Conference Session

Graphics and Visualization

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jon Duff, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

centers or laboratories wereinterviewed using a standard survey instrument. These centers represented science, medicine,engineering, art, and social science disciplines. Of particular interest were original andcontinuing funding models, the organizational structure of each facility, the profiles ofparticipating faculty, and the relationship of the centers’ research activities with undergraduateand graduate academic programs. This paper develops three models based on the sampledcenters, describes the topology of visualization activities, and draws preliminary conclusionsfrom the survey data.Introduction Data visualization has become an important tool in technical education and practice aswitnessed in technology, the sciences, medicine

Conference Session

Curriculum Development and Teaching Models in NRE

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheldon Landsberger, University of Texas at Austin; Rose Stiffin, Flroida Memorial University; Dimitri Tamalis, Florida Memorial University; Michael elliott, Flroida Memorial University; Ayivi Huisso, Florida Memorial Univeristy

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

Engineering Science in 1960 and in Mechanical Engineering in1970, where it is currently administered. In August 1963, the TRIGA nuclear reactor wentcritical at 10kW using fuel loaned from the U.S. Government. In 1968, the power was upgradedto 250 kW and then upgraded again in 1992 to 1,100 kW at a different site; the NuclearEngineering Teaching Laboratory (NETL). Throughout its long history, the nuclear program hashad a commitment to educating the brightest students in the United States and abroad. Thisdedication which continually grows stronger now as the program has expanded to encompasshealth physics, radiation engineering, research reactor beam port experiments, radioactive wastemanagement and reactor and computational nuclear engineering

Conference Session

Innovative K-12 Engineering Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California; Michael Khoo, University of Southern California; Ellis Meng, University of Southern California; Joseph Cocozza, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

expertise of an urban school of engineering, school ofmedicine and school of education. The BMERET program has provided middle schooland high school science teachers in urban settings with opportunities to engage withpremiere researchers in BME laboratory settings at a top tier research university. Withthe combined expertise of the BME scientists and education faculty, BMERET teacherparticipants are creating powerful curriculum to use in their middle school and highschool science classrooms. The teacher participants have experienced greater scienceteaching efficacy then their non-participant teacher peers, which may be as a result of thecollaborative RET experience. Sixth through twelve grade teachers have benefited greatlyfrom bringing the BME lab

Conference Session

Design Project Based Learning

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Forsberg, Hofstra University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

ASHRAE SeniorUndergraduate Project Grant, and it was decided to have two of the six groups workindependently on design and construction of a ventilation system for the thermal/fluidslab. The system was to be temporary. After conclusion of the semester it was to beremoved and stored for potential future use in the laboratories. As discussed below, theproject was very successful. Students received a valuable design and constructionexperience, and the project has resulted in a new experiment for the mechanicalengineering laboratories.II. System SpecificationsStudents were given the following design specifications for the ventilation system: The ventilation system should have five (5) diffusers, each providing 100 cfm of air tothe room. The

Conference Session

Developing New Instrumentation

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Liping Guo, Northern Illinois University; Recayi 'Reg' Pecen

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Page 13.1106.2 • Develop and demonstrate programs showing how the timer and counter functions are integrated to a PLC • Properly use program control instructions • Properly use math and data manipulation instructions • Describe and use immediate input and output instructions • Interface digital and analog devices to PLCs • Explain the need and process for troubleshooting PLC controlled systems • Prepare students for challenging industrial jobs in the engineering technology areasThe course spends about 70% time in lecture, and about 30% time in laboratory. Studentsare also allowed to use the PLC equipments in their convenience at other times. After thelecture, students practice PLC programming using

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Smith, University of Southern Maine

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

resource-basedindustries such as paper or in textile mills which were widely dispersed geographicallyaround the state, the textile mills in the more populous southern part of the state and thepaper mills in the north. In the 1960’s, however, these industries began a slow,precipitous decline which accelerated in the 1970’s and 1980’s. At the same time, newindustries, which required higher skill sets, began locating in the greater Portland area.These included such companies as National Semiconductor, Fairchild Semiconductor,Pratt and Whitney, Idexx Laboratories and other. These industries were interested inhaving a local institution which would not only provide educational opportunities fortheir employees but also would be a source of new engineers

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cordelia Brown, Purdue University; Yung-Hsiang Lu, Purdue University; David Meyer, Purdue University; Mark C Johnson, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2008-1237: HYBRID CONTENT DELIVERY: ON-LINE LECTURES ANDINTERACTIVE LAB ASSIGNMENTSCordelia Brown, Purdue University Cordelia M. Brown is a Visiting Assistant Professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University. She received her Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering at Vanderbilt University, her M.S. in Electrical Engineering at Vanderbilt University, and her B.S. in Electrical Engineering at Tuskegee University. Her research interests include assessment of instructional methods, laboratory design, collaborative learning, mentoring, professional development skills, and retention and recruitment issues in engineering education.Yung-Hsiang Lu, Purdue University Yung-Hsiang

Conference Session

Innovations in Biological/Agricultural Education-II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Meyer, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Tagged Divisions

Biological & Agricultural

fundamental instrumentation electronics. Instructional modules andexamples are also available at various web-sites for demonstrating and simulating electroniccircuits and responses. Many instrumentation textbooks cover analog and digital principles forinstrumentation but in different orders and formats (e.g. Johnson, 2006, Northrop, 1997).Reinforcement of principles and introduction to practical instrumentation and control examplesare offered through hands-on laboratory exercises, demonstrations, and preparation of a final teamproject. Laboratory exercises include experiments with temperature sensing, fluid flow,stress-strain, displacement, load-cell, ultra sound, and optical sensors. Computer interfacing withinstrumentation is presented and includes

Conference Session

Intellectual Property and Entrepreneurship

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harpal Dhillon, Excelsior College; Salahuddin Qazi, SUNY Institute of Technology; Sohail Anwar, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

about the potential of nanotechnologyto impact numerous facets of human life and society, and the incentive for expeditiouscommercialization of this technology is strong. However, considerations and factors, suchas long time between nanotechnology research and development of commercial products,large capital investment needed for a viable commercial venture, and financial/operationalrisks associated with commercial applications of nanotechnology, have impeded rapidadoption of this technology in the commercial domain. Substantial government funding,and involvement of academic institutions and research laboratories, are viewed as anessential response to these barriers. It is critical for the U.S. nanotechnology industry tospeed up the process of

Conference Session

Anything New in the Mechanics of Materials?

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rani Sullivan, Mississippi State University; Masoud Rais-Rohani, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

to only one or two laboratory courses. Recent research1-6 on the merit of active studentinteraction with physical models has revitalized interest in the use of such models, not just inlaboratory classes but—more importantly—as an integral part of traditional lecture-basedengineering courses.Couple of years ago, the authors had an opportunity to design and develop a structural testingsystem at the Raspet Flight Research Laboratory at Mississippi State University. In oneexperiment, a whiffletree loading mechanism (WLM), as shown in Fig. 1, was designed and usedfor static testing of a full-scale composite aircraft wing. For simplicity, the wings were mountedupside-down and loaded downward to simulate the lift force distribution. Whiffletree

Conference Session

DELOS Best Paper Nominations

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Yao, East Carolina University; Loren Limberis, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

AC 2008-843: A PROJECT-DRIVEN APPROACH TO TEACHING CONTROLS INA GENERAL ENGINEERING PROGRAMJason Yao, East Carolina University Dr. Jianchu (Jason) Yao joined the Department of Engineering at East Carolina University as an Assistant Professor in August, 2005. He received a B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Shaanxi university of Science and Technology, China, in 1992 and 1995, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Kansas State University in 2005. His research interests include wearable medical devices, telehealthcare, bioinstrumentation, control systems, and biosignal processing. His educational research interests are laboratory/project-driven

Conference Session

Research in Multidisciplinary Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carol Barry, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; Jacqueline Isaacs, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

of an REU Summer ProgramAbstractAn NSF-funded Center, a three-university partnership with research focused onnanomanufacturing, has held a Summer Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU)Program for undergraduate students over the past three years. Over 70 students have participatedin the program, in which each student is guided in a project to learn more about research relatedto nanomanufacturing. In our laboratories, students with diverse technical backgrounds gainskills in electron and atomic force microscopy; chemical synthesis; MEMS and NEMSfabrication; dip pen nanolithography; template-guided assembly and transfer of polymers andnanoparticles; high rate polymer processing; assessing the impact of nanoparticles on theenvironment

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrienne Minerick, Mississippi State University

andresearch skills training was interspersed with laboratory research, site visits of chemical plants and national researchlabs, social activities, interactive workshops in diversity and research ethics, and an end-summer symposium. At theconclusion of the summer, they presented at a campus-wide symposium with the option of submitting an abstract topresent at regional meetings, such as those of the American Chemical Society (ACS) and the American Institute ofChemical Engineers (AIChE).The program was designed with the following attributes and outcomes in mind: • State-of-the-art research experiences that motivate students to pursue graduate degrees in chemistry, chemical engineering, or related field. o Broad

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronaldo Luna, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Richard Hall, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Michael Hilgers, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Ghulam Bham, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Richard Elgin, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Charles Morris, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Glenn Morrison, Missouri University of Science & Technology

AC 2008-2791: INTRODUCTION OF GIS INTO CIVIL ENGINEERINGCURRICULARonaldo Luna, Missouri University of Science & Technology Ronaldo Luna is an associate professor of Civil Engineering at the Missouri University of Science & Technology. He received his PhD from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1995. His research interests include: engineering education, geotechnical and earthquake engineering, and hazard mitigation.Richard Hall, Missouri University of Science & Technology Richard Hall is a professor Information Science & Technology and Co-Director of the Laboratory for Information Technology Evaluation at the Missouri University of Science & Technology. He received

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yakov Cherner, ATeL, LLC; Amin Karim, DeVry University; Ahmed Khan, DeVry University; Victor Rubanchik, Southern Federal University (Russia); Gary Mullett, Springfield Technical Community College

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

science, engineering and technology investigations. He also proposed and implemented the pioneering concept of integrated adjustable virtual laboratories. To facilitate these methodologies for academic education, corporate and military training, his company developed new ground-breaking e-learning solutions, as well as relevant assessment and authoring tools. Dr. Cherner holds an MS in Experimental Physics, and Ph.D. in Physics and Materials Science. He published over 70 papers in national and international journals and made dozens presentations at various national and international conferences and workshops. Dr. Cherner has served as a Principal Investigator for several government-funded

Conference Session

Projects & Partnerships Result in Student Learning

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alberto Gomez-Rivas, University of Houston-Downtown; George Pincus, University of Houston-Downtown; Edward Sheinberg, University of Houston-Downtown

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

get advice and training. Thedepartment chair spent a summer at WPI studying fire dynamics, the curriculum of fireprotection and conducting numerous interviews with the director of the program and othermembers of the WPI faculty. The cooperation and advice of WPI was critical for thedevelopment of the fire protection program at UHD.Engineering technology programs are laboratory work intensive in order to provide students withpractical experience. Developing fire laboratories that are called “burning houses” is close toimpossible in an urban university such as UHD. Under the guidance and experience of WPI acritical decision was made: to develop a fire protection program based on computer simulation.There were several factors that contributed to

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Anderson, U.S. Naval Academy; Richard Buehrer, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

received the B.S.E.E. and M.S.E.E. degrees from the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, in 1991 and 1993, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, in 1996, where he studied under the Bradley Fellowship. From 1996 to 2001, he was with Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, and Whippany, NJ. While at Bell Laboratories his research focused on CDMA systems, intelligent antenna systems, and multiuser detection. He was named a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff in 2000. In 2001, he joined Virginia Tech as an Assistant Professor with the Bradley Department of Electrical Engineering, where he works

Conference Session

Innovations in Computer Engineering Technology Curriculum

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xuemin Chen, Texas Southern University; David Olowokere, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Graham Thomas, Texas Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

introduced in the first class, examples on project “Shapes” are demonstrated;and examples are used to explain the very important concepts – Object and Class. Thereafter, ahands-on laboratory task follows. With this simplified and virtualized IDE, it is expected thatmost students will understand the concepts of object and class in Java programming structurewithin the first few weeks.In order to comply with the laid-down objective of the course, and that is ensuring that studentscan program in Java at an intermediate level after course completion, the examination method for Page 13.1166.4the course has been greatly modified. The first exam is closed book

Conference Session

Information and Network Security

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peng Li, East Carolina University; Tijjani Mohammed, East Carolina University; Lee Toderick, East Carolina University; Chengcheng Li, East Carolina University; Philip Lunsford, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

isto propose a solution to some of the issues enumerated above. As part of our ongoing effort toutilize virtualization technology to improve the learning experience of both face-to-face studentsand DE students, the authors present a viable design for a portable virtual network security lab.Virtual machine (VM) technology makes it possible to deliver lab-based courses with diversifiednetwork laboratory experiences at a minimal cost.In preparation for the virtual lab, two virtual machines were built by the instructor for studentuse. The students installed VMware Workstation on their personal computers and used it to openthe pre-built virtual machines. The two virtual machines (VM1 and VM2) form a private virtualnetwork, on which hands-on labs

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education III

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Beams, University of Texas at Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

The University of Texas at Tyler PSpice ArchiveAbstractPSpice (Cadence, San Jose, CA), has become a de facto standard for courses in electric andelectronic circuits. Its popularity stems from the ready availability of the evaluation (student)version and the inclusion of the evaluation version with a number of widely-used textbooks inthese courses. Many textbooks also provide access to example circuit files either in CD form orthrough a companion web site. However, faculty at the University of Texas at Tyler havefrequently found it valuable to develop their own analyses to better illustrate particular topics orto simulate circuits found in laboratory courses. These analyses include standard types ofcircuits (e.g., simple operational amplifier

Conference Session

ECE Pedagogy and Assessment I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tokunbo Ogunfunmi, Santa Clara University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

-IP.Most of the fundamentals are on Digital Signal Processing but we focus on the applications tospeech and voice coding.In this paper, we first describe the DSP curriculum for both undergraduate and graduate students.We describe our experiences and the challenges encountered in developing these courses. Wedetail some of the laboratory and teaching materials and the exercises developed, etc.We discuss as an example the internet low-bit rate speech coder (iLBC) which is used to codespeech under packet loss conditions that exists on the internet.Finally, we present possible future directions in the course development. Page 13.967.2IntroductionThe area

Conference Session

International CIase Studies: Collabs, Exchanges & Interactions

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mean-Shang Chen, Central Michigan University; Albert Peng, Central Michgian University; Yanjia Sun, Central Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

International

the same textbooks, standards,expectations, and grading policy as those regularly used at CMU. SIT and CMU facultymembers work together to provide laboratory and other assistance for courses.The SIT-CMU Joint Program is considered as a feeder program for CMU in the U.S. instead of aCMU branch campus in China1,2. All participating students are eligible to transfer to CMU ifthey have successfully completed the first two years at SIT and meet the minimum GPArequirement. However, most students have decided not to transfer due to a mismatch in theGeneral Education requirement of the two curricula. This issue of General Education must beworked out for the transfer process to be successful. As a result, most participating students willreceive a

Conference Session

Hardware Descriptive Language Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan Hill, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

CarAbstractThis paper describes the development of the Motor Controls Toolkit (MCT) for a series ofcontrol system experiments. We intend to eventually use the MCT with an off-the-shelf hobbytype car type chassis. This combination of hardware provides a portable, relatively inexpensiveplatform that can be used for high school or college level classroom demonstrations or for anundergraduate laboratory or independent study in control and automation. The kit providesopportunities to study controls principles, signal processing, and simple power electronics.The MCT consists of a Xilinx field programmable gate array (FPGA) development boardinterfaced with a daughterboard that contains drive electronics for the motor, interface logic foran optical encoder, a

Conference Session

Focus on IE Principles and Techniques

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sharon Johnson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Bryan Norman, University of Pittsburgh; Jean Fullerton, Elizabethtown College; Susan Pariseau, Merrimack College

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

specific tactics, which fit naturally as subtopics withinexisting courses, students often encounter lean tactics in a piecemeal fashion, making it difficultfor students develop an integrated understanding of the underlying philosophies. Courses Page 13.1340.2dedicated to lean are generally aimed at senior-level students. Opportunities to practice processdesign are often the domain of senior-level capstone projects as well.To improve the teaching of lean concepts, as well as to develop students’ ability to designeffective processes, several IE faculty at one university (referred to as Site 1 here) developed alean laboratory to support an

Conference Session

Methods & Techniques in Graduate Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca Brent, Education Designs Inc.; Richard Felder, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

A Professional Development Program for Graduate Students at North Carolina State UniversityI. Introduction The traditional engineering graduate school experience involves taking courses, selectinga dissertation or thesis advisor and project, performing the research under the advisor’ssupervision, and completing and defending the dissertation. Such an experience trains graduatestudents to carry out research on a problem someone else has defined and gotten funded. It doesnot, however, prepare them for anything else they might be called upon to do in graduate schooland in their professional careers, including: • Teaching assistant responsibilities. Grade assignments, projects, and tests; supervise laboratories

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Curriculum Innovation

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Ciaraldi, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; David Cyganski, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Michael Gennert, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Michael Demetriou; Fred Looft; William Michalson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Bradley Miller, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Eben Cobb, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Lance Schachterle, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Kenneth Stafford, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Yiming Rong, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Gretar Tryggvason, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; James Van de Ven, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

integration, electric and pneumatic actuators, power transmission, materials and static force analysis, controls and programmable embedded computer systems, system integration and robotic applications. Laboratory sessions consist of hands-on exercises and team projects where students design and build mobile robots. RBE 2001 UNIFIED ROBOTICS I First of a four-course sequence introducing foundational theory and practice of robotics engineering from the fields of computer science, electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. The focus of this course is the effective conversion of electrical power to mechanical power, and power transmission for purposes of locomotion, and of payload

Conference Session

Instructional Methods and Tools in BME

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Goldberg, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; David Lalush, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

desktop. Students work in the laboratory on weekly homework assignments and “mini-projects”, in which they program microcontrollers and develop biomedical instruments. Thelaboratories on each campus have equivalent hardware setups, as well as videoconferencingequipment so that faculty can help the students remotely. The primary teacher for this class isbased at UNC, and he occasionally travels to NCSU to work with those students directly. Inaddition, a faculty member at NCSU is present for most classes, and he is available to provideassistance to the NCSU students outside of class. In this manner, the NCSU students haveopportunities to get “in-person” help from a faculty member. Feedback on this experience wasmeasured at mid-semester and at the

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California; Michael Khoo, University of Southern California; Ellis Meng, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Career outcomes. This paper reports both on baseline access, retention, andcareer data and a logic model associated with a comprehensive curricular reform resulting fromthe access, retention and career baseline data. As a result of this baseline data, the ERCeducational team has found innovative ways to infuse inductively based, situated curriculum andinstruction in addition to a student-centric outcome metrics into all aspects of the BMEcurriculum and associated laboratory experiences. These assessment measures build on theprinciples established in educational psychology and include pre and posttest BME conceptinventories, rubric-based laboratory assessments, BME efficacy measures and employersatisfaction measures. A comprehensive assessment

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Curriculum Innovation

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Kander, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

of proposed courses, outlined in Tables 3and 4. Table 3 organizes the proposed courses as a typical student would progress through the4-year, 120-credit curriculum. In order to better compare the proposed curriculum with thevision and design elements described earlier, the credit hours in Table 3 are broken down andorganized by curriculum area in Table 4. Page 13.262.7 Table 3: Proposed Courses for New Engineering Degree (L) indicates courses with one or more integrated laboratory credits Freshman Fall Freshman Spring Calculus I 4 Calculus II

Conference Session

FPD6 - First Year Curricula Development

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregory Wight, Norwich University; R. Danner Friend, Norwich University; Jacques Beneat, Norwich University; William Barry, Norwich University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

hours and three laboratory hours each week. The delivery of material in the lecturessupports the projects and skills that the students work on in their laboratory. With a nominalclass size of 100 students, two lecture sections were created with approximately 50 students ineach section, and five laboratory sections were created with approximately 20 students in eachlab section. Four instructors from each of the three engineering disciplines shared the courseload each semester. This diversity in the instructors supports the multi-disciplinary nature of thecourse. The specific projects, lecture topics, and homework assignments were common to allsections; however, each instructor was responsible entirely for the delivery of the material intheir