Supporting Undergraduate Engineering Students Who Are Primary Caregivers to Children: A Systematic Literature Review

Julie M. Smith

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Conference: 2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Location: Portland, Oregon
Publication Date: June 23, 2024
Start Date: June 23, 2024
End Date: July 12, 2024
Conference Session: Empowering Diversity in Engineering Education: Strategies and Impacts
Tagged Division: Minorities in Engineering Division(MIND)
Tagged Topic: Diversity
Permanent URL: https://peer.asee.org/48041

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Paper Authors

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Julie M. Smith CSEdResearch.org

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Dr. Julie M. Smith is a senior education researcher at CSEdResearch.org. She holds degrees in Curriculum & Instruction and Software Development. She also completed a doctoral program in Learning Technologies at the University of North Texas. Her research focus is computer science education, particularly the intersection of learning analytics, learning theory, and equity and excellence. She was a research assistant at MIT’s Teaching Systems Lab, working on a program aimed at improving equity in high school computer science programs; she is also co-editor of the SIGCSE Bulletin.

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Abstract

Introduction: Perhaps surprisingly, about one in five undergraduate students is a caregiver. These students may have different needs than other students. Because data on student caregivers is less likely to be collected than data on other student groups, there are substantial gaps in our understanding of their experiences, including their unique challenges and strengths as well as best practices for supporting them. There is very little research that focuses specifically on student caregivers who are studying engineering, a field that may require extra lab time and other subject requirements that contribute to the unique needs in the field. Objective: The primary purpose of this study is to answer the questions (1) What does previous research indicate about the experiences of student caregivers? and (2) How does that knowledge apply to recruiting and retaining undergraduate engineering students? Methods: This paper uses the Khan et al. methodology for conducting a systematic literature review, applied to research on student caregivers, focused on (1) identifying what is known about them, including their challenges, strengths, and experiences, (2) understanding interventions designed to support them and the results of those interventions, and (3) exploring how this knowledge and evidence applies (or might apply) specifically to engineering students. Results: Findings include that student caregivers differ from other students in significant ways: they are more likely to be women, in community college, and/or from racially minoritized backgrounds. Student caregivers also tend to have higher GPAs, and they have a tendency to feel isolated. The three major challenges that they face involve time constraints, lack of knowledge about available resources for caregiving students, and lack of access to affordable child care. Strengths of of caregiving students include a tendency to have higher motivation levels and better time management skills. Conclusion: This research makes an important contribution in that it is one of the first to explore how the literature related to student caregivers might apply specifically to engineering students. The paper includes recommendations for better meeting the needs of caregiving students based on the review of literature and can lead to a study that inquires if these recommendations are also helpful in supporting engineering students or whether they have unique needs. Given that the demographics of student caregivers mirror the demographics of those who are underrepresented in engineering, better meeting the needs of student caregivers is likely to be a crucial piece of the puzzle in remedying the inequities in engineering education.

Citation
Format

Smith, J. M. (2024, June), Supporting Undergraduate Engineering Students Who Are Primary Caregivers to Children: A Systematic Literature Review Paper presented at 2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Portland, Oregon. https://peer.asee.org/48041

TY - CPAPER
AB - Introduction: Perhaps surprisingly, about one in five undergraduate students is a caregiver. These
students may have different needs than other students. Because data on student caregivers is less
likely to be collected than data on other student groups, there are substantial gaps in our
understanding of their experiences, including their unique challenges and strengths as well as best
practices for supporting them. There is very little research that focuses specifically on student
caregivers who are studying engineering, a field that may require extra lab time and other subject
requirements that contribute to the unique needs in the field.
Objective: The primary purpose of this study is to answer the questions (1) What does previous
research indicate about the experiences of student caregivers? and (2) How does that knowledge
apply to recruiting and retaining undergraduate engineering students?
Methods: This paper uses the Khan et al. methodology for conducting a systematic literature
review, applied to research on student caregivers, focused on (1) identifying what is known about
them, including their challenges, strengths, and experiences, (2) understanding interventions
designed to support them and the results of those interventions, and (3) exploring how this
knowledge and evidence applies (or might apply) specifically to engineering students.
Results: Findings include that student caregivers differ from other students in significant ways:
they are more likely to be women, in community college, and/or from racially minoritized
backgrounds. Student caregivers also tend to have higher GPAs, and they have a tendency to feel
isolated. The three major challenges that they face involve time constraints, lack of knowledge
about available resources for caregiving students, and lack of access to affordable child care.
Strengths of of caregiving students include a tendency to have higher motivation levels and better
time management skills.
Conclusion: This research makes an important contribution in that it is one of the first to explore
how the literature related to student caregivers might apply specifically to engineering students.
The paper includes recommendations for better meeting the needs of caregiving students based on
the review of literature and can lead to a study that inquires if these recommendations are also
helpful in supporting engineering students or whether they have unique needs. Given that the
demographics of student caregivers mirror the demographics of those who are underrepresented
in engineering, better meeting the needs of student caregivers is likely to be a crucial piece of the
puzzle in remedying the inequities in engineering education.
AU - Julie M. Smith
CY - Portland, Oregon
DA - 2024/06/23
PB - ASEE Conferences
TI - Supporting Undergraduate Engineering Students Who Are Primary Caregivers to Children: A Systematic Literature Review
UR - https://peer.asee.org/48041
ER -