (2009, July). An international, interdisciplinary, and dynamic approach to teaching energy utilization and

Conference Session

Potpourri Design

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Michael Van Wie; Kristin Wood; Robert Stone; Julie Linsey; Matthew Green

current procedure of measuring novelty only at the concept level is not adequate. Noveltymust be measured at both the concept and the functional level, because important novelty at onelevel is not necessarily reflected at the other. A particular solution to a single function can benovel without producing a novel concept, and conversely a novel arrangement of low-noveltyfunctional solutions can result in a concept with high novelty. A revision of the novelty scaleand procedure is anticipated. A deeper understanding of what is meant by novelty is needed.6. Conclusions and Future WorkThis paper provides an important initial starting point for understanding the effects of functionalmodeling on the design process. An experiment was preformed to

Conference Session

Innovation for ChE Student Learning

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

William Willette; Larry White; Garry White

student whatchanges the working world requires. For this method, the premise is that good technical writingis a skill best learned by practice (29).This method is not overly time consuming for me. Each draft takes less than 5 minutes to editand the final submission is about a half page. The grade is given only to the final submissionwith no reflection on how many times it was submitted and corrected. Hence, if a student workshard enough he/she will get a “100” on the e-mail portion of the assignment.Most of the editing is to remove unnecessary words and replace with simple words. Wholestatements are removed that “go without saying” or contain information the addressee (as statedin the scenario) already knows. Also removed are excessive details

Conference Session

Innovative Graduate Programs & Methods

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Suzanne Brainard; Sheila Edwards Lange; Elizabeth Litzler

experiencesoutside the classroom, graduate student experiences and the academic workplace for femalefaculty and administrators[11-13]. A chilly climate is defined by the isolation, subtlediscrimination and persistent micro-inequities experienced by women and underrepresentedgroups in academic settings. Hall and Sandler identified behaviors that overlook, ignore,discount or single out women, and reflect preconceived ideas about the ability of women tosucceed in academic settings[13].Numerous reports and research studies have shown that the paucity of women in STEM coupledwith the culture of science can create a climate that surpasses chilly to be frigid for women inthose disciplines[6, 14-18]. The climate in science departments continues to be based

Conference Session

K-12 Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

William Jordan; Rosalind Hale; Renee Akbar; Ramona Travis; John Fulwiler

Administration. All Rights Reserved. This manuscript is a joint work of employees of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and employees of Xavier University of Louisiana and Louisiana TechUniversity under Contract/Grant No. NNS04AB58Aservice teachers toured Stennis’ facilities, interacted with NASA scientists, and utilized theSpace Center’s Educational Resource Center in the development of the problem-based lessons.The CurriculumEach PSTI offers a curriculum that is reflective of their Center’s mission. Stennis Space Centeris responsible for NASA’s rocket propulsion testing and for applied sciences related to geospatialtechnologies, which served as the framework for the Institute’s curriculum. The curriculum wasdesigned to provide pre

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

David Ollis

, procedures, conclusions • Graphics: important diagrams of lab work • Show and tell: tools, parts, functioning of parts- in short, any demonstration that may help us to understand machine better • Calculations: choose 3 problems and explain calculations and significance of problemWritten work to be handed in the day of oral presentation- all members of group • Notebook with diagrams and procedures- in Spanish if possible • Calculations • Short essay on cultural importance of this technology: how technology reflects time, place, and people Students were encouraged to be creative in demonstrations and graphicspresentations. Vocabulary explanations and handouts were always

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Chiu Choi

4.30effectivelyI found this class to be 4.73 4.21 4.21 4.24challengingThe first survey question in the table measures the enthusiasm about the course content. Thesecond question includes the evaluation of practical design examples. The third question reflectsthe coverage of complex concepts and ideas. The fourth question includes the students’ opinionson MATLAB, which is the major instructional tool in that course. The last question reflects thelevel of difficulty of this course. The evaluation for this course is better than those of theDepartment’s, the College’s and the University’s. The evaluation was actually among the highestin that semester. This infers that a course with complex concepts can generate high

Conference Session

Nanomaterials for Learners of All Ages!

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Jacqueline Isaacs

the vocabulary (jargon) of the other disciplines • Judge potential environmental impacts of nanomanufacturing • Consider the regulatory issues that may affect nanomanufacturing • Reflect on the ethical ramifications that may result from the applications of nanotechnologiesBased on the current response, the seminar course will be offered again in spring 2007.Graduate-level Courses: Round IIA three-credit senior elective/graduate course, “Introduction to Nanomanufacturing,” has been scheduledas for fall 2005. The course will be offered jointly between the three universities, with one-fourth of thecontent assigned to each institution and the remaining fourth allotted for societal impact issues. Table 4presents the preliminary content

Conference Session

College Engineering K-12 Outreach III

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

William Carlsen; Robin Tallon; Phil Henning; Nicola Ferralis; Leanne Avery; Daniel Haworth; Elana Chapman

activity in language and terms that schoolstudents can grasp. These changes in representational practice are reflected in the use ofa variety of social and artifactual communicative resources. Here the authors aresuggesting that gains in these areas are not simply indicated by the results of surveys orshort answers, but are demonstrated in practice by school students and by graduatescience students.For both indicators given above (evaluation of project activity areas in reference to thecommunity of practice of participants and evaluation of changes in the quality ofrepresentational practice of school and graduate science students in the areas impacted bya STEM outreach project) the fine-grained methods of qualitative evaluation work to anadvantage

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching/Learning Strategies

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert Simoneau; Mary deManbey; Karen Wosczyna-Birch

“Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition 1Copyright ÆÉ 2005, American Society for Engineering Education”Advanced Technology, the Office of Workforce Competiveness and educational institutions thatinclude the technical high schools and four year colleges and universities in New England.The ultimate goal of the initial NSF ATE grant was to develop educational leadership throughthese activities so that educators not only gained additional knowledge, but that they could affectpermanent change in the classroom which reflected current workplace practices. This report willshow what succeeded and what could have been done differently as the grant evolved. Thelessons learned from this process can

Conference Session

Assessment Issues in 1st-Yr Engineering

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Edward Evans; Sandra Spickard Prettyman; Helen Qammar

respective project.How First-Year Students LearnedThe final objective of our study was to compare differences in how the SL and CL students learn.We performed a content analysis of the reflective journals submitted during the latter weeks ofthe semester and after the completion of the team projects. We categorized the responses basedon five elements from the NRC report, How People Learn8 including 1) Learner’s beliefs abouttheir ability to learn, 2) Learning can be strengthened through collaboration, 3) Awareness andself-monitoring of learning, 4) Knowledge is structured around major concepts and principlesand 5) Learning is shaped by the context in which it appears. In evaluating their journalresponses we looked for instances in which the students

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade for Research

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Terry Wildman; Kumar Mallikarjunan; Mark Sanders; Jeffrey Connor; Vinod Lohani

, the VTeP was integrated into the in fall 2004 first semester EngineeringExploration (EngE1024) course with the goals of helping the students see the relevance of allengineering coursework, providing a foundation for life-long learning through reflection, andsetting the stage for the thoughtful collection of artifacts to support both student learning andprogram assessment. We believe this to be the largest single application of e-portfolios inengineering instruction. A companion paper gives details of e-portfolio experiences in fall ‘045.Engineering Education New Student SurveyThe Engineering Education New Student Survey is a locally-developed, on-going study ofstudents’ academic backgrounds prior to enrolling at Virginia Tech as well as the

Conference Session

Teaching Outside the Box in Civil Engineering

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Zhiyong Zhao; Joe Hagerty; J. P. Mohsen

cases. Some presenters were given high scores for educational quality but somewhat lowerscores for quality of presentation. Apparently, not everyone has mastered all of the audiovisuals arts. Overall scoresdo not reflect an average of scores in the other aspects, in most cases. Totals of scores were compiled for eachaspect column for each case, as shown. Average ratings have been tabulated in the results at the bottoms of theaspect columns, and ranks have been established for the cases, as shown.Case L of I True to f Educ Q Qaul P overall Case L of I True to f Educ Q Qaul P overall1 10 10 10 9 10 2 6 8 7 8 8

Conference Session

Lessons from Entrepreneurship Programs

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Michael Moore; Mary Raber

engineers andscientists to (re)present their design, communication, and collaborative experiences in academicand professional contexts. For the purposes of this class, your Enterprise Professional Portfoliooption will include these process steps: Selection, Design, Reflection, Assessment andPresentationSelectionThis is where you decide what to include in your Enterprise Professional Portfolio. Since alleffective professional documents are audience-based, you’ll need to decide first who yourprimary and secondary readers are going to be, and all subsequent decisions will be based on theneeds and expectations of those particular audiences. In general, you might consider a range ofexamples that showcase oral, written, visual, technological, and design