Conference Session

Outreach Projects and General Energy Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Valentina Cecchi, Drexel University; Michael Kleinberg, Drexel University; Milo Tong, Drexel University; Bridget Kleinberg, Drexel University; Karen Miu, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Annual Conference and Exposition, June 22-25, 2003.[11] National Instruments, SCXI-1001 User Manual, Texas, 1996.[12] National Instruments, NI-DAQ User Manual for PC Compatibles, Texas, 1995.[13] Likert, R. "A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes" Archives of Psychology 140, 55, 1932[14] Redfield, R., Self, B., “New Approaches in Teaching Undergraduate Dynamics,” Proc. of the 2001ASEE Conference & Exposition, Albuquerque, NM. 2001[15] Kellogg R., Mann J., Dieterich A., “Developing and using rubrics to evaluate subjective Engineering laboratory and design reports,” Proc. of the 2001ASEE Conference & Exposition, Albuquerque, NM. 2001.[16] Boy Scout Merit Badge Requirement, Electricity [http://www.meritbadge.com/mb/043.htm]. 2

Conference Session

Novel Applications of Computers/Software in Energy Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Liping Guo, University of Northern Iowa; Recayi 'Reg' Pecen

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

) software package is used toaccompany the teaching of a power electronics application course. PSCAD is a software packagefor power system simulations developed by Manitoba HVDC Research Centre1. Free trial andstudent versions are offered on the web site at www.pscad.com. This is especially attractive forstudents because they are able to download the software on their personal computer and work onthe simulation before or after the laboratory. PSCAD results are solved as instantaneous valuesin time, but can be converted to phasor magnitudes and angles via built-in transducer andmeasurement functions. This is very similar to how real system measurements are performed,such as rms meters and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) spectrum analyzers. The

Conference Session

Creating 'Materials' Awareness

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Bridge, Maine Maritime Academy; Barbara Fleck, Maine Maritime Academy

Tagged Divisions

Materials

can be contacted at john.bridge@mma.eduBarbara Fleck, Maine Maritime Academy Barbara Fleck is an Associate Professor in the Engineering Department at Maine Maritime Academy and a professional engineer. She began teaching at MMA in 1994 after working with several research and development groups, including Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Sunpower, Inc. and Stirling Technology, Inc. She can be contacted at Maine Maritime Academy, Castine, ME 04420; 207-326-2103, or bfleck@mma.edu Page 12.648.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Engineering

Conference Session

Design in the ECE Curriculum

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yi Cheng, California State Polytechnic University-Pomona; Kathleen Hayden, California State Polytechnic University-Pomona; Zekeriya Aliyazicioglu, California State Polytechnic University-Pomona

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

flexible and powerful embedded system. Furthermore, theseboards can also serve as platforms to explore the SHC system design and testing. Wedecided to change an existing junior-level course in IBM-PC Interfacing [2] to anintroductory course in SHC, and offered it in fall 2006.2. SHC Lecture and Laboratory CourseThis junior-level hardware-software co-design course consists of a 4-unit lecture and aone-unit laboratory. Students attend a 65-minute lecture three times a week, and a 3-hourlaboratory course. The pre-requisites of this course are the two digital logic courses,which teach basic logic analysis, design and simulation using Verilog design, two C/C++programming courses, and one introductory embedded system course.2.1 Lecture CourseThe lecture

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ian Papautsky, University of Cincinnati; Ali Asgar Bhagat, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

microfluidics and MEMS devices for chemical and biological assays. He was the teaching assistant for the Biochip Laboratory course discussed in this paper. Page 12.971.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Introducing Microfluidics to Electrical Engineers: An Integrated Problem-Based Learning ExperienceIntroductionMicrofluidics is a multidisciplinary field comprising of physics, chemistry, engineering andbiotechnology that studies the behavior of fluids at the microscale and the design of systems thattake advantage of such behavior. The behavior of fluids at the microscale differ from“macrofluidic

Conference Session

ECET Curriculum

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jerome Tapper, Northeastern University; Francis Dibella, Northeastern University; Walter Buchanan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

light. This lab could serve as a Page 12.113.4“pilot” test case for this venue. If it were to fail, there would be no great loss in dollars forinfrastructure development. However, if it were to be successful, a larger space would need to befound and remodeled to fit this unique new classroom/laboratory application.Course Popularity GrowsThe courses (two different ones that had been developed) were run in this space for about a yearas day program courses. Having taught many other courses, the instructor, Professor Tapper, hada great deal of prior experience teaching both lecture and laboratory courses, but never had heexperienced anything like

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan Hill, University of Hartford

, 2007 Incorporating Studio Format into an Introductory Microprocessor CourseAbstractIn the fall 2002 semester I expanded an introductory microprocessor course by adding studiocontent and received very positive results. Studio format is a method of teaching engineeringmaterial, using cooperative learning and hands on activities. This course is a requirement for allof our electrical engineering and computer engineering undergraduate students. The coursepreviously did not have laboratory content and in expanding the course we chose studio as analternative to laboratory format. Unlike other uses of studio format, the lecture component wasretained as-is. In this case studio is scheduled separately

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators: Tricks of the Trade II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claude Villiers, Florida Gulf Coast University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

author implemented more lectures in which heutilized the board more effectively. Doing so, he believed that this modification improved boththe student learning and instructor’s rating. Finelli et al.6 also noted that student feedback has themost positive impact of all on student ratings on teaching.Geometric design of Transportation facilitiesBoth graduate and undergraduate senior students were enrolled in this course. The mainobjective of this course was to teach the students the principles pertinent to the planning anddesign of transportation facilities and their applications in the design of functional and safesystems to satisfy the demands of the transportation industry. No laboratory tests were conductedin this course. Contrary to the

Conference Session

Computer-Assisted Lab Studies

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lee Toderick, East Carolina University; Jingyuan Deng, East Carolina University; Philip Lunsford, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

7 35% Close faculty supervision and/or limited lab times 5 25% Other (please specify)* 2 10%*Two specific answers were given to this questionWireless capability will only be available in and around our new Technology Building. Studentswill have to register IP addresses and students who use the wireless will not be able to access ourcampus network.We began with teaching 802.11A; we now tone down the AP and use the available security toprevent unauthorized access.4. Would your capital budget support a shielded wireless laboratory environment includingwireless equipment and laboratory exercise supporting 12 students

Conference Session

Computer Engineering Technology Curriculum

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xuefu Zhou, University of Cincinnati; James Everly, University of Cincinnati; Max Rabiee, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 discusses course development anddescribes the context, course objectives, references, and laboratory exercises. Section 3 presentsour teaching experiences and reflections and, finally, Section 4 presents conclusions.2. Course DevelopmentA. Context and ObjectivesWith the exception of this new course, there are a few existing courses in the ECET curriculumpertinent to communication techniques and networking. They include Electronic Communications,Digital Communications, and RF Communications together with Computer Networks and a threecourse sequence in Telecommunications.The first introduction to communications concepts occurs at the sophomore level in ElectronicCommunications. This course focuses on

Conference Session

Effective Learning Innovations in Civil Engineering Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Blake Tullis, Utah State University; Steven Barfuss, Utah Stat University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

in the laboratory, the students are also able tosee the effects of pipe velocity and pipe pressure on diffuser port discharge efficiency.They also learn that it can be difficult to build a structure or device exactly like the outputof a computer program indicates. It is one thing to design a perfect widget, but another toask someone else to build it exactly as designed for a reasonable cost.Weir design: In some cases, a more inductive teaching approach is used as new topics areintroduced in the laboratory first. Students are given the opportunity to design, build, andtest a structure with limited knowledge of that specific topic. These design experiencesoften provide students with opportunities for discovery through both their successes

Conference Session

Technology Literacy for Non-Engineers

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

Development of the ability to respond critically to scientific and technological issues in civic affairs . Understanding the interactions among science, technology and values.Course modification to include lab componentsWe adapted our “take apart” lab of consumer electronic and household devices to teachyoung engineers the both the vocabulary and modes of thought of their profession, inSpanish, and to demonstrate the lab to be an effective teaching tool in the class: Spanish:Language, Technology, and Culture”Following the format of our original product and process laboratory for engineeringstudents1 our language students worked in teams of four, beginning by researching thehistory and principles of their device, both in English and

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary and Liberal Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

modes of thought of their profession, inSpanish, and to demonstrate the lab to be an effective teaching tool in the class: Spanish:Language, Technology, and Culture”Following the format of our original product and process laboratory for engineeringstudents1 our language students worked in teams of four, beginning by researching thehistory and principles of their device, both in English and Spanish. They used the deviceto evaluate its functionality and disassemble and reassemble it to study its optics,mechanics, and circuit boards. Subsequently, they presented their device to otherstudents, in Spanish. Thus, they furthered their knowledge of device, language, andculture. In doing so they derived all the benefits of the original language program

Conference Session

Building Knowledge Based Economies: the Role of Industry-University-Government Partnerships

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aaron Ball, Western Carolina University; Duane Dunlap, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

International

AC 2007-1528: A COLLABORATIVEUNIVERSITY-COLLEGE-INDUSTRY-GOVERNMENT TECHNOLOGYTRANSFER PROJECTAaron Ball, Western Carolina University Dr. Ball is an Associate Professor of Engineering and Technology within the Kimmel School at Western Carolina University. Dr. Ball served as the PI on three year funded project by Oak Ridge National Laboratory to help develop a new product with the collaboration of a College-Industry-Government partnership.Duane Dunlap, Western Carolina University Dr. Dunlap is Professor of Engineering and Technology within the Kimmel School and has the honor of serving as the Director for the Kimmel School and Associate Dean for the College of Applied Sciences at Western

Conference Session

ECE Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jimmy Linn, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and applications ofsome innovative technologies in the classroom. I have chosen to concentrate on one suchtechnology in this paper. This technology is the use of computer based laboratory experiments inlieu of or to supplement hands-on laboratory experiments. I will focus on computer based labexperiments. The driving force behind this technology is to speed up student progress onlaboratory experiments and make the learning experience in the lab more efficient. I choose theelectrical field to concentrate my discussion because my background is in electronics and I havesignificant experience teaching electrical courses with accompanying labs. I will first give some

Conference Session

Developing New Instrumentation

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sean Brennan, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

education, graduate education, and graduate-level research. Ananalysis is offered of the different operational and educational requirements across thesedifferent levels of instruction. In many cases, these educational tiers present non-complementaryrequirements including different expectations on ease of use, durability, compatibility, softwarecomplexity, and performance. This work presents a laboratory development strategy that assistsin balancing research and teaching while simultaneously fostering new activity in both areas.IntroductionWhen faced with developing laboratory or research hardware across undergraduate, graduate,and research level applications, the historical solution at many educational institutes is simply topurchase and support

Conference Session

Practice/Partnership/Program Issues

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mahmoud Alahmad, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Matthew Pfannenstiel, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Douglas Alvine, Alvine Engineering; Clarence Waters, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

andoutside building grounding measurements. Page 12.572.7C. Laboratory Environment – Teaching MethodsThis laboratory setting introduces the students to the production aspect of the industry andpromotes spatial awareness and equipment functionality. During the course of this lab, studentsalso further develop the ability to function in groups in a collaborative effort. According toRichard M. Felder, cooperatively taught students tend to exhibit higher academic achievement,greater persistence through graduation, better high-level reasoning and critical thinking skills,deeper understanding of learned material, more on-task and less disruptive behavior in

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary Crossman, Old Dominion University; Anthony Dean, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. The Logistics of Teaching an Interactive Television Course to Remote Sites, Proceedings of the 1997 ASEE Annual Conference, Session 1649, Milwaukee, WI, June 1997. 2. Crossman, G. How Far Can We Go with Distance Learning?, Proceedings of the 1999 ASEE Conference for Industry and Education Collaboration, Session ETD 443, Palm Springs, CA, February 1999. 3. Crossman, G. A CD-ROM Based Laboratory in Fluid Mechanics, Proceedings of the 2001 ASEE Annual Conference, Session 2247, Albuquerque, NM, June 2001. 4. Lewis, V. and Kauffman, P. General Engineering Technology. A Broader Spectrum of Students Needs, Proceedings of the 2002 ASEE Annual Conference, Session 2247, Montreal, QB

Conference Session

Recruiting, Retention and Diversity in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca Blust, University of Dayton; Mark Patterson, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

to have certain questions relating to the subject eitherbefore or after the class. The questions indicate a good understanding of the topics discussed in class.Some additional aspects that were noticed were that the Chinese students learn by doing, are taskoriented, know how to get things done, and want to fully understand the theory before being asked toverify it in the laboratory. It was noticed in a few classes that the students didn’t want to start the labuntil they fully understood the theory behind the experiment. They often learn by watching theirclassmates around them, and then by doing. This helps to reinforce their knowledge. Theyparticipate in plant tours and are eager to always learn more.Challenging AspectsBased on the teaching

Conference Session

Innovations in Mechanical Engineering Experiments and Labs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Don Dekker, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

AC 2007-410: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN MECH LAB I AT THE UNIVERSITYOF SOUTH FLORIDADon Dekker, University of South Florida Don Dekker is currently an Adjunct Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of South Florida. He is currently teaching Mechanical Engineering Laboratory I, and Capstone Design at USF. Before his retirement in 2001, Don taught at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. He first joined ASEE in 1974 and some of his ASEE activities include Zone II Chairman (86-88), Chairman of DEED (89-90), and General Chair of FIE ‘87. His degrees are: PhD, Stanford University, 1973; MSME, University of New Mexico, 1963; and BSME, Rose Polytechnic Institute, 1961

Conference Session

Innovations in Mechanical Engineering Experiments and Labs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nebojsa Jaksic, Colorado State University-Pueblo; Dawn Spencer, Colorado State University-Pueblo

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

., Wick, C., and Piper, G., “Teaching Robot Design: Student-Driven, Open-Ended Design Projects,” Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Session 2006-1905, 2006.19. Froyd, J., Li, X., Srinivasa, A., Bassichis, W., Hodge, J., and Maxwell, D., “How Do Students in a Project- Based First-Year Engineering Curriculum Perform in a Sophomore Engineering Mechanics Course?,” Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Session 2006-1117, 2006.20. Greenwald, L. and Kopena, J., “Mobile Robot Labs,” IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine, vol. 10, No. 2, June 2003, pp. 25-32.21. http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/4435, accessed on 17 January 2007.22. Isom, J., “Lessons from the Laboratory with Brian Davis: NXT

Conference Session

Graduate Education and Undergraduate Research in ET

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jerry Visser, South Dakota State University; Kurt Rosentrater, USDA-ARS

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

for residue streams resulting from biofuel manufacturing operations. He is formerly an assistant professor at Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, in the Department of Technology. He received the Faculty of the Year award in 2002 sponsored by the NIU College of Engineering and Engineering Technology. Page 12.1146.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Partnership in Undergraduate Research ExperiencePractical laboratory and work experience has been helpful in reinforcing the undergraduateeducational experience. With limited resources, individual organizations may struggle to give

Conference Session

Best Practices for Campus Representatives

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles McIntyre, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Campus Representatives

society and attend the annual Section meeting at which the cash prize and certificate are presented. The candidate’s contribution to the profession should include at least four of the following: 1. Participation in the development of courses or curricula; 2. Development of teaching equipment or development of a wider application of teaching equipment previously developed; 3. Contribution to the improvement of laboratories or other facilities; 4. Development or authorship of instructional materials or a text that enhances the student learning process; 5. Publication of original work, through any medium, that enhances the engineering education process

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lakshmi Munukutla, Arizona State University; Richard Newman, Arizona State University; Arunachala Nadar Mada Kannan; Slobodan Petrovic, Arizona State University; Govindasamy Tamihzmani, Arizona State university

AC 2007-2028: ARIZONA-TEXAS CONSORTIUM FOR ALTERNATIVE ANDRENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESLakshmi Munukutla, Arizona State University Lakshmi Munukutla received her Ph.D. degree in Solid State Physics from Ohio University, Athens, Ohio and M.Sc and B.Sc degrees from Andhra University, India. She has been active in research and published several journal articles. She is the Chair of the Electronic Systems Department at Arizona State University at the Polytechnic campus.Richard Newman, Arizona State University Richard L. Newman recently retired from the Arizona State University at the Polytechnic campus as Director of Training Operations for the Microelectronics Teaching Factory. Prior to joining

Conference Session

Computer Tools for Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeff Frolik, University of Vermont

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

enhance both individual and team learning in these settings from both student andfaculty perspectives. The working premise was that Tablets have added benefit, in comparisonto laptops, since much engineering content consists of equations and diagrams, entry of which iscumbersome at best with a keyboard and/or mouse. A secondary objective was to ascertain howstudents would adopt and adapt to this new computing platform. Three distinct studies arediscussed in the following pages.Study 1: A First-Year Engineering Design LaboratorySince Spring 2005, Tablets have been utilized in the laboratory section of a first-year engineeringdesign course. This course is a requirement of our electrical and mechanical engineering majors.To date, ~250 students have

Conference Session

What's New in Dynamics?

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin Liaw, City College of the City University of New York; Ioana Voiculescu, City College of the City University of New York

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

materials, and (2) improving engineering education through innovative teaching and research techniques, with emphasis on attracting under-represented minorities and women. Through years he has published more than 70 refereed papers with funding support from NSF, NASA, ARPA, AFOSR, ARO, U.S. Army TACOM-TARDEC and ARDEC-Picatinny Arsenal, AT&T, Digital Equipment Corporation, Alliant Techsystems, Frontier Performance Polymers, NYS GRI and PSC CUNY. In addition to being active in research, he had also served as the ECSEL Project Director at CCNY in 1993-2001. The main charge of the NSF-funded ECSEL Coalition is to improve undergraduate engineering education through design across the

Conference Session

BME Assessment and the VaNTH ERC

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Verstraete, University of Akron

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

if each Course Outcome has been “tested”. It has also been our experiencethat the process is typically not completed until the beginning of the next term. This is not aproblem and typically necessary due to the need to review teaching evaluations which are notreturned to the faculty until early the following semester. The first time, the development ofFCARs also generated much confusion for the faculty, as does any new process. Severalrepetitions of this process were required after each semester (fall and spring) to develop thedesired result and the faculty all agreed that the process truly made them consider what they wereteaching, what they wanted the students to learn and whether the student were actually learningthe material sufficiently

Conference Session

Software and E-learning in the ME Curriculum

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Blekhman, California State University Los Angeles

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Students about Fluid Mechanics,” Proc. 2004 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, June, Salt Lake City, Utah.5. Appanaboyina, S. and Aung, K., 2004, “Development of a VRML Application for Teaching Fluid Mechanics,” Proc. 2004 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, June, Salt Lake City, Utah.6. Jia, R., Xu, S., Gao, S., Aziz, EL-S., Esche, S. and Chassapis, C., 2006, “A Virtual Laboratory on Fluid Mechanics,” Proc. 2006 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, June, Chicago, Illinois.7. LaRoche, R., Hutchings, B. and Muralikrishnan, R., 2002, “FlowLab: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Framework for Undergraduate Education,” Proc. 2002 ASEE/SEFI/TUB Colloquium.8. Munson, B., Young, D., and Okiishi, T., 2005

Conference Session

FPD4 -- Hands-on & Real-World Studies

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Menicucci, Montana State University; James Duffy, Montana State University; Betsy Palmer, Montana State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

AC 2007-1748: HANDS-ON INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICALENGINEERINGJoseph Menicucci, Montana State UniversityJames Duffy, Montana State UniversityBetsy Palmer, Montana State University Page 12.796.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Hands-On Introduction to Chemical and Biological EngineeringAbstractMontana State University has revised our freshman seminar course by modeling it afterRowan University’s exemplary Freshman Engineering Clinic which utilizes a hands-onlaboratory approach to introduce freshman students to engineering.In the first half of the course, innovative laboratory modules developed by faculty atMSU and Rowan were adapted and

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators: Tricks of the Trade I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrienne Minerick, Mississippi State University; Jason Keith, Michigan Technological University; Donald Visco, Tennessee Technological University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

inthe material. They can also be so lost that it requires additional faculty time in getting thestudents acquainted with what they actually need to do. The faculty member should be preparedto edit computer code on-the-fly. On a more positive note, the faculty member can also enlist thehelp of current graduate students, who are more experienced at solving the problems but need todevelop their teaching skills. As a final comment, the assigning of computational projects canpromote student-student interactions within a team environment.Within the laboratory there are more teaching opportunities readily available. Some students arevery hands-on and some are very hands-off. Either student can be good with technical theory.Careful attention and