Raihanian Mashhadi, A., & Svihla, V. (2022, August), Expansive Empathy: Defining and Measuring a New Construct in Engineering Design  Paper presented at 2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Minneapolis, MN. 10.18260/1-2--40722

\bibitem{asee_peer_40722}
  Raihanian Mashhadi, A., \& Svihla, V. (2022, August), \emph{Expansive Empathy: Defining and Measuring a New Construct in Engineering Design}
  Paper presented at 2022 ASEE Annual Conference \& Exposition, Minneapolis, MN.
  10.18260/1-2--40722

Ardeshir Raihanian Mashhadi and Vanessa Svihla.  "Expansive Empathy: Defining and Measuring a New Construct in Engineering Design".  2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Minneapolis, MN, 2022, August.  ASEE Conferences, 2022.  https://peer.asee.org/40722 Internet.  02 May, 2024

\bibitem{asee_peer_40722}
  Ardeshir Raihanian Mashhadi and Vanessa Svihla.
  "Expansive Empathy: Defining and Measuring a New Construct in Engineering Design".
  \emph{2022 ASEE Annual Conference \& Exposition, Minneapolis, MN, 2022, August}.
  ASEE Conferences, 2022.
  https://peer.asee.org/40722 Internet.  02 May, 2024

@INPROCEEDINGS{asee_peer_40722
author = "Ardeshir Raihanian Mashhadi and Vanessa Svihla"
title = "Expansive Empathy: Defining and Measuring a New Construct in Engineering Design"
booktitle = "2022 ASEE Annual Conference \& Exposition"
year = "2022"
month = "August"
address = "Minneapolis, MN"
publisher = "ASEE Conferences"
note = {https://peer.asee.org/40722}
number = {10.18260/1-2--40722}
}

TY  - CPAPER
AB  - Empathy is vital to ethical, effective design, yet vexing to teach. While research suggests empathy can be developed through human-centered design, students still tend to narrowly scope design problems, ignore the heterogeneity of the stakeholders, and focus on only mainstream or very few individuals with specific needs. While engineering education has come to value empathy, literature suggests that we still have a very limited understanding of its nuances. We address this issue by introducing the construct expansive empathy, which we define as the ability to understand and generate inclusive design solutions that incorporate the complex interactions among the engineering system and the needs of diverse stakeholders, including those who are marginalized, mainstreamed, and vulnerable. We adapted the Interpersonal Reactivity Index to develop a measure to capture expansive empathy and performed an exploratory factor analysis. We examined factor structure using data collected at the beginning of a senior design class. Initial results suggest that students have not developed expansive empathy in their previous engineering courses.
AU  - Ardeshir Raihanian Mashhadi
AU  - Vanessa Svihla
CY  - Minneapolis, MN
DA  - 2022/08/23
PB  - ASEE Conferences
TI  - Expansive Empathy: Defining and Measuring a New Construct in Engineering Design
UR  - https://peer.asee.org/40722
DO  - 10.18260/1-2--40722
ER  -