Collection

2021 ASEE North Central Section Conference

Authors

Craig J. Gunn, Michigan State University

Paper ID #35044Aiming for a System that Provides Closer to 100% of a Student’s NeedsMr. Craig J. Gunn, Michigan State University Craig Gunn is the Director of the Communication Program in the Department of Mechanical Engineer- ing at Michigan State University. He integrates communication skill activity into all courses within the mechanical Engineering program. He has co-authored numerous textbooks, including - Engineering Your Future. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Aiming for a System that Provides Closer to 100% of a Student’s NeedsOver the

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amjad Zaim, University of Texas-Brownsville; Mahmoud Quweider, University of Texas-Brownsville

currently in the database and to load a new database where aset of different users have been previously stored. The enrollment module also allowssimultaneous visualization of the users. In addition, the enrollment also facilitatesactivation and deactivation of users from two lists of active and inactive users (Fig. 3).b) Iris Recognition ModuleAuthentication:Once the users have been manually entered and their iris signature have been generatedand associated with their record, the system is ready to identify new unknown usersthrough the Authentication button (Fig. 3). This option again prompts an incoming user,who has not yet been identified, to look directly into the camera so that his/her irissignature can be obtained. At this point, the Signature

Conference Session

Assessing Design Coursework I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Ringenberg, University of Michigan; Elliot Soloway, University of Michigan; David Chesney, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

this will be explored.Bibliography1. Torvi, D.A., “Engineering Graduate Teaching Assistant Instructional Programs: Training Tomorrow’s Faculty Members”, Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 83, no. 4, 1994.2. Davis, S. and Kring, J., “A Model for Training and Evaluating Graduate Teaching Assistants”, College Student Journal, vol. 35, no. 1, 2001.3. Wright, M., “Teaching Effectively with GSI-Faculty Teams”, CRLT Occasional Papers, University of Michigan, No. 21, 2005.4. Baburao, B., Visco, D., and Swaminathan, S., “Graduate Students as Co-Instructors for an Undergraduate Course: Implementation and Assessment”, Proceedings of the 2006 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition

Conference Session

Who Should Teach the BOK

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Randel Dymond, Virginia Tech; Howell Simmons, Paciulli, Simmons & Associates; Derrick Cave, Kimley-Horn Assoc.; Robert Jansen, KB Home

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

further developed by ASCE Committees. In its own way, all three of these themesare being developed by the LDDI with regards to the land development area of civil engineering.The BOK Committee has developed 15 outcomes to define the “what” dimension of the civilengineering BOK (see Appendix A). Eleven of these are taken directly from the AccreditationBoard for Engineering and Technology (ABET) and four other outcomes were developed by thecommittee. In a similar vein, the LDDI group collectively established a list of desired knowledgefor civil engineering graduates that would like to enter the land development field (Appendix B).These topics were generalized into seven categories (Planning, Design, Surveying, Environmentalrequirements, Construction

Conference Session

Instrumentation and Laboratory Systems

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Minh Cao, Wichita State University; John Watkins, Wichita State University; Richard O'Brien, U.S. Naval Academy

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

., “A Novel Approach to Control Systems laboratory,” Proceeding of the 2003ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, Washington, DC, November, 2004.5. N. S. Nise, Control Systems Engineering, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000.6. K. Ogata, Modern Control Engineering, 4th Edition, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 2002.7. R. C. Dorf and R. H. Bishop, Modern Control System, 9th Edition, Prentice-hall, New Jersey, 2001.8. R. C. Garcia and B. S. Heck, “An Interactive Tool for Classical Control Design Education,” Proceeding of theAmerican Control Conference, pp. 1460-1464, San Diego, CA, June 1999.9. R. T. O’Brien, Jr. and J. M. Watkins, “A Streamlined Approach for Teaching Root Locus Compensator Design

Conference Session

Instrumentation and Controls Laboratories

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faramarz Mossayebi, Youngstown State University; Frank Li, Youngstown State University; Eric Lombardo, YSU; CHITRA RAJAGOPAL, Kent State University, Tuscarawas Campus

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

are needed to see this picture. (b) Figure 2. (a) Screen shot of the Altera® SOPC builder, the Nios II processor, (b) Micro- controller block diagram.The temperature is measured with an Analog Devices TMP37 analog temperature sensor. Ananalog to digital converter from Analog Devices, AD7821, is used to convert the analogtemperature reading into a parallel digital signal. The heating element, as mentioned earlier, is amodified hair dryer. The hair drier is modified such that the high and low settings can be toggledon and off through the use of relays. The “cooling elements” are simple 80 mm 12 VDC fans.Two fans used are, one blowing air into the enclosure and

Conference Session

ASCE Policy 465: Raising the Bar

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig Musselman, CMA Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

profession and those who regulate the engineering profession, not ABET, to set the required body of knowledge. ABET cannot do what is beyond its scope of authority. Even if ABET could require universities to increase their credit requirements for a bachelor’s degree, the resulting five-year or longer bachelor’s programs would provide far less flexibility than B+M/30, at substantially greater cost to students, and would significantly increase the potential for decreased enrollments. It is difficult to create for any constituency a rationale as to why this would be preferable to the proposed B+M/30 requirements.6. What are some of the implications of these changes for engineering education in the US?First, it should be recognized that this

Conference Session

Laboratory Development and Technology in the Civil Engineering Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Hernandez, Michigan Technological University; Stanley Vitton, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

they have learned.A Proposed Workshop ModelThe issue of what should or should not be included in the soil mechanics curriculum (includingthe lab portion) has long been debated. Karl Terzaghi’s7 opening comments to the FirstInternational Conference of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Design contained a number ofimportant and challenging statements dealing with the teaching of soil mechanics—many ofthese issues are relevant today as they were in 1936.While it is beyond the scope of this paper to address these issues, it might be sufficient to quoteJ. B. Burland8 from his Nash lecture on his personal view on the teaching of soil mechanics whostrongly suggested that the profession reread Terzaghi’s comments on the teaching of soilmechanics and cited

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technical Session: The Art of Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Maria-Isabel Carnasciali, University of New Haven; Eric A. Dieckman, University of New Haven; Ismail I Orabi, University of New Haven; Samuel D. Daniels P.E., University of New Haven

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Communication Skills in Engineering Students Paper presented at 2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Indianapolis, Indiana. https://peer.asee.org/200603. Erdil, N. O., & Harichandran, R. S., & Collura, M. A., & Nocito-Gobel, J., & Adams, D. J., & Simson, A. (2016, June), Preliminary Assessment of and Lessons Learned in PITCH: an Integrated Approach to Developing Technical Communication Skills in Engineers Paper presented at 2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, New Orleans, Louisiana. 10.18260/p.259444. Randi, J., & Harichandran, R. S., & Levert, J. A., & Karimi, B. (2018, June), Improving Senior Design Proposals Through Revision by Responding to Reviewer Comments Paper presented at 2018

Conference Session

First-year Programs Division: Online Learning

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Jane Grigg, Clemson University; Elizabeth Anne Stephan, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

(b) notbeing able to differentiate between essential and non-essential information [13]. The PREPmodule provides a clear structure to help students determine the "essential" course components.Widespread implementation resulted in several minor modifications, especially concerning theweighing of grades and use of pre-requisites; however, the core structure remained consistentthroughout all sections of the courses and instructors saw value in its use. Instructors appreciatethe structure and it has helped to establish a clear timeline for course content delivery. One ofour new instructors provided a review of the (PREP)ARE module structure saying, "as anonboarding professor, it was very helpful to have this material selected a priori. It helped

Conference Session

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies - Bring Your Own Experiment

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacob Bishop, University of Nebraska, Kearney

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

the significant community that provides countless tutorialsand other support. This worked well for acquiring the raw data from the testing machine, butdid not allow for easy interface, real-time data visualization, or standalone operation. In orderto provide these features, a Raspberry Pi model B+ was used, together with a small seven-inchmonitor. Data from the Arduino was transferred via the serial interface over a standard USBport to the Raspberry Pi. At about $25 USD, the seven-inch monitor provided just enoughviewing area, but also low power consumption. A list of the electronics used for this projectis shown in Table , with the electronics for this prototype totaling approximately $166 USD.3.1 Optical Rotary EncoderThe rotary encoder

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Outreach and Early Transdisciplinary Courses

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pramod Rajan, Laboratory for Innovative Technology & Engineering Education (LITEE); P.K. Raju, Auburn University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

various engineering fields and the film andmedia industries. Members of the judging panel considered the following criteria in making theirselections: a) Creativity in the content selection and presentation; b) Anticipated breadth of public appeal and interest; and c) Effectiveness in highlighting how achieving one or more of the NAE Grand Challenges for Engineering will lead to a more sustainable, healthy, secure, and/or joyous world.7Classroom implementation The E4U2 video project was implemented in a BET class at Auburn University in spring2015. The class had a total of 29 students of which 18 were pursuing engineering and 11 werebusiness majors. In the beginning of the semester, the class was divided into six teams

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Design in the Classroom

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dean Kim, Bradley University; Martin Morris, Bradley University; Richard Deller, Bradley University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. Page 12.132.6 1) Perform the initial steps as described in previous section (August) 2) Finalize frame design (by December 5th) – May need several iterations of these steps a) Obtain steel (hopefully, it will be donated) b) Draw new frame on paper c) Represent frame in drafting software d) Construct PVC tube model e) Perform necessary stress analysis using software - Figure 2 shows the model of the entire Baja car as drawn in the design software. f) Be clear how all other components (e.g. engine, drivetrain, steering, brakes) will fit on this new frame 3) Finish primary frame construction (by January 15th) a) Cut/bend/cope the steel pieces b) Use tack welds

Conference Session

Potpourri Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Davids, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University-Prescott; Heidi Steinhauer, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University-Prescott

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

same color badge. Tables weredesignated for each group with a matching color sign.As previously mentioned, the event consisted of two parts. The first part was a teamrace modeled after “The Amazing Race” television show. The Coach/Mentee Teamswere handed an initial clue card which lead to various locations on campus; locationswere hidden within riddles the teams had to decipher. Sample riddles have beenprovided in Appendix B. It was essential to get the teams interacting immediately, inorder to break the ice and create immediate relationships, so the race served as an idealmeans to get the students talking and working together.Once the location was determined and the team arrived, an additional clue card wasgiven for the next stop on the race

Conference Session

Improving ME Instructional Laboratories

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sorin Cioc, University of Toledo; Constantin Ciocanel, University of Toledo; K Cyril Masiulaniec, University of Toledo; Douglas Oliver, University of Toledo

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

lab inoperative; this is not the case with the present setup that uses analog instruments because, even for the case of one instrument malfunctioning, the setup would still be usable. b) All projects had at least some general estimation of the cost involved to implement the proposed changes. However, some were more detailed than others. For example one Page 12.999.5 project included, together with the technical data, a price quote from the manufacturer for the proposed instruments (an infrared thermometer and a thermocouple data logger). c) About one third of the projects explicitly detailed some of the

Conference Session

Trends in Engineering Economy

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

David Dryer; Paul Kauffmann; William Peterson

have a concern for costs and the justification of expenditures,students are allowed to write research projects based on literature reviews and the analysis of theliterature on a topic currently in the engineering economy journals.The ProjectsThe projects conducted by the students in ENMA 600 in the past two years include: • Investigations of starting new businesses a. A restaurant b. A helicopter taxi service c. A custom motorcycle building shop • Investigation of whether to rent or sell an existing home when buying a new, larger home • Investigation of the financial incentives necessary to make the purchase of low water usage washing machines viable for self-service laundries

Conference Session

Mechanical and Architectural Engineering Laboratories

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerald Recktenwald, Portland State University; Jenna Faulkner, Portland State University; Robert Edwards, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College; Douglas Howe, Portland State University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

(h).Figure 4 provides a more detailed conceptual map for the tasks involved in the data capture andanalysis. As the tank is draining, images are captured (step a.) and pressure versus time data isrecorded (step b). After the draining is complete and the data logging is stopped, the jet lengthvalues, L, are extracted from the images captured by the digital camera (step c). The pressuretransducer values are converted to depth (step d). The time ti at which each image was capturedis used to interpolate in the depth versus time data, and to extract a set of h(ti) valuescorresponding to each of the images used to measure L(ti), (step e). Finally, the L(ti) and h(ti)data are combined to yield a plot of L(h), (step f). Figure 5 is an annotated

Conference Session

Design in Freshman Year

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Philip Parker; Max Anderson

surveys were distributed to the two ICEE sections (total of 70students) and six GE102 sections (total of 176 students). The six GE102 sections acted as our“control” sections. The purpose of the entrance survey was to a) determine why students decided Page 9.235.2to pursue engineering in the first place; b) assess student confidence in obtaining an engineeringProceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition Copyright © 2004, American Society for Engineering Educationdegree; c) evaluate student attitudes toward engineering. The purpose of the exit survey was

Conference Session

Molecular and Multiscale Phenomena

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard Turton; Joseph Shaeiwitz

. “Frontiers in Chemical Engineering Education,” CCR/NSF Workshops, see information at http://web.mit.edu/che-curriculum.2. Cussler, E. L. and Moggridge, G. D., Chemical Product Design, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2001, Chapter 1.3. Turton, R., Bailie, R. C., Whiting, W. B. and Shaeiwitz, J. A., Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes (2nd ed.), Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2003, Chapter 24.4. Skeist, I., Handbook of Adhesives (2nd ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1977.5. Shaeiwitz, J. A., Whiting, W. B., and Velegol, D., “A Large-Group Senior Design Experience: Teaching Responsibility and Life-Long Learning,” Chemical Engineering Education, vol. 30, no. 1, 1996, pp. 70-75.6. Shaeiwitz, J. A. and

Conference Session

TIME 7: ABET Issues and Capstone Courses

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Erik Bowman; Kenneth Siegenthaler

Session 3266 A Community Public Service Capstone Engineering Design Project: A Collapsible Ramp for an Electric Cart/Wheelchair Kenneth E. Siegenthaler and Erik C. Bowman Department of Astronautics United States Air Force AcademyAbstractA capstone engineering design and construction course, required for graduation at theUnited States Air Force Academy, has often involved community service projects. Onesuch project was the design and construction by students of a collapsible electriccart/wheelchair ramp for a

Conference Session

Math Software Use in Engineering

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert Ryan

SUPPORT A LOAD B Figure 1 Schematic of Shaft/Gear SystemTo simplify the problem, students are asked to use a shaft with a uniform diameter along itslength. This diameter must be specified to satisfy three criteria: Page 9.1348.2 Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright 2004, American Society for Engineering Education • The shaft should have an infinite fatigue life with a safety factor of at least two. • The shaft should have

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Audeen Fentiman; Robert J. Gustafson; John Merrill; John Demel; Richard Freuler

Society for Engineering EducationThe “basics” and “laboratory” portions of the class require different facilities. Roomdesign needed to accommodate the fact that both the Honors and regular coursesequences put high priority on collaborative learning and teamwork in basics as well aslaboratory. Characteristics of those two facility types needed are described in thissection.2.1 BasicsIt was desired to have a facility for the basics instruction that would a) promotecollaboration in teams of 2 or 4 students, b) provide space for individual activity andcomputer access, and c) still support instructor presentation/lecture. The spaces forbasics instruction needed to accommodate 72 and 36 students per class for the IE andFEH class respectively. Given the

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Hong Zhang

. Newell, A. J. Marchese, R.P. Ramachandram, B. Sukumaran and R. Harvey, “MultidisciplinaryDesign and Communication: A Pedagogical Vision”, International Journal of Engineering Education, Vol.15, No. 5, pp.376-382, 1999. 2. K. Jahan, R.A. Desseau, R.P. Hesketh, A, J. Marchese, R.P. Ramachandran, S.A Mandayam and J.L.Schmalzel, “Engineering Measurements in the Freshman Engineering Clinic at Rowan University”, ASEEAnnual Conference and Exposition, Seattle, Washington, Session 1326, June 28 – July 1, 1998. 3. A. J. Marchese, J.A. Newell, R. P. Ramachandran, B. Sukumaran, J.L. Schmalzel and J. Marriappan,“The Sophomore Engineering Clinic: An Introduction to the Design Process Through a Series of Open EndedProjects”, ASEE Annual Conference and

Conference Session

The Transition from Secondary to College Mathematics

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sabina Jeschke, RWTH Aachen University; Olivier Frédéric Pfeiffer, Technische Universität Berlin; Omar Musa Hasan, American University of Mdaba; Erhard Zorn, Technische Universität Berlin

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

. Kato, O. Pfeiffer, E. Zorn, Pre-Freshmen Students Gearing up with Early Bird, Proceedings of the 2009 ASEE Annual Conference, ASEE6 http://www3.math.tu-berlin.de/OMB/7 https://www.tu9.de/8 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux9 A. Heck: Introduction to Maple, 3rd ed., 2003, Springer, New York.10 Maple User Manual, Maplesoft, a division of Maple Waterloo Inc., 2011, www.maplesoft.com.11 L. Bernardin, P. Chin, P. DeMarco, K. O. Geddes, D. E. G. Hare, K. M. Heal, G. Labahn, J. P. May, J. McCarron, M. B. Monagan, D. Ohashi, S. M. Vorkoetter, Maple Programming Guide, Maplesoft, a division of Maple Waterloo Inc., 2011, www.maplesoft.com.12 D. E. Knuth, Computers & Typesetting, Volume A: The TeXbook, 1986, Addison

Conference Session

Information Literacy: Theory and Practice

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nasser Saleh, Queen's University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

wereidentified as A1,B3, E4 .. etc.The response rate to the survey was 66% from 42 students representing the 20 project groups.The number of respondents who belong to the same project group varies as shown in Table 2.Table 1. Project assignment of the survey respondents Project# No. of respondents No. of groups Subtotal of respondents per project E 4 1 4 A, B, C, D, F, G 3 6 18 H, I, J, K, L, M, N 2 7 14 O, P, Q, R, S, T 1 6 6 Total

Conference Session

BME Courses and Learning Activities

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric M. Brey, Illinois Institute of Technology; Kelly Laas, Illinois Institute of Technology, Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions; David W. Gatchell PhD, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Ethics Pre-Test PART 2    1. What repercussions may there be if Jill challenges Brian’s results to Dr. Brey?            2. The  paper  is  already  published,  so  what  options  are  there  in  terms  of  the  manuscript.  Is there anything they can do?        a. How can Jill find out what the options are?        b. Who is responsible if the results are determined to be false?        3.  If Jill brings up the issue to Dr. Brey and he sides with Brian, what can she do?          4. How may Brian’s lab notebook help with issues encountered in this scenario

Conference Session

Materials Selection & Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yaomin Dong, Kettering University; Jacqueline El-Sayed, Kettering University; Henry Kowalski, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

] ρ 2 EI Fcr ? 2 (1) LThe formula for the cross sectional moment of inertia of a rectangular section is given by 1 1  ρ  4R 1   2 I? (b / 2 R)h 3 − (2 R)(h / 2 R) 3 −20.1098R 4 − R 2  − (h / 2 R)  (2) 12 12  2  3ρ 2  Where b and h denote the width and height of the rectangular cross section, and R represents theradius of fillets. Note that the pultrusion process requires that the section

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander Ganago, University of Michigan; Inger Bergom, University of Michigan; Britton Wolfe, Indiana University–Purdue University Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Woolfolk: The educational psychology of teacher efficacy. Educational Psychology Review, 16, 153–176. 4. Ashton, P. T. & Webb, R. B. (1986). Teachers' sense of efficacy, classroom behavior, and student achievement. In P. T. Ashton and R. B. Webb (Eds.), Teachers' sense of efficacy and student achievement. 125-144. 5. Coladarci, T. (1992). Teachers' sense of efficacy and commitment to teaching. Journal of Experimental Education, 60(4), 323-337. 6. Midgley, C., Feldlaufer, H. & Eccles, J. S. (1989). Change in teacher efficacy and student self- and task-related beliefs in mathematics during the transition to junior high school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(2), 247-258. 7. Ross, J. A. (1992). Teacher

Conference Session

Assessment in Large and Small Programs

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Ronald Terry

Page 7.102.2 Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright Ó 2002, American Society for Engineering Educationseveral iterations to get to a point of confidence in our ability to do so. Consider thesample question below. In a flat-plate heat exchanger operating at steady state, a hot liquid flows along one side of a copper plate, while a cool liquid flows along the other side. Conditions are such that the temperatures of the two surfaces of the plate are fixed. If the thickness of the plate is doubled but the temperatures remain the same, the rate of heat transfer through the plate will (a) double (b) remain the same

Collection

2024 Rocky Mountain Section Conference

Authors

Ruhan Yang; Ellen Do

lectures and 1 student was absent for 2 or more labs. The average finalgrade for all students was 93.53% with an A grade. Most of the students who were frequentlyabsent from lectures (n=4) ended up with grades of B- and below. Most students (n=37)completed their weekly design assignments on time except 3 students who missed more than 2assignments. Many students also shared their experiences with other students who did notparticipate in the FORM course that semester. Some students also posted their developmentprocess on social platforms, such as YouTube and TikTok, during their building process. Overall, we have been successful in FORM curriculum design in terms of student engagement.Through a semester-long project, we were able to keep students