Conference Session

Special Session: Next Generation Problem-Solving

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Hamilton, United States Air Force Academy; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Barbara Olds, Colorado School of Mines; Nora Siewiorek, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Mizukami, Student Assessment of a Problem- Based Learning Experiment in Civil Engineering Education. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education & Practice, 2005. 131(1): p. 13-18.22. Downey, G.L., et al., The globally competent engineer: working effectively with people who define problems differently. Journal of Engineering Education, 2006. 95(2): p. 107- 122.23. Hennessey, M.P. and S. Kumar, Integrated graphical game and simulation-type problem- based learning in kinematics. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, 2006. 34(3): p. 220-451.24. Butler, A.B., Effects of Solution Elicitation Aids and Need for Cognition on the Generation of Solutions to Ill-Structured Problems

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Assessment in ECE II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aman Yadav, Purdue University; Mary Lundeberg, Michigan State University; Dipendra Subedi, Michigan State University; Charles Bunting, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

-44.de Camargo Ribeiro, L. R. (2008). Electrical engineering students evaluate problem-based learning (PBL). International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, 45(2), 152- 161.Hung, W., D. Jonassen, and R. Liu. 2008. Problem-based learning. In Handbook of research on educational communications and technology, eds. J.M. Spector, M.D. Merrill, J.V. Merriënboer, M.P. Driscoll, 485-506. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Eberlein, T., Kampmeier, J., Minderhout, V., Moog, R. S., Platt, T., Varma-Nelson, P., et al. (2008). Pedagogies of engagement in science. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 36(4), 262-273.Ehrlich, T. 1998. Reinventing John Dewey’s “pedagogy as a university

Conference Session

Improving Mechanics & Structural Modeling Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Doughty, University of Portland; Steven O'Halloran, University of Portland

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Surface 70 60 Temperature (deg. C) 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Time (s) Figure 3: Temperature distribution of acrylic cylinder with time.ExperimentThis heat transfer study was revisited by the same set of students the following semester in theirSystems and Measurement course. There students experimentally measured the cooling at thecenterline

Conference Session

Special Session: Innovation through Improv

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Ludovice, Georgia Institute of Technology; Lew Lefton, Georgia Institute of Technology; Richard Catrambone, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Conference Session

BME Laboratory and Project Experiences

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Purvis Bedenbaugh, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

AC 2010-1661: A TEAM-BASED NERVE CUFF SIMULATION PROJECT IN ATHIRD YEAR FOUNDATIONS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING COURSEPurvis Bedenbaugh, East Carolina University Purvis Bedenbaugh is the director of the biomedical engineering concentration within the newly ABET-accredited general engineering program at East Carolina University. He obtained the B. S. E. degree in biomedical engineering from Duke University, the M. S. degree in bioengineering from Clemson University, the Ph. D. degree in bioengineering from the University of Pennsylvania, and was a postdoctoral fellow at the Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Department of Otolaryngology of the University of California, San Francisco

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Larry Shuman, University of Pittsburgh; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Tuba Pinar Yildirim, University of Pittsburgh; Nora Sieworiek, University of Pittsburgh

≠ Test discoverer questions ≠ Assigned as a in- class followed by take home exerciseBased on our experience, we have identified the major factors that contribute to the success ofMEA implementation [5]. An important factor influencing MEA success is the guidance fromthe instructor throughout MEA implementation. Limited, corrective guidance can best ensurethat students are properly focused and are addressing the targeted concept(s), especially wherethe solution time is constrained. Such guidance may be

Conference Session

Normative Commitments and Public Engagement in Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Catalano, State University of New York, Binghamton; Caroline Baillie, Western Australia; Donna Riley, Smith College; Dean Nieusma, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Chris Byrne, Cascadia Community College; Margaret Bailey, Rochester Institute of Technology; Katy Haralampides, University of New Brunswick

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

and Wagon in theirannual workshop Rocky Mountain Mathematica. 2 After finishing the different (eight) tutorials,each of the four course modules is introduced. Two weeks of in-class time is devoted to eachmodule. Students are arranged in teams of three or four per group with the group assignmentsalternating between self-selected, random or purposefully chosen. The first period of each two-week block is used to introduce the topic, discuss any new analytical or numerical techniquesthat are relevant and, lastly, talk briefly about the broader societal issue(s) that each modulebrings forth. The remaining two class periods then are used by the students to work on finishingthe module. It should be pointed out that though students are put into

Conference Session

Instrumentation in the Classroom

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert Mueller

free-standing wheeled cart that uses a physical movementto the bar for the disturbance. Page 9.1271.2 “Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2004, American Society for Engineering Education”Before continuing on, it should be mentioned that the students were unsuccessful in getting thependulum to remain vertical. The possible cause(s) for this will be addressed. Figure 2. Finished Cart

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Courses and Issues

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Dominic Halsmer

2004-473 Electronic Portfolio for Assessment of Engineering Dominic M. Halsmer, PhD, PE, Professor, Chair Engineering and Physics Department Oral Roberts University 7777 S. Lewis Ave. Tulsa, OK 74171 918-495-6935 dhalsmer@oru.eduAbstractIn an effort to continuously improve the quality of education in the general engineering programat Oral Roberts University, a new tool known as Electronic Portfolio or e-Portfolio has beenimplemented as the primary data

Conference Session

Women in Engineering: Faculty/Curriculum

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Kim Covington; Jeff Froyd

: Accumulating Advantage for Women in Science and Engineering.”During her various talks, she stated: "Science and engineering (S&E) departments need more women as faculty-and not only to show their undergraduate students (the majority of whom in some disciplines are now women) that a career in academia is a viable path. Yet applications from women for advertised faculty positions in S&E departments rarely match the numbers of women granted Ph.D.s. The disproportionate absence of women who have chosen not to enter the applicant pool for faculty openings gives notice that an unhealthy environment exists in S&E departments and institutions. The women aren't broken: the system is."Dr. Rolison’s message, although bleak

Conference Session

Rethinking Collection Development

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Karen Clay

ensure that valuable information is Page 9.1139.7not lost. “Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2004, American Society for Engineering Education"Bibliography1. Auger, C.P. 1998. Information Sources in Grey Literature, 4th ed. New Providence, N.J.: Bowker-Saur.2. Chan, Winnie S. and Deborah Rhue. 2001. Providing a Digital Portal to a Print Collection: A Case Studyfor an Engineering Documents Collection. Science and Technology Libraries, 21(1/2): 29-42.3. Gelfand, Julia M. 1998. Teaching and exposing grey literature: What the Information Profession

Conference Session

BME Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard Jendrucko

- 469 course sequence. An overallcourse instructor provides general oversight and oversees the formation of student teams,student team selection of projects, monitors progress, schedules all course events andgrades all course work. In addition, other faculty serve as "technical advisors," whoprovide technical guidance to one or more design team(s). In this way, the technicaladvisors become virtual members of the design teams which allows closer attention toproject needs than can be provided by the course instructor alone.Course ActivitiesThe completion of design projects requires substantial student work "outside theclassroom." In order to achieve good project results for all teams, this effort must besystematically directed. During the period

Conference Session

Collaborative Programs and Courses

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Ying Sun; Robert Comerford; Musa Jouaneh

, Proceedings of the 1997 Annual ASEE Conference, Milwaukee, WI, 1-8.6. Srinivasan V. (2002). Perspective: Ten years of experience teaching a multi-disciplinary product development course. J. Product Innovation Management, 19, 32-45.7. Mahalik M, Richards L, Gorman M. (1999). Turning students into inventors and entrepreneurs: the continuing evolution of a course on invention and design. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Frontiers in Education Conference, San Juan, PR, 11a6-8-11a6-12.8. Stern P, Trefler E. (1997). An interdisciplinary problem-based learning project for assistive technology education. Assistive Technology, 9, 152-157.9. Culver D, Fellows S (1998). Using assistive devices for the disabled to teach design in a

Conference Session

Trends in ME Education Poster Session

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Yakov Cherner

a partial support from the National Science Foundation.Bibliography: 1. Campbell D.W. E-learning steps up to next level. http://www.ets-news.com/CAE_selearning.htm 2. Aldrich, C. The State of Simulations. OnlineLearning, (2001) 5(8), 52-59. 3. Matthew M. High Fidelety – Training Through Simulation. http://www.praxis-learningnetworks.com/documents/High_Fidelity.pdf 4. S. L. King. Computer Simulations, Considerations for Instructional Designers, (1999) http://projects.edte.utwente.nl/pi/Papers/SimulationsPaper.htm 5. L.C. McDermott (1997). Bridging the gap between teaching and learning: The role of research. http://www.psrc-online.org/classrooms/papers/pdf/plenary.pdf 6. Kolb, D. (1984

Conference Session

Design, Creativity and Critical Thinking in the Chemical Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher R. Anderson, Lafayette College

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Engineering”. Chemical Engineering Progress, March 2013. 2. Saltzman W. Drug Delivery. Oxford University Press, 2001. 3. Truskey G. et al. Transport Phenomena in Biological Systems. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006. 4. Farrell S. et al. “Drug Delivery Education Using Microsphere Technology,” American Society for Engineering Education, 2011. 5. Gu F. et al. “Sustained Delivery of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor with Alginate Beads,” Journal of Controlled Release, 2004, 96(3): 463-472. 6. Gombotz W. et al. “Protein Release from Alginate Matrices,” Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 1998, 31 (3): 267-285

Conference Session

Computing in the First Year

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lizzie Santiago, West Virginia University; Oyemayowa Luqman Abioye, West Virginia University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

normally experienced inthe classroom. Quality control is also needed to assure that the content of the online course issimilar to what is taught in the classroom.References 1. Haugen, Susan; LaBarre, James; Melrose, John, “Online Course Delivery: Issues and Challenges” International Association Computer Information System (2001). 2. Song, Liyan; Singleton, Ernise S.; Hill, Janette R.; Hwa Koh, Myung, “Improving Online Learning: Student Perceptions of Useful and Challenging Characteristics” Internet and Higher Education 7 (2004): 59–70. 3. Kearsley, Greg, "A Guide to Online Education" (1998) Web 1 Jan. 2013. 4. Kearsley, Greg, “Online Education: Learning and Teaching in Cyberspace”, Belmont, CA, Wadsworth

Conference Session

Student Beliefs, Motivation and Self Efficacy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Courtney June Faber, Clemson University; Sarah Jane Grigg, Clemson University; Adam Kirn, Clemson University; Justine M. Chasmar; Lisa Benson, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

knowledge (knowledge about when and why to usestrategies).32 Knowledge of cognition has been shown to play a key role in decision making andperformance.33–35 Regulation of cognition refers to an individual’s ongoing cognitive processesand includes five skills: planning, information management strategies, comprehensionmonitoring, debugging strategies, and evaluation. These skills have been suggested to play acritical role in problem solving as they allow learners to organize and monitor their thinking.35Metacognition was operationalized in this work to assess students’ perceptions of their ability touse metacognitive strategies when solving an engineering problem. Items were adapted from Leeet al.’s (2009) work originally used to assess elementary

Conference Session

Addressing the NGSS, Part 1 of 3: Supporting K-8 Science Teachers in Engineering Pedagogy and Engineering-Science Connections

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott C. Molitor, University of Toledo; Joan N. Kaderavek, University of Toledo; Hoangha Dao, University of Toledo; Nicholas J. Liber; Regina Rotshtein, University of Toledo; Geoff Milewski, The University of Toledo; Charlene M. Czerniak, The University of Toledo

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

numerical or graphical representations.Practice 6: Constructing Explanations (science) and Designing Solutions (engineering)6.1 Explanation/Evidence: the teacher questions and discourse guides students to generate their own explanations for observed or hypothetical phenomena; or teacher asks student to support statement with empirical evidence, prior knowledge, or logical reasoning.6.2 New Situation: the teacher helps students relate previously-learned concepts to new content/situation.6.3 Evaluate Understanding: the teacher initiates a discussion in which student/s may judge or articulate their success or failure with the science activity; or teacher gets students to assess their own level of understanding of a concept or to

Conference Session

Student Beliefs, Motivation and Self Efficacy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nora B. Honken, University of Louisville; Patricia A Ralston, University of Louisville; Kate E. Snyder, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

retention, and how to best teach work skills throughout the engineering curriculum.Dr. Patricia A Ralston, University of Louisville Dr. Patricia A. S. Ralston is Chair of the Department of Engineering Fundamentals at the University of Louisville and also has an associate appointment in Chemical Engineering. Dr. Ralston teaches under- graduate engineering mathematics and is currently involved in educational research on the effective use of Tablet PCs in engineering education, the incorporation of critical thinking in undergraduate engineer- ing education, and retention of engineering students. Her fields of technical expertise include process modeling, simulation, and process control.Dr. Kate E. Snyder, University of

Conference Session

Diversity in K-12 and Pre-college Engineering Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joel Alejandro Mejia, Utah State University; Amy Wilson-Lopez, Utah State University - College of Education; Christine E. Hailey, Utah State University; Indhira Maria Hasbun, Utah State University; Daniel L. Householder, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Conference Session

Teaching Communication I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca R Essig, Purdue University; Cary David Troy, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Brent K Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Josh Boyd, Purdue University; Natascha Trellinger Buswell, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

whichresources students used to improve their writing, according to the post-course survey. Studentswere allowed to select all the help method(s) they used. Of the 101 students answering thissurvey question, 13 indicated they used multiple resources. Perhaps even more notably, 81indicated that they did not seek writing help from any source, despite the majority of studentsexpressing frustration about not knowing how to improve their writing scores. Table 2. Types of help sought by students for paragraph writing exercise Type of Help No. of Students* No Help 81 Professor 7 Teaching

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy J. Jacobs, Texas A&M University; Jerald A. Caton, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

. Miller, Inquiry-based activities to address criticalconcepts in chemical engineering, in 118th Annual Conference & Exposition. 2011: Vancouver, BC.4. M. J. Prince, M. A. Vigeant and K. E. K. Nottis, Assessment and repair of critical misconceptions inengineering heat transfer and thermodynamics, in 120th ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition. 2013: Atlanta,Georgia.5. K. C. Midkiff, T. A. Litzinger and D. L. Evans. Development of engineering thermodynamic conceptinventory instruments. in 31st ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference. 2001. Reno, NV.6. S. Yeo and M. Zadnik, Introductory thermal concept evaluation: assessing students' understanding. ThePhysics Teacher, 2001. 39(November): p. 496 - 504.7. D. L

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rana AbdelSalam, East Carolina University; Waldemar G de Rijk

Tagged Divisions

Materials

,Gregerman S.R., Jonides,J., von Hippel,W., Lerner,J.S., “Undergraduate Student-Faculty ResearchPartnerships Affect Student Retention”, The Review of Higher Education 22.1 (1998) 55-72 4. Dahlberg,.T, Barnes, T., Rorrer, A., Powell, E., Cairco, L., “ Improving retention and graduate recruitment throughimmersive research experiences for undergraduates. SIGCSE Bulletin,” 2008 Mar;40(1):466–70. 5. Board of Engineering Education-National Research Council, "Improving Retention in Undergraduate EngineeringEducation," Issues in Engineering Education: A Bulletin Addressing Culture Change in Engineering Education, vol.1, no. 1, 1992. 6. Short, S. R., “Investigation of Shear as aFailure Mode in Anisotropic Materials

Conference Session

Professional Development and Advising for Graduate Students

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farshid Marbouti, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Cyndi D. Lynch, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

(6), 12-21.3. National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE), Job Outlook: The Candidate Skills/QualitiesEmployers Want, 2011, Retrieved on July 2013 fromhttp://www.naceweb.org/s10262011/candidate_skills_employer_qualities4. Cleary, M.; Flynn, R.; Thomasson, S.; Alexander, R.; McDonald, B, Precision Consultancy, Graduateemployability skills, 2007. Retrieved on July 2013 fromhttp://aces.shu.ac.uk/employability/resources/GraduateEmployabilitySkillsFINALREPORT1.pdf5. Sugars, J.; Pearce, E., DOCNET: Doctors in Enterprise, Transferable skills and employability fordoctoral graduates: survey of the current landscape (Final report), 2010. Retrieved from (July 2013):http://www.docentproject.eu/doc/Report_DEF_EN.pdf6. Vitae, Researcher

Conference Session

Critical Thinking, Leadership, and Creativity

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Atsushi Akera, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

documented in the two biographies of Skinner cited above. See especially Bjork(1993), chs. 4 & 6; and Wiener (1995), pp. 32-37.13 E Bradford Burns, A History of Brazil, 2nd edition. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980). The periodfrom Vargas, through Kubitschek, Quadros, and Goulart, is described in chapters 6-7.14 Fred. S. Keller, “An International Venture in Behavior Modification,” in Fred S. Keller and Emilio Ribes-Inesta,Behavior Modification: Applications to Education (New York: Academic Press, 1974), 143-155, 143-145; SérgioDias Cirino, Rodrigo Lopes Miranda, and Robson Nascimento de Cruz, “The beginnings of behavior analysislaboratories in Brazil: A pedagogical view,” History of Psychology 15/3(2012): 263-272. Available online

Conference Session

WIED: Curricular Undergraduate Student Programs

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen B. Coletti, Northeastern University; Emily Olina Wisniewski; Rachel Lauren Shapiro, Northeastern University; Paul A. DiMilla, Northeastern University; Rachelle Reisberg, Northeastern University; Melinda Covert, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

out supplemental instruction in a required generalchemistry course and what factors affected whether a student used a form of supplementalinstruction.1 However, data were unavailable to correlate with grades.In order to understand a student’s pre-disposition and ultimate choice to participate insupplemental instruction as well as to determine correlations with grade distribution, honors andnon-honors students in a required general chemistry course were given pre-surveys at thebeginning and post-surveys at the end of the semester. Analysis of pre-surveys allowedidentification of a student’s predisposed “trigger point” at which s/he decides to seek extra helpupon entering college. The availability of data for different types of course

Conference Session

Distance Learning in Engineering Technology

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheng Y. Lin P.E., Old Dominion University; Yuzhong Shen, Old Dominion University; Mileta Tomovic, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

”, ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2011 ASEE Session AC 2011-522 7. Kuyath, S., Owen, T., Sharer, D., Murphy, D., Kimble, J., and Englebert, M., “Development of an Electrical Engineering Technology Education”, ”, ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2003 ASEE 8. Crossman, G., “A CD-ROM Based Laboratory in Fluid Mechanics”, ”, ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2001 ASEE Session 2247 9. Connor, K., Berry, F., Chouikha, M., Newman, D., Deyoe, M., and Brubaker, W., “Using the Mobile Studio to Facilitate Nontraditional Approaches to Education and Outreach”, ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2011

Conference Session

An Examination of Methods to Enhance Transfer Student Enrollment, Retenion, Persistence, and Outcomes

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shen Liu, West Kentucky Community and Technical College

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

. Project-based learning (PBL) is an instructionalapproach that engages students’ interest and motivation, relates the theoretical concepts studentsstudied inside the classroom and their applications explored during the activities outside of theclassroom and provides more opportunities for direct interactions among students. This paperpresents the implementations of PBL in Physics I and Statics courses at WKCTC. Sample teamprojects are described in details and the assessment on learning outcomes are discussed.IntroductionStudents at West Kentucky Community and Technical College (WKCTC) can pursue Universityof Kentucky (UK)’s Bachelor of Science degrees in either chemical or mechanical engineeringwithout leaving home. All four years of classes can

Conference Session

Computer Programming and Simulation

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David M. Whittinghill, Purdue University, West Lafayette; David B. Nelson, Purdue University; K. Andrew R. Richards, Purdue University; Charles A. Calahan

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Paper ID #10955Improving the Affective Element in Introductory Programming Courseworkfor the ”Non Programmer” StudentDr. David M Whittinghill, Purdue University, West Lafayette Dr. David Whittinghill is an Assistant Professor of Computer Graphics Technology and Computer and Information Technology. Dr. Whittinghill’ s research focuses on simulation, gaming and computer pro- gramming and how these technologies can more effectively address outstanding issues in health, educa- tion, and society in general. Dr. Whittinghill leads projects in pediatric physical therapy, sustainable energy simulation, phobia treat- ment

Conference Session

Renewable Energy in Classroom

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Herbert L. Hess, University of Idaho, Moscow; Brian K. Johnson, University of Idaho, Moscow; Rishabh Jain; Amrit Dahal

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

electricalpower. Horsethief Reservoir is a local artificial lake that abuts the camp. The reservoir has boththe water volume flow (0.07m3/s) and elevation drop (20 meters) sufficient for continuous Page 24.766.3microhydroelectric power generation. Penstocks are already in place as part of overflowmanagement. Placing generators in tandem where maximum energy transfer occurs alsominimizes ecological impact in this case. A manifold design provides scalability and flexibility.Figure 2 shows the total present value costs, including manufacturer-recommended maintenance,and paybacks associated with different scalability. As shown in Figure 3, a positive payback