Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Orlich, Washington State University; William Thomson, Washington State University; Richard Zollars, Washington State University

faculty member at WSU, similar to what was donein co-TEACH. A more exciting application of this technology will be to bring the K-12 studentsinto the faculty member’s research laboratory to let them see activities and equipment that wouldnot be accessible to them at their school. We also wish to obtain better follow-up on student attitudes concerning engineering aftertheir teachers have been participants in our program. We are currently working with a facultymember in the Department of Educational Leadership and Counseling Psychology, whosespecialty is assessment, on developing an instrument to measure the student’s attitudes towardsengineering. This instrument will be used in the classrooms of the participating teachers beforeand after

Conference Session

Physical Models and Other Interactive Tools

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Welch, U.S. Military Academy; James Ledlie Klosky

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Conference & Exposition, American Society for Engineering Education, June 1998.9. Rais-Rohani, M., Brown, D.T., “Development of a Virtual Laboratory for the Study of Mechanics,” Proceedings of the 2000 American Society of Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, American Society for Engineering Education, June 2000.10. Compendex Search Engine, Copyright © 2003 by Elsevier Engineering Information Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, U.S.A.11. Lowman, Joseph, “Mastering the Techniques of Teaching,” Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, 1995, p. 194.12. Wankat, P.C., and F.S. Oreovicz, “Teaching Engineering,” McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1993, p. 94.13. Lowman, Joseph, “Mastering the Techniques of Teaching,” Jossey-Bass, San Francisco

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maura Borrego, Virginia Tech

Technology, Teaching and science education, engineering or Initiatives Learning Laboratory higher education Assistant or Ph.D. South Dakota School of Mines, Backgrounds in all areas of engineering Associate professor, First Year Experience and science will be considered STEM education research Associate Professor, Ph.D. Arizona State University, Ira A. Earned doctorate in engineering or Engineering Fulton School of Engineering closely related field Education* Assistant or Ph.D. Stony Brook University, Doctorate in science and technology Associate Professor

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade in Research

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Schuster, California Polytechnic State University; Charles Birdsong, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

packages, so very limited facilities are available to start a research program. As a result,the start-up costs of the research may be higher than at research institutions. For many newfaculty, there is no existing research group to join, so the faculty member starts from scratch. Inaddition to these external challenges, often the PUI is not set up to support the faculty inobtaining external research funds, as this may be a relatively new activity there.Locating facilities for research is difficult at a PUI. Faculty must find a way to useundergraduate teaching laboratories for their research, or need to locate funds to outfit a new lab. Page

Conference Session

Improving ME education: Broad Topics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kim Shollenberger, California Polytechnic State University; James Widmann, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

eight years at Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, before joining the faculty at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, as an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering. Currently she teaches thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics. Her research is in the area of multiphase flows and computational modeling of thermal-fluid systems. Page 11.1168.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Student use of Textbook Solution Manuals: Student and Faculty Perspectives in a Large Mechanical Engineering DepartmentAbstractAnecdotal evidence

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wesley Stone, Western Carolina University; Chip Ferguson, Western Carolina University; Aaron Ball, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

2006-2465: ENGAGEMENT IN INDUSTRY: PREPARING UNDERGRADUATEENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS FOR GRADUATE STUDYWesley Stone, Western Carolina University Wes Stone is an Assistant Professor of Engineering Technology at Western Carolina University. He earned his B.S at the University of Texas at Austin, his M.S. at Penn State University, and his Ph.D. at the Georgia Institute of Technology. His industrial experience includes manufacturing and six sigma quality, which are current areas of interest. He teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in solid mechanics, quality, and capstone design at Western Carolina.Chip Ferguson, Western Carolina University Chip W. Ferguson is an Assistant Professor of

Conference Session

Issues in Digital Signal Processing

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

CHIH-WEI HUANG, Arizona State University; Ashwinn Natarajan, Arizona State University; Rony Ferzli, Arizona State University; Andreas Spanias, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

6. REFERENCES[1] T. B. Welch, C. H. G. Wright, and M. G. Morrow, “Experiences in Offering A DSP-based Communication Laboratory,” Digital Signal Proc. Workshop, 2004 and the 3rd IEEE Sig. Proc. Education Workshop, pp. 68-72, Aug 2004[2] W.-S. Gan, “Teaching and Learning the Hows and Whys of Real-Time Digital Signal Processing,” IEEE Trans. on Educ., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 336-343, Nov. 2002[3] M. D. Galanis, A. Papazacharias, and E. Zigouris, “A DSP Course for Real-Time Systems Design and Implementation Based on the TMS320C6211 DSK,” 14th International Conf. On Dig. Sig. Proc., vol. 2, pp. 853-856, July 2002[4] S. L. Wood, G. C. Orsak, J. R. Treichler, D. C. Munson, S. C. Douglas, R. Athale, and M. A. Yoder, “DSP

Conference Session

Developing New Instrumentation

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Narciso Macia, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Electronics and Computer Engineering Technology Arizona State University at the Polytechnic campusAbstractThis paper presents a closed-loop, position control system, using two interconnected, DCsolenoids in a pull-pull arrangement, and controlled by an Allen-Bradley, MicroLogix 1500LRP, Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). This PLC, and similar equipment possessing A/Dand D/A modules, are excellent vehicles for teaching closed-loop control, since they are easy toprogram and do not require a substantial background in programming. This feature makes it veryattractive since our control classes and laboratories are populated by students from mechanical

Conference Session

Electromechanical & Manufacturing ET Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raju Dandu, Kansas State University-Salina

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

lighting is growing at least as fast as overall electricity demand. If a coordinatedeffort such as this market transformation program by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory(PNNL) is not successful, then lighting will remain a major cause for increased consumption ofelectricity.Further more the demand for electricity to meet the lighting needs is continuing to rise, allowingincreased energy bills, air pollution, and emissions of greenhouse gases. The fact is energyefficient lighting offers one of the best energy reduction opportunities. With efficient use ofexisting lighting technologies and controls, better residential/light commercial lighting design,better attention to energy efficient recessed CFL downlight fixtures, could cut the

Conference Session

International Engineering Education I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Akbar Eslami, Elizabeth City State University; Mehran Elahi, Elizabeth City State University

Tagged Divisions

International

Tech. His research interests are in Composite materials and control. Page 11.360.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Conversion of an Obsolete Manually Operated Universal Testing Machine into a Hydraulic Hot-Press with Communications CapabilityIntroductionThe improvement of outdated laboratory equipment is a useful and often overlooked resourcethat has several advantages. One obvious advantage is that it saves money by adding newcapability and reducing capital expense for newer equipment. Another advantage is the honing ofskills by the people who make the improvements. Yet a third

Conference Session

Rethinking Aerospace Curricula and Learning

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Narayanan Komerath, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

and logic copying everything from the board. from electronic screen.Progression towards iterative learningTable 3 summarizes progress that I have made towards enabling students to use iteration inlearning engineering. In the early 1990s, dynamic digital imaging capabilities became accessibleon personal computers, especially the Apple Macintosh, with reasonable levels of coding effort.By integrating these into course assignments4, students could use images of real flows,conveying physical insight on dynamic phenomena. Laboratory experiments incorporated workwith digital video. This found use in teaching static deflection modes, structural dynamics, andfluid dynamics. Solutions of differential equations could be linked

Conference Session

Digital System Design

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sin Ming Loo, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

desiredmicroprocessor/microcontroller is used in the laboratory to introduce the hands-on experience. This well-thought-out course structure has been working really well, and students completing this course usuallyhave the skills to build a small-scale system.Things are starting to change in embedded system design due to field programmable devices. In the olddays, programmable devices were used as glue logic, but their use is no longer limited to this role.Programmable devices have also been benefited from the shrinking of transistors, allowing moreresources to be packed into a programmable device. With the continued increase of usable FPGA gatesand improvement of off-the-shelf soft processor core computer-aided design (CAD) tools, it is nowpossible to teach a

Conference Session

BME Curriculum Development

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Harris, Vanderbilt University; Sean Brophy, Purdue University; Robert Linsenmeier, Northwestern University; Alene Harris, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

the director of the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center in Bioengineering Educational Technologies.Sean Brophy, Purdue University Dr. Sean Brophy is Assistant Professor of Engineering Education at Purdue University. He is the Director of the Learning Science Thrust for the VaNTH ERC. He holds degrees in engineering and a Ph.D. in Teaching and Learning. He is an expert on learning science with an emphasis on the "How People Learn" educational framework and challenge-based instruction in engineering.Robert Linsenmeier, Northwestern University Robert A. Linsenmeier is Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Neurobiology& Physiology at Northwestern University. He holds the

Conference Session

Issues in Digital Signal Processing

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Murat Tanyel, Geneva College

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

2006-814: VIRTUAL TOOLKIT FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AS A TOOLFOR INNOVATIONMurat Tanyel, Geneva College Murat Tanyel is a professor of engineering at Geneva College. He teaches upper level electrical engineering courses. Prior to Geneva College, Dr. Tanyel taught at Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA from Aug. 1995 to Aug. 2003. Prior to 1995, he was at Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA where he worked for the Enhanced Educational Experience for Engineering Students (E4) project, setting up and teaching laboratory and hands-on computer experiments for engineering freshmen and sophomores. For one semester, he was also a visiting professor at the United Arab Emirates University in Al-Ain, UAE

Conference Session

Mechanical ET Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Dean, Old Dominion University; Gary Crossman, Old Dominion University; Alok Verma, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Marine Academy in 1964 and his M.E. degree in 1970 from Old Dominion University, where he has served on the faculty for over 34 years. Professor Crossman is a Fellow of ASEE and the recipient of the James H. McGraw Award for leadership in engineering technology education. He is also a registered Professional Engineer in VirginiaAlok Verma, Old Dominion University Dr. Alok K. Verma is Ray Ferrari Professor and, Director of the Automated Manufacturing Laboratory at Old Dominion University. He also serves as the Chief Technologist of the Lean Institute and MET Program Director at ODU. Alok received his B.S. in Aeronautical Engineering, MS in Engineering Mechanics and PhD in Mechanical Engineering

Conference Session

Meeting ABET Requirements

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig Gunn, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Integrating Communication Skills into a Mechanical Engineering DepartmentOverviewWith the changes in accreditation through the current ABET criteria, providing adequate writing,graphic, and speaking skills can easily become the second most important issue for engineeringdepartments next to the teaching of the technical skills themselves. As more and moredepartments are seeking accreditation under the new rules, it is vital that varying methods ofaddressing skill acquisition be viewed. The engineering student's already extensive list ofrequirements, in most cases, can not be burdened with more credits, though. This creates adilemma that can only be solved by providing communication skill instruction in as manyengineering classes

Conference Session

Defining Technological Literacy

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Krupczak, Hope College; David Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

studies the wide variety of technology used in everyday life. Modernsociety would not exist without the aid of technology. We depend upon technologicaldevices for communication, food production, transportation, health care and evenentertainment. The course objectives are to develop a familiarity with how varioustechnological devices work and to understand the scientific principles underlying theiroperation. Topics covered include the automobile, radio, television, CD players,microwave ovens, computers, ultrasound, and x-ray imaging. Concepts from basicscience are introduced as they appear in the context of technology. Laboratory projectsinclude construction of simple objects such as radios, electric motors, and a musicalkeyboard. Since its

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Goff, Virginia Tech; Janis Terpenny, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

2006-1676: CAPSTONE DESIGN, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT ORPERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE?Richard Goff, Virginia Tech RICHARD M. GOFF Richard Goff is an Associate Professor and Assistant Department Head of the Department of Engineering Education in the College of Engineering at Virginia Tech. He is also the Director of the Frith Freshman Engineering Design Laboratory and the Faculty Advisor of the VT Mini-Baja Team. He is actively involved in bringing joy and adventure to the educational process and is the recipient of numerous University teaching awards.Janis Terpenny, Virginia Tech JANIS P. TERPENNY Janis Terpenny is an Associate Professor in the Department of Engineering

Conference Session

Student Misconceptions and Problem Solving Abiltiy

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Prince, Bucknell University; Margot Vigeant, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

forStudents to Master in Thermal and Transport Science. In American Society of Engineering Education. 2003.Nashville, TN.25. Grant, A., and D. Latimer. Bromination and Debromination of Cholesterol: An Inquiry-Based Lab InvolvingStructure Elucidation, Reaction Mechanism, and (Sup)1H Nmr. Journal of Chemistry Education, 2003. 80. 670.26. Londraville, R., P. Niewiarowski, R. Laipply, and Owens, K. Inquiry Based Laboratories for IntroductoryBiology. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 2002. 42. 1267.27. Tretter, T., and M. Jones. Relationships Between Inquiry-Based Teaching and Physical Science StandardizedTest Scores. School Science and Mathematics, 2003. 103. 345.28. Heflich, D., J. Dixon, and K. Davis. Taking it to the Field: The Authentic

Conference Session

International Case Studies, Collaborations and Interactions

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wenlung Li, National Taipei University of Technology; Jhy-Cherng Tsai, National Chung-Hsing University, TAIWAN; Wei-Chung Wang, National Tsing-Hua University, TAIWAN; Cheng-Kuo Sung, National Tsing-Hua University, TAIWAN; Jennie Wu, Ministry of Education, TAIWAN

Tagged Divisions

International

the most important, comprehensive andfundamental technologies for industries. Major achievements of the program includeestablishment of the expertise laboratories, the educational resource integration and outcomessharing, the e-education, the hands-on project competitions and the community service. Inaddition, the program also encourages the communities to organize the academy-industryalliances (AIA). During year 2001 to 2004, ten educational alliances, directed by the educationalresource centers (ERC), were formed in the past four years with more than 78 academic and 25industrial partners participated. Moreover, about 54 expertise laboratories are establishedtogether with accompanying courses and lecture materials. The outcomes and

Conference Session

On Pedagogy of Lab Courses and Their Design

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nobuyuki Kitashoji, Kanazawa Institute of Technology; Eiichi Sentoku, Kanazawa Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

experimental skills sothat students will be able to use an experiment as a flexible tool for problem-finding andproblem-solving in a self-directed manner. This objective has been established as aconsequence of repeated curriculum reforms since 1997.Before 1997, these laboratory courses were targeted on letting students experience the mainengineering phenomena and to teach them how to use instrumentation. Instructors designedan experiment and prepared everything for it prior to the classes, and students studied witha textbook beforehand and conducted the arranged experiment in class. This method helpedstudents to experience various engineering phenomena efficiently but did not build theirability to update their knowledge and seek new knowledge and

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary and Liberal Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tom Roberts, Kansas State University; John Mingle, Kansas State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

2006-1823: ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGING: CROSSING DOMAINSTom Roberts, Kansas State UniversityJohn Mingle, Kansas State University JOHN O. MINGLE, Ph.D., J.D. Emeritus Professor of Engineering, Kansas State University First started teaching chemical engineering in the late 1950’s and experienced significant changes in engineering education during the 1960 - 70’s. Obtained J.D. in the 80’s, retired from teaching nuclear engineering in the early 90’s and continues to practice patent law. Served as professor and advisor for co-author Roberts in the 60’s-70’s. Page 11.570.1© American Society for Engineering

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael McGrath, University of Colorado-Boulder

2006-2564: BRIDGING THE GAP TO THE ENGINEER OF 2020Michael McGrath, University of Colorado-Boulder Mr. McGrath is the Engineering Director at the Laboratory for Atmospheric an Space Physics, and Professor Adjunct in Aerospace Engineering Sciences at the University of Colorado -- Boulder. Page 11.286.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Bridging the Gap to the Engineer of 2020The NAE report on the Engineer of 2020 describes the growing separationbetween the needs of industry and the focus of academia, and cites the desireto close this growing gap. At the Laboratory for Atmospheric and

Conference Session

Trend in Construction Engineering Education I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amitabha Bandyopadhyay, SUNY

Tagged Divisions

Construction

, to the teaching of writing. Better writing notonly makes for better students, it creates better teachers, better parents, better employees,and better citizens. Investment in writing today will have a cumulative effect on oureconomic growth, and on the strength of our democracy long into the future.”4 Now thequestion is how we teach writing to our technical students. Some of our colleagues inengineering and technology like to leave it our presumed expert colleagues in Englishdepartment. They would like to see that when the students get passing grades in English101, English 102, and possibly in a course like technical communication, they learned tocommunicate effectively so that the faculty in the technical discipline could concentrateon

Conference Session

Diversity, Recruiting, and Retention in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Richardson, Purdue University; Emily Toner, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

involves the basic design of a learning device to teach auser the name of numbers and how to spell them. The facilitator leads the participants tothe development system described earlier. In preparation for the workshop, eachparticipant has been provided with a laboratory station fully equipped to develop a toy.Since the identity of the numbers will be encoded in a binary fashion, the binarynumbering system is briefly taught to the workshop participants. Once the binarynumbering system has been demonstrated, binary patterns are assigned to the individualnumbers. These binary patterns will be set on the toggle switches to identify the numberof interest.The binary numbers are read by the microcontroller through a program developed withthe C

Conference Session

Factors Affecting Student Performance

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daria Kotys-Schwartz, University of Colorado-Boulder; Lawrence Carlson, University of Colorado-Boulder; Derek Reamon, University of Colorado

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

2006-1264: EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF INTERACTIVITY ON STUDENTPERFORMANCEDaria Kotys-Schwartz, University of Colorado-Boulder DARIA KOTYS-SCHWARTZ is a doctoral candidate and instructor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Colorado at Boulder. She earned B.S. and M.S. degrees in mechanical engineering at The Ohio State University. Her research interests include polymer processing, development of student assessment measures, gender disparity in engineering and innovative instructional methodology.Lawrence Carlson, University of Colorado-Boulder LAWRENCE E. CARLSON is a founding co-director of the Integrated Teaching and Learning Laboratory and Program, as

Conference Session

Writing and Communication II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Luke Niiler; David Beams, University of Texas-Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

that the faculty has determined to be important.” 7 And in a pithyassessment of the value of clear written communication for the engineer, Forsyth (2004) notesthat “the effort involved” in careful drafting “will pay dividends.” 8 The authors of this study Page 11.694.2understand the value of writing within engineering practice. The University of Texas at Tylerfounded its School of Engineering (now the College of Engineering and Computer Science) in1997, and industrial experience was required in all founding faculty, including Dr. Beams whowrote numerous laboratory reports, letters to vendors and customers, memoranda, testinstructions, failure

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Design

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Dahm, Rowan University; Dom Acciani, Rowan University; Jennifer Courtney, Rowan University; Chenguang Diao, Rowan University; Roberta Harvey, Rowan University; William Riddell, Rowan University; Bernard Pietrucha, Rowan University; Paris von Lockette, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

Assistant Professor of Writing Arts at Rowan University. She received her Ph.D. from Purdue University. Her interests include gender and communication and information literacy.Chenguang Diao, Rowan University Chenguang Diao obtained his PhD from University of Maryland Baltimore County in 2004, received post-doctoral training in Carnegie Mellon University from 2004 to 2005, and is currently an Assistant Professor at Rowan University.Roberta Harvey, Rowan University Roberta Harvey is an Assistant Professor of Writing Arts at Rowan University and has been teaching writing to engineering students for over ten years and has been a part of Rowan’s Sophomore Clinic team since 1998. She

Conference Session

Engineering Without Borders Programs Involving Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bernard Amadei, University of Colorado-Boulder; Robyn Sandekian, University of Colorado-Boulder; R. Scott Summers, University of Colorado-Boulder; Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado-Boulder

Tagged Divisions

International

them can be found at www.edc-cu.org/Education.htm.Starting in spring 2004, an outdoor teaching laboratory has been created on the CU Boulder campusthat gives students the opportunity to practice sustainable building techniques in an outdoor setting.The Field Laboratory for Applied Sustainable Technologies (FLAST) allows students to gain Page 11.566.7experience with low cost, low maintenance green building materials through active and experientiallearning (www.edc-cu.org/FLAST.htm). In 2004, the laboratory was used as an integral part of theteaching of Sustainability and the Built Environment, which wastaught to graduate and undergraduate

Conference Session

Computing Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Bailey, Brigham Young University; Barry Lunt, Brigham Young University; Gordon Romney, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

Pusey’s statement concerning funding for a computer laboratory:“Harvard did not get to be where it is by spending old money on new things.”3It is possible that the Second World War delayed the academic progress of computing bydiverting academics such as Vannevar Bush and John von Neumann into national service;however the government resources that continued to be poured into computing followingthe war followed these scholars and others back to university laboratories upon theirreturn. The result was thriving university research at facilities that were well connected.The first academic computer activity consisted of course offerings to graduate studentsfollowing the war. At MIT, Caldwell began teaching a course in digital computers in theelectrical