Conference Session

ABET Accreditation of Multidisciplinary Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harvey Palmer, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

; but engineering will only contribute to success if it is able to continue toadapt to new trends and provide education … to arm [graduates] with the tools needed for theworld it will be, not as it is today.”4Strategies and ChallengesEngineering educators are well aware of the need to provide students with an education thatextends well beyond the fundamentals and design-oriented, practical embodiments of thestudents’ particular area of specialization. Indeed, the new ABET criteria clearly articulate that“engineering programs must demonstrate that their students attain … (c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical

Conference Session

Innovation in Construction Engineering Education II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Pocock, U.S. Air Force Academy; Steve Kuennen, U.S. Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Construction

the students enjoy a barbeque before an award Page 12.401.6ceremony. Awards are presented for several categories such as best cost estimate andbest schedule before the overall winning team is announced. The owner also gives abriefing on the actual project’s design and construction. Figure 2 – A Student Works with Industry Advisors during the Culminating CompetitionThis culminating competition helps bring the curriculum to a close on a high note as thecadets look forward to graduation and commissioning.Curriculum AssessmentThe Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering uses a variety of tools to assessthe success of its curriculum

Conference Session

Improving ME Education: Trends in Mechanical Engineering I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Duffy, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Linda Barrington, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Cheryl West, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; John McKelliget, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Eugene Niemi, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Sammy Shina, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Hongwei Sun, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Chris Niezrecki, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Robert Parkin, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Majid Charmchi, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Peter Avitabile, University of Massachusetts Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

testing solar ovens. In lieu of a non-S-L assignment, 13 UML studentsfrom the Introduction to Engineering II (Mech. Eng.) class volunteered to plan and teachthese modules in 45 min. class periods.Learning objectives met by the S-L project were for UML students to: Function effectively in groups Participate in the design process within given constraints Present technical information to diverse groups using Microsoft PowerPoint Page 12.1274.15 Practice MatLab code input Use instruments and gages in a laboratory environment Graph data appropriately using Microsoft Excel and import into a Microsoft Word document

Conference Session

Assessment Methods

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zbigniew Prusak, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

are in Table 2. Relationship code shown in Table 5 was substituted for calculations with numbers: = 9 = strong, = 3 = medium, ∆ = 1 = weak, empty cell = 0 = negligible.Not surprisingly, learning outcome ‘Reduction and compilation of information’ came on top asthe best fulfilled by the learning activities evaluated. The learning process is about informationcompilation and reduction even if little self preparation of students is required a lot of spoonfeeding is practiced to enhance amount of material covered. Page 12.1528.9Interdisciplinary thinking, analysis of ill-defined problems, conveying technical ideas using

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Innovation

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lionel Craddock, Bluefield State College; Daphne Rainey, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Susan Faulkner, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Frank Hart, Bluefield State College; Martha Eborall, Bluefield State College; Lewis Foster, Bluefield State College; Stephen Cammer, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Betsy Tretola, Virginia Tech; Bruno Sobral, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Oswald Crasta, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Bruce Mutter, Bluefield State College

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

professionals is growing and has been recognized(Atkins et al., 2003). This new workforce will be comprised of individuals with expertise in aparticular science domain, as well as in computer science and mathematics. The faculty andpartners at VBI are already aware of the need for interdisciplinary training of graduate students.Interdisciplinary training allows students to be more productive in research projects early in theirgraduate training and effectively prepares them for more productive and satisfying careers in ournew knowledge-based economy.A typical research project requires multiple disciplines coming together to work on a specificresearch problem. This demonstration project at the undergraduate level brought professorstogether from different

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Course Innovation

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Yao, East Carolina University; Loren Limberis, East Carolina University; Paul Kauffmann, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

]. Mission: Our program provides a theory based, application oriented general engineering education that serves as a basis for career success and lifelong learning. Our graduates possess and demonstrate the engineering and scientific knowledge required for analysis, design, improvement, and evaluation of integrated technology based systems. Our program equips graduates to be applied problem solvers who develop solutions that consider system interrelationships and meet or exceed customer needs. Program Objectives Graduates of the BS Engineering program are: 1. Prepared for professional practice as licensed engineers with a broad knowledge of general systems and problem solving

Conference Session

Improving ME Education: Trends in Mechanical Engineering II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nidal Al-Masoud, Central Connecticut State University; Peter Baumann, Central Connecticut State University; Alfred Gates, Central Connecticut State University; Zdzislaw Kremens, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

, Poland in 1976 and 1979 respectively. He received his D.Sc. degree in Technical Sciences in 1990. His current research interests in electrical engineering include frequency control, impact of deregulation on control practices, analysis of interconnected power system and artificial intelligence. Since 1998, Dr. Kremens is dean of the School of Technology at Central Connecticut State University, USA. He is a member of a number of professional associations including ASEE, IASTED, CIGRE, and IEEE. E-mail: KremensZ@ccsu.edu Page 12.1104.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007

Conference Session

Innovations in Mechanical Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Richter, Virginia Tech; Kurt Johnson, Virginia Tech; Janis Terpenny, Virginia Tech; Richard Goff, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2007-2224: MENTORING FIRST LEGO LEAGUE: CHALLENGES ANDREWARDS OF WORKING WITH YOUTHDavid Richter, Virginia Tech David Richter is a graduate student currently pursuing a M.S. in Mechanical Engineering at Virginia Tech. He is researching interdisciplinary collaboration in engineering and education. He also has interests in enineering design, outreach programs for youth, and communication in the engineering curriculum.Kurt Johnson, Virginia Tech Kurt Johnson is a graduate student in Mechanical Engineering at Virginia Tech. He is very interested in engineering design and currently serves as one of the advisors/mentors of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle Team (HEVT) at Virginia Tech.Janis

Conference Session

Engineering and Sustainability

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brock Barry, Purdue University; Aman Yadav, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

of case-based instruction and then discuss the use of case methodologies within various educationalcontexts. Connections are then made to its use in general ethics instruction, as well asspecifically engineering ethics instruction. Finally, we conclude the paper with a call for rigorouseducation research to compare the various methods of ethics instruction, including case-basedinstruction, and evaluate which methods are truly the most effective.Case-Based InstructionChristopher Columbus Langdell, who became the dean of Harvard Law School in 1870, has beencredited with the creation of the “case method” approach 1,2. He believed that the best way tostudy law is by examining actual legal situations (cases) and “that understanding, in turn

Conference Session

Biology and Engineering

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Meyer, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; David Jones, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Tagged Divisions

Biological & Agricultural

andrecognition for his work in distance education and has received university teachingawards. His current research include measurement and modeling of crop waterstress, fuzzy logic controls for turf irrigation management, and machine visiondetection, enumeration, and plant species identification for spot spraying controland precision agriculture.DAVID JONES, Professor, has taught graduate and undergraduate classes thatinvolve fuzzy set theory and soft computing techniques, risk assessment ofcomplex systems, and mathematical modeling of physical and biological systemsfor the past 18 years. He also teaches a Heat and Mass Transfer course toengineering juniors and the senior design classes. He has received numerousuniversity and national awards for his

Conference Session

Faculty Development: Creating successful NEEs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Jackson, East Carolina University; Robert Chin, East Carolina University; Charles Coddington, East Carolina University; Paul Petersen, East Carolina University; Fonooni Hamid

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

following: formal procedures for providingmentorship or a formal mentoring program linking university and departmental resources(human and material); the roles and/or responsibilities of the department chair, the mentor and Page 12.1058.5the new faculty member; established Best Practices for mentoring or established Qualities of aGood Mentor; mentorship short and long term goals; mentorship training; and a continuousimprovement feedback process.11 The Faculty Manual is clear on the roles and responsibilities of the Unit Administrator,the Department Chair, in some smaller units this may be the Dean or Associate Dean, thereforewe recognize

Conference Session

ChE: Assessment

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Williamson; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

. design criteria, multidimensional analysis such as economic versus environmental concerns.Bloom’s taxonomy has been widely accepted for engineering education with a universal Page 12.412.4agreement that engineering graduates should be competent at analysis, synthesis and evaluation.The American Society of Civil Engineering13 has used Bloom’s taxonomy as the fundamentalfoundation of their move to require competency equivalent to a fifth year of engineeringeducation for professional registration.From a pedagogical view, students are seen to develop the higher level cognitive skills by beingchallenged with situations

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula III

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado at Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

introductory Chemical Engineering (CHEN) course, the best part is that the students get tomeet all of the CHEN faculty members and briefly hear about their research areas (15 min perclass period). The course is 75-min long instead of 50-minutes, with a typical period broken into2 to 3 topics, rather than a single lecture for the entire period. Students go on a field trip,compete in the E-days egg drop contest as teams, and complete journals and personal papers.There is also a good range of panels to inform students about various options in the curriculum,extracurricular opportunities, and post-graduation career paths.The Mechanical Engineering (MCEN) course model is unique, with both a lecture (1 hr/wk) anda lab ~4 hrs/wk (as of Fall 2006). The course

Conference Session

FPD2 -- Highlighting First-Year Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Schimmels, Marquette University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

, are directed towardexercising and reinforcing these characteristics. Students assess their own preparation andcontribution to class discussion using these criteria. Students also self-assess and peer-assesstheir activities on their team project using these same criteria.2.2 Engineering Projects: The Practice of the ArtIn the second course, each skill is further developed through their application to a larger-scaledesign project with less direct guidance as to the specific skill or characteristic to be invoked at aparticular time. In this course, students are expected to self-manage their design project. Tofacilitate this, more powerful tools for project management and design communication areintroduced and exercised. This is accomplished

Conference Session

Innovations in Mechanical Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Miller, Saint Cloud State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

engineering programs inthe U.S. require or recommend that students take the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exambefore graduation. Examinees must be able to determine vapor properties using the printed tablessupplied. Computers and PDAs capable of running software are not allowed in the exam. This isconsistent with situation at many schools where students do not have access to a PC during tests. Page 12.140.2Survey FindingsThe original plan for this research was to determine the policy or standard practice at a numberof schools. It became readily apparent that few schools actually have a standard, written orotherwise, about teaching thermodynamics

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Eschenbach, Humboldt State University; Jami Montgomery, WATERS Network - CLEANER Project Office; James Johnson, Howard University; Chris Brus, University of Iowa; Dan Giammar, Washington University; Patricia Carlson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Bette Grauer, McPherson High School; Liesl Hotaling, Stevens Institute of Technology; Gbekeloluwa Oguntimein, Morgan State University; Steven Safferman; Tim Wentling, National Center for Supercomputing Applications

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Committee has four strategic goals for WATERS Network • Bring together educators, scientists, engineers, administrators, and citizens to form a powerful collaborative that will transform the current state of formal and informal education in environmental engineering and hydrologic science. • Propagate “best practices” in education that are informed by rigorous cognitive and pedagogical research in order to create a diverse, internationally competitive workforce. • Enable synergistic interactions among scientists and pre-collegiate/collegiate/graduate educators in setting research agendas and distributing results for the benefit of society. • Provide broadly accessible, state-of-the-art information bases and

Conference Session

Special Session on Fixed-Point Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne Padgett, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

process, starting with simulationand then after the project had been successfully designed and tested, moving on to a specifichardware implementation. Perhaps a comparison of processors and FPGAs could beimplemented by having parts of the class use different implementation platforms, or evenpartition the design between the two. Unfortunately, such a complete version of the material hasnot yet been offered, and may not be practical in a ten week term.Conceptual Learning ExperimentIn the process of developing this course, the question was posed, “how will it affect studentunderstanding of fundamental concepts?” The question of how this hands-on course wouldcompare with a more theoretical course was also raised. Fortunately, a tool exists for

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technology Curriculum

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Cook, Montana State University; Robb Larson, Montana State University; Keith Fisher, Montana State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

obtainemployment within large manufacturing organizations, the growth in the construction sector,locally and nationally, has provided additional opportunities for these graduates in the thermalsciences related field. Opportunities in heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system design,as well as project management and systems integration are quite common and growing. Also,many graduates are gaining employment in the applied design, test, and maintenance functionswithin industry. Rapid changes in technology and management practices are compounding thecomplexity of this shift, leading employers to continuously provide recommendations andrequests related to program content and desired graduate capabilities and attributes.Responsibility for program

Conference Session

Instrumentation and Laboratory Systems

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Bell, University of Illinois-Chicago

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

basic premisebehind this project area is that students will quickly forget long tedious lists of boring lab safetyrules, however anyone who has ever experienced a real laboratory accident will remember thatexperience ( and hopefully learn from it ) for a much longer time. Simulated accidents areobviously not as memorable as true experiences, however they should still be more memorableand have a more long-lasting impact than simple written rules.Part of the research goal for this project area was to experiment with different developmentplatforms, in order to determine how to best implement educational virtual reality. It was alsodesired to address lab safety issues that were common across a broad spectrum of laboratoryenvironments, and not

Conference Session

Influence of Race and Culture

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leslie Wilkins, Maui Economic Development Board; Sheryl Hom, isisHawaii and Women in Technology; Jenilynne Gaskin, Maui Economic Development Board; Kawailehua Kuluhiwa, Maui Economic Development Board, Inc.; Christine Andrews, Maui Eco Dev Board

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

than 31 other jurisdictions in math 4, and rank lower than 36 otherjurisdictions in science 5. Per the Maui District DOE Standardized Test Scores for School Year2002-2003, 35% of Maui’s Native Hawaiian 8th graders scored below average on their MathSAT and 44% below the HCPS-II Math standards 6.A best practices review was made of model programs nationwide designed to encourage middleschool girls of under-represented race/ethnic ancestry in STEM. The existing research suggeststhat girls experience a precipitous decline in interest in math and science beginning with themiddle school years, the main barriers being the perception of these subjects as boring, adisconnect with the relevance of these fields, and a sudden decline in confidence in

Conference Session

Leadership Perspectives in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Richter, Eastern Washington University; William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

industry after graduation andtherefore would benefit from the experience and lessons learned from those who have reallyencountered the problems while functioning as a full time practicing engineer. The theory is thesame but the practical execution and frame of mind are different than that of the researcher.Today’s students need both perspectives if they going to be able to compete in the highlycompetitive global economy. The student of today needs to be more job ready and know morethen just theories if they are to compete for the jobs of tomorrow. Exactly how this uniqueperspective has helped to shape the curriculum at Eastern Washington University’s (EWU)Engineering Technology Programs will be described. Engineers who return to the classroom

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Duffy, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; David Kazmer, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Linda Barrington, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; John Ting, University of Massachusetts Lowell; Carol Barry, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Xiaoqi Zhang, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Donn Clark, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Alan Rux, University of Massachusetts-Lowell

demonstrate thesequalities in addition to the ability to apply engineering to the design and analysis of systems andexperiments. Instead of adding more courses to satisfy ABET requirements, these criteria aremet by S-L projects in existing core courses. For example, having community partners on S-Lprojects essentially guarantees that students will work on multidisciplinary teams. With thecorrect structure of S-L projects, the students will examine the impacts of engineering solutionsin a societal context. Also, if S-L projects replace traditional analytical exercises in courses, theoverall workload will typically not increase for the students. If students are motivated to spendmore time on S-L projects, they are free to do so and should learn more in

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary and Liberal Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Martello, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Jonathan Stolk, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

technical community have called for systemic changes in engineeringeducation that include a shift to integrated and multidisciplinary approaches; an emphasis onunderstanding of societal impacts of engineering; increased teaming skills, includingcollaborative, active learning; and an improved capacity for life-long, self-directed learning.1,2,3This study focuses upon two of the critical skills listed above: self-directed learning andcontextual understanding.Calls for educational reform emphasize the need for new student-centered learning approachesthat aid development of broader skills and attitudes to complement traditional knowledgeacquisition.1,2 A capacity for self-direction and life-long learning is often identified as a criticaloutcome for

Conference Session

Capstone Projects and Experiential Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Irwin, Michigan Tech University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. graduates. MET4300 An introduction to heat transfer principles. Heat Transfer and thermodynamics Applied Heat Transfer The course covers conduction, convection divided into two stand alone courses. and radiation heat transfer mechanisms. Both utilize state of the art thermo Practical applications include thermal science lab. insulation, heat sink and heat exchanger design. MET4460 A treatment of design and development This course is designed to precursor Product Design and issues such as design for manufacturing, to the capstone experience utilizing Development

Conference Session

FPD12 -- Novel Approaches to First Year Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Rowe, Vanderbilt University; Stacy Klein-Gardner

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

view “MultiplePerspectives” of others commenting on the challenge and possible ways to address it. Studentsthen participate in extended “Research and Revise” activities where data and information wouldbe gathered to help the student address the challenge, followed by “Test your Mettle” a formative Page 12.125.3self-assessment and “Going Public” where students solutions would be made public to peers andothers. While having been implemented in a limited, but growing, number of K-12 studies'2-3results were positive for students working with this design, referred to as the “Legacy Cycle”, bythe developers.The VaNTH Engineering Research Center (ERC

Conference Session

Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Instruction

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip Gerhart, University of Evansville; Andrew Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University; Bruce Cain, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

techniques. Second, the studentsgain the insight of real-world application of these devices. Third, the student gets one finalopportunity (before graduation) to hone their presentation skills.While as a concept, using PTCs in the classroom in this manner appears to be beneficial, it wasunknown if the PTCs are a good learning tool. Therefore, an assessment has been completed todetermine if the PTCs are worthwhile and practical documents for the students to increase theirknowledge of measurement techniques and test uncertainty. PTCs 19.1, 19.2, and 19.3 wereevaluated as a learning tool based on an indirect assessment (i.e., a survey of student opinions).Students were surveyed after completing their research and presentation exercise. A copy of

Conference Session

Simulation and Virtual Instrumentation

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Uhlig, National University; Shekar Viswanathan, National University; John Watson, National University; Howard Evans, National University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. Watson teaches computer science and software engineering courses as an associate professor at National University (La Jolla, CA) while continuing research in the areas of human and machine cognition. He holds a joint doctoral degree in Education with emphasis on education technology and multicultural education from Claremont Graduate University and San© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Diego State University. His research work in metacognitive analysis has garnered a number of awards, including Phi Delta Kappa's 2002 Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation, and the top Award in Educational Research for the California State University. Dr. Watson has a B.A. in Economics

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary and Liberal Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Josef Rojter, Victoria University of Tech.

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

impact of globalization can be viewed as a revolution in the organization of work, production of goods and services. The homogenization of productive activity had meant that engineers had to move their gaze from local perspective to a world-view; 2. Applied Information and Communication Technologies. Professional engineering discourses were now separated by time-zones not time of travel; 3. Environmental Sustainability. Increasing international accountability for sustainable practices meant that professional engineers needed to possess global environmental sensitivities; and 4. Advances in Biological Technologies. Engineering graduates needed broader scientific literacy. In a similar vein to other

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary and Liberal Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

April Kedrowicz, University of Utah; Bob Nelson, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

. Zemke, S. & Elger, D. (2006). Curricular elements that promote professional behavior in a design class. ASEEConference Proceedings, session 187.7. Seat, E. & Lord, S. M. (1999). Enabling effective engineering teams: A program for teaching interaction skills.Journal of Engineering Education, Oct., 385-390.8. Artis, S., Scales, G., & Griffin, O. (2006). From the classroom to the boardroom: The use of role play in graduateeducation. ASEE Conference Proceedings, session 1590.9. McKeachie, W. J. (2002). Teaching tips: Strategies, research, and theory for college and university teachers.Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.10. Steinert, Y. (1993). Twelve tips for using role-plays in clinical teaching. Medical Teacher, 15 (4), 283-291.11

Conference Session

Redefining the Boundaries of Engineering and Liberal Education: Contributions to the Year of Dialogue

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erin Cech, University of California-San Diego; Kara Boettcher, Montana State University; Heidi Sherick, Montana State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

48.3% 42.1% 34.8% Men only Engineering Graduates 41.4% 35.6% 32.9%While job titles are the most obvious proxy for understanding work activities, there exists a greatdeal of variability in the types of day-to-day work that engages different people within the samejob title. Therefore, the second dimension of interest was engineering graduates’ primary jobresponsibilities. Respondents chose between a list of thirteen responsibilities and were asked tochoose the task that comprised the majority of their day-to-day work activities. Theresponsibilities were categorized as technical (basic research, applied research, development ofknowledge, design, computer applications, production, and quality management