Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado-Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

. Page 11.1361.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Undergraduate Research on Appropriate and Sustainable TechnologyAbstractThis paper describes the funding sources, educational outcomes, and diversity of students servedby conducting research on appropriate and sustainable technology. Since 2001, more thantwelve undergraduate students have conducted research on the water treatment effectiveness ofthe Filtrón, including eight students independently and four students as a class team project. TheFiltrón is a point-of-use drinking water filter that can be produced inexpensively in communitiesworld-wide. Some of the student researchers were participants in the EnvironmentalEngineering

Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Josh Goldowitz, Rochester Institute of Technology; Karl Korfmacher, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-1606: A PRODUCTIVE INNER CITY - ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGYCOLLABORATIONJosh Goldowitz, Rochester Institute of Technology Mr. Goldowitz is a graduate of University of Arizona. His current research interests include heavy metal phytoremediation in the urban environment and aquifer testing technology. He teaches introductory geology, hydrology classes and labs in RIT's Civil Engineering Technology Environmental Management & Safety department.Karl Korfmacher, Rochester Institute of Technology Dr. Korkmacher is a graduate of Duke University. His current research interests include aquatic environment mapping and monitoring, and urban environmental analysis. He Teaches GIS classes and

Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Martha Garcia-Saenz, Purdue University-North Central; Maria Consuelo Garcia Alvarez, Universidad La Gran Colombia

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-1376: SERVICE-LEARNING PROJECT AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFERTO BENEFIT DEVELOPING COMMUNITIESMartha Garcia-Saenz, Purdue University-North Central Associate Professor of Building Construction Management. Engineering Technology Department. Purdue University North Central Campus.Maria Consuelo Garcia Alvarez, Universidad La Gran Colombia Professor, Civil Engineering School, La Gran Colombia University. Bogotá, Colombia. Page 11.1121.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Service-Learning Project and Technology-Transfer to Benefit Developing CommunitiesAbstractThis paper

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Jarvie, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-902: RESTRUCTURING OF CE4506 (ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ANDPOLLUTION PREVENTION DESIGN) AND STUDENT RESPONSE SURVEYMichelle Jarvie, Michigan Technological University Michelle Jarvie is a Ph.D. Candidate in Environmental Engineering at Michigan Technological University. She has a B.S. in Environmental Engineering and an M.S. in Environmental Policy. Prior to her current studies, she worked for two years as a consulting engineer on the city of Detroit's water system. She has also worked as a civil engineer for the National Park Service, and advised Denali National Park on their wastewater treatment. Her dissertation is on the biodegradation of the natural estrogens estrone and estradiol

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kurt Paterson, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-1102: CRITICAL CONNECTIONS: A FIRST-SEMESTER COURSE INENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERINGKurt Paterson, Michigan Technological University Page 11.372.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Critical Connections: A First-Semester Course in Environmental EngineeringMotivationMany engineering programs have moved to a common first-year structure. The benefitsof such an approach are many, and most notably account for the challenge in selecting amajor with certainty prior to becoming a college student. For all the benefits, one majordisadvantage of the common first-year is the loss of connection to the “family” embodiedin the students and

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kurt Paterson, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-1105: BUILDING A BETTER HYBRID: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORINGAND MEASUREMENT ANALYSISKurt Paterson, Michigan Technological University Page 11.292.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Building a Better Hybrid: Environmental Monitoring and Measurement AnalysisMotivationFor most students, learning in context improves retention through improved motivationand connection to other knowledge. In an effort to elevate retention of data analysismethods, a hybrid class that integrates environmental issues, analytical methods, andstatistical analyses was designed for the sophomore year of the undergraduateenvironmental engineering program at

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Vaccari, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-644: A COMPREHENSIVE COURSE IN ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGYDavid Vaccari, Stevens Institute of Technology Page 11.31.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 A COMPREHENSIVE COURSE IN ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGYIntroductionA new course was developed to introduce environmental engineers and scientists to biology. Theprimary novelty of this course was its division of the subject into three core areas of relevance toenvironmental professionals: microbiology, ecology, and toxicology.This paper will further describe the need that exists for this course, and will introduce a textbookand other materials that were developed for the

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Undergraduate Research

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Simeon Komisar, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Lupita Montoya, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-2388: INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING DESIGN THROUGHENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PROJECTSLupita Montoya, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute LUPITA D. MONTOYA is an Assistant Professor of Environmental Engineering in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Rensselaer. Her research interests include method development, indoor air quality, bioaerosols and health effects of aerosols. Her teaching interests include Engineering Design, Air Quality Management and Air Pollution Aerosols. She may be reached via e-mail at lmontoya@rpi.edu.Simeon Komisar, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute SIMEON KOMISAR is a Clinical Associate Professor and Undergraduate Program Director of Environmental

Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deanna Matthews, Carnegie Mellon University; Robert Heard, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

this appreciation out intofuture careers. Over the three-year duration of this project 24 new courses have been introducedinto the university curriculum. Specifically within the Carnegie Institute of Technology (theengineering college), two courses became part of this program to be taught to students withmajors outside the engineering program as a technical elective for arts and humanities degreerequirements.These two engineering courses lend themselves to what has been termed a new “metadiscipline”of sustainability science and engineering1 which merges engineering, environmental, and socialconcepts into an integrated course. Incorporating environmental and social concepts intoengineering courses has been a growing interest for several years

Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Ciocci, Pennsylvania State University-Harrisburg

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Technology and Society Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Page 11.1226.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Teaching Sustainable Engineering Ten Years Later: What’s Worked & What’s Next?AbstractTeaching environmentally related courses in environmental engineering and mechanicalengineering technology curricula at two institutions has generated a wealth of experiences.Design for the Environment at the associate level, Design for Society at the senior level, andSustainable Engineering at the graduate level are similar, complementary courses. Topics ineach include

Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Pumphrey, University of Cincinnati; Anna Hoessle, University of Cincinnati; Daniel Oerther, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

and molecular biology as applied to natural and engineered environments. His research focuses upon microorganisms in wastewater treatment plants, drinking water treatment plants, bioremediation field sites, and natural surface watershed. Page 11.1120.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Service Learning at Cincinnati: Researching Water Treatment for Emerging EconomiesAbstractOf the nearly six billion human inhabitants of planet earth, nearly two thirds lack access tosufficient quantities of potable water and access to basic sanitation. These appalling

Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vered Doctori Blass, University of California-Santa Barbara; Mary Hong Loan Dinh, University of California-Santa Barbara

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

, theAraypallpa, Peru project provided a way for students to engage in service-learning projects, learnabout appropriate technology and sustainability, work on a multi-disciplinary team, and learnhow engineering skills can be used to serve the needs of the global community. In addition,students developed a set of skills that typical classroom education does not provide. A volunteer-based program may be especially useful as a mechanism for service-learning since theundergraduate engineering curriculum is normally very full, or it may be a first-step inintroducing service-learning into the engineering program.AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank Dr. LeeAnne Kryder for her guidance and feedback on this paper;Humphrey Blackburn for sharing his expertise on

Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Oerther, University of Cincinnati; Cinnamon Carlarne, University of Cincinnati; Eric Maurer, University of Cincinnati; Regina Lamendella, University of Cincinnati; Sarah Pumphrey, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

laboratory-scale data, the socioeconomicanalysis, and the ideas for transferring phosphorus recovery technology to the developing world.The students integrated these components of the design into the final project report and presentedthe results at the P3 Award competition in Washington, D.C.Course ModificationsAlthough the first year could be considered a success, a number of critical observations werenoted. First, the self-selection of sub-teams prevented appropriate interdisciplinary mixing ofenvironmental engineering and environmental studies students. Second, without a focus on acountry of interest, it was difficult to provide an appropriate context for agriculture oreconomics. Third, because the course sequence is required for the seniors in

Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet Baldwin, Roger Williams University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-1369: SERVICE LEARNING PROJECT IN BRAZIL: FROM CONCEPT TOREALITYJanet Baldwin, Roger Williams University Janet L. Baldwin is an assistant professor in Roger Williams University's general engineering program. Her current research interests include wastewater reuse technologies and service learning in engineering. She is currently active in Girl Scouts and engineering outreach activities for girls. Dr. Baldwin received a B.S. in engineering from Tufts University in 1988. She earned graduate degrees from The Pennsylvania State University: an M.S. in Environmental Engineering in 1994 and a Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering in 1999

Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ross Gordon, Rice University; Alex Gordon, Rice University; Philip Bedient, Rice University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

water, sanitation, shelter, bridge, and energysystems. By bridging the gap between those looking for help and those eager to help, Rice-EWBfacilitates the completion of service projects that profoundly affect a community and promote thedevelopment of socially and environmentally conscious engineers with outstanding leadershipskills and practical, hands-on, international engineering experience. Rice-EWB projects stresscommunity partnership, reliable and sustainable technology, and the importance of education,training, and empowerment in creating a lasting, positive effect. All Rice-EWB projects aresupported entirely by donations from family, friends, charitable organizations, and corporations. Since its establishment in April of 2003 by

Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Beckman, University of Pittsburgh; Gena Kovalcik, University of Pittsburgh; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Robert Ries, University of Pittsburgh; Kim Needy, University of Pittsburgh; Laura Schaefer, University of Pittsburgh; Larry Shuman, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-737: COMBINING GRADUATE STUDIES, RESEARCH ANDINTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES IN SUSTAINABILITYEric Beckman, University of Pittsburgh Eric J. Beckman received his BS degree in chemical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1980, and his Ph.D. in 1988 from the Polymer Science Department at the University of Massachusetts. In 2000, Dr. Beckman was made the first Bayer Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh. He served as Associate Dean for Research from 2000-2001, and chairman of chemical engineering from 2001-2005. In 2003 he created the Mascaro Sustainability Initiative at the University of Pittsburgh to foster interdisciplinary research

Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Pines, University of Hartford; Brian Gallant, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

travel to the village. While it is expected thatstudents take some responsibility in raising funds, we were fortunate that Pratt & Whitney, adivision of United Technologies, was interested in supporting a pilot Engineers Without Borders(EWB) project as part of their division’s philanthropy program. While there are severalorganizations that help to facilitate these types of projects, Pratt & Whitney has selected EWB Page 11.1053.7because of the assessment and implementation process that they have developed. In Pratt &Whitney’s business plan for a prototype project, they have specifically included the University ofHartford as one of

Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado-Boulder; Diana Shannon, University of Colorado-Denver; Jay Shah, University of Colorado-Boulder; R. Scott Summers, University of Colorado-Boulder; Jim Ruttenber, University of Colorado

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

microbiology (or biology if microbiology is unavailable),environmental issues, and sustainability courses. These courses should provide the students withsufficient background. Microbiology, which is required for all undergraduate EnvironmentalEngineering students, should be a prerequisite for this course. With this pre-requisite content inmind, undergraduate Environmental Engineering students could take the course the last semesterof their senior year. Students earning a degree in Environmental Studies don’t typically have allof these courses, so some changes would need to be made to accommodate cross-listing. Anengineering treatment technology course focused on solutions in developing communities is nowbeing taught (first offered in Fall 2005), and

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas Scambilis, Sinclair Community College; Jennifer Wise, Sinclair Community College

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-1661: TAC-ABET ACCREDITATION – A NEW PROCESS, A NEWBEGINNINGNicholas Scambilis, Sinclair Community College Dr. Scambilis, a Professor at Sinclair Community College, is the Chair of the Environmental Engineering Technology, Safety Engineering Technology and Fire Science Technology programs. He has a PhD in Environmental Engineering from the University of Missouri. He retired as a Colonel from the U.S. Air Force where he served as a Civil Engineer. He has been at Sinclair for nine years.Jennifer Wise, Sinclair Community College Jennifer Saygers-Wise earned her Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Arizona and her Masters in Engineering from the University of

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Lynch, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

than those experienced by other engineering disciplines. An American Society ofEngineering Educators 2002 report identified that U.S. environmental engineering enrollmentsdeclined by around forty-four percent between 1997 and 2001.9 This shortage in environmentalengineering undergraduate enrollments exists both domestically and internationally.10,11,12 Figure 2. First Year Enrollment Trends for Smaller Engineering Disciplines8What factors potentially contribute to the decline in environmental engineering enrollments andwhat recommendations can be offered to stop this downward spiral? A Massachusetts Instituteof Technology enrollment study prepared in 2002 identified several key issues that affected howundergraduate students selected a

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Oerther, University of Cincinnati; Cathy Maltbie, University of Cincinnati; Baikun Li, Pennsylvania State University-Harrisburg; Jin Li, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Amy Pruden, Colorado State University; Peter Stroot, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

retain faculty withexpertise in environmental biotechnology. In particular, notices seeking faculty candidates oftenspecifically request applications from individuals with expertise in molecular biology (e.g.,available job posting of the Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professorsweb site at www.aeesp.org). Although genomic technology is revolutionizing many of theresearch programs in environmental engineering, these technologies have not been transferredsuccessfully to the undergraduate and graduate curricula at many institutions.4ApproachThe overall objective of this project is adaptation and implementation of a successful NSF CCLI

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Epolito, U.S. Military Academy; Michael Butkus, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-641: DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGICALPROCESSES COURSE IN AN UNDERGRADUATE ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING CURRICULUMMichael Butkus, U.S. Military AcademyWilliam Epolito, U.S. Military Academy Page 11.467.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Development of an Environmental Biological Processes Course in an Undergraduate Environmental Engineering CurriculumIntroduction Environmental engineering students study a wider variety of scientific subjects than mostother engineering students due to the breadth of the environmental engineering field.Traditionally, the biology taught in many environmental engineering programs has been focusedon biochemical

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Bower, The Citadel; Kenneth Brannan, The Citadel; William Davis, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

William Davis is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering at The Citadel in Charleston, SC. He obtained a B.S. in Civil Engineering from the University of Alabama, M.S. from Auburn University and earned a Ph.D. in Transportation Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Davis is a member of ASEE, American Society of Civil Engineers, Institute of Transportation Engineers and Transportation Research Board. He serves as Chair of the Education and Student Chapter Committee for the Institute of Transportation Engineers – District 5. Page

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexa Rihana-Abdallah, University of Detroit Mercy

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-2544: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING,CHEMISTRY, AND BIOLOGYAlexa Rihana-Abdallah, University of Detroit Mercy The Author has written a number of articles published in the ASEE Annual Conference proceedings over the years. The Author teaches at the University of Detroit Mercy in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Page 11.285.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Bridging the Gap between Environmental Engineering, Chemistry, and BiologyAbstractRecognizing the intellectual merit of interdisciplinary studies to

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen Tull, Lafayette College; Lee Clapp, Texas A&M University-Kingsville; Donna Fennell, Rutgers University; Tim La para, Minnesota; Alok Bhandari, Kansas State University; Sharon Jones, Lafayette College

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

subsequent career as opposed to degree name for categorization. 1The main purpose of our recent effort is to evaluate the diversity of the environmentalengineering field. Our study evaluates gender diversity and ethnic diversity among U.S. citizensand permanent residents in terms of African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and NativeAmericans. Engineering diversity remains a problem in the USA despite ongoing efforts bygovernment, academia, and the private sector. Chubin et. al. (2005) reported that since 1995, theproportion of women and minority freshman in engineering is declining.2 However, for a similartime period, the representation of women and minorities in science, technology, engineering andmathematic (STEM) fields at both the baccalaureate

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bruce Berdanier, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

environmental design topics and project management topics to junior and seniorlevel undergraduates in Civil Engineering at both Ohio Northern University and the SouthDakota School of Mines and Technology. The paper is presented here as a case study of aspecific project for the professional development of engineering faculty.It is suggested that a definition of Liberation Engineering for the governance of international Page 11.1436.2service work be considered in guiding the efforts of our society members in their internationalservice pursuits: “Liberation Engineering is the study and implementation of practices anddesigns to meet the “life needs” of

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Methods

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beth Wittig, City College of the City University of New York

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

engineering projects7. Learn to professionally communicate technical findings and develop ability to work effectively in a groupThe objectives of the new EnvE course are as follows:1. Develop understanding of water quality parameters used in characterizing water and wastewater pollution (augmented by laboratory experiments)2. Motivate the need for water and domestic wastewater treatment3. Develop knowledge of commonly used technologies in water and wastewater treatment (augmented by laboratory experiments)4. Given raw water quality and effluent requirements, recommend and justify a train of treatment of processes5. Develop knowledge of commonly used technologies in air pollution treatment (augmented by laboratory experiments)6. Given input

Conference Session

Capstone Courses II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

C. Stewart Slater, Rowan University; Mariano Savelski, Rowan University; Robert Hesketh, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

2006-279: GREEN ENGINEERING DESIGN THROUGH PROJECT-BASEDINDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIPSC. Stewart Slater, Rowan University C. Stewart Slater is a Professor and Founding Chair of Chemical Engineering at Rowan University. He received his Ph.D., M.S. and B.S. from Rutgers University. His research and teaching interests are in the area of membrane technology where he has applied this to fields such as specialty chemical manufacture, green engineering, bio/pharmaceutical manufacture and food processing. He is the recipient of the 1999 Chester Carlson Award, 1999 and 1998 Joseph J. Martin Award, 1996 George Westinghouse Award, and the 1989 Dow Outstanding New Faculty Award.Mariano Savelski, Rowan

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Undergraduate Research

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Doheny-Farina, Clarkson University; Fa-Gung Fan, Xerox Corp.; Xiangwei Liu, Clarkson University; Cetin Cetinkaya, Clarkson University; John Mclaughlin, Clarkson University; Suresh Dhaniyala, Clarkson University; Jeffrey Taylor, Clarkson University; David Schmidt, University of Maryland-College Park; Kambiz Nazridoust, Clarkson University; Goodarz Ahmadi, Clarkson University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

courses were taught it at two campusessimultaneously.Introduction Understanding particle transport, deposition and removal are of crucialimportance to many technologies that are critical for the competitiveness of the USmicroelectronic, imaging and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, solving a number ofenvironmental problems requires a detail understanding of particle transport processes.In the last decade, significant research progress in the areas of particle transport,deposition and removal has been made. The primary objective of this combined researchand curriculum development project is to make the fruits of these new important researchfindings available to seniors and first year graduate students in engineering throughdeveloping

Conference Session

Capstone Courses II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Borchers, Kettering University; David Rinard, Steelcase, Inc.; Trevor Harding, Kettering University; Terri Lynch-Caris, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

using environmentally friendly practices andmaterials. One author [4] notes that “sustainability may be the central element of the mostsuccessful steps in addressing environmental concerns” in the office furniture market. As apractical matter, for example, the vast majority of requests for proposal in this market requireenvironmental responses.Engineering organizations have recognized the need to address sustainable economicdevelopment, yet curricular changes are only beginning to take place. According to the NationalAcademy of Engineering, the growing environmental crisis means that “Engineering practicesmust incorporate attention to sustainable technology, and engineers need to be educated toconsider issues of sustainability in all aspects of