Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Integration of Engineering and/or Technical Rigor with Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Justice (DEIJ)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica Palomo, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Pauline Muljana

Paper ID #36500Women Students Learning a STEM Subject: An Analysis ofNote-Taking Practices in a Civil Engineering Course and theAssociation with Self-Efficacy, Cognitive Engagement, TestAnxiety, and Course AchievementMonica Palomo (Professor) (California State Polytechnic University,Pomona) Dr. Mónica Palomo is a professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, where she teaches senior projects, and environmental and water resources engineering undergraduate and graduate courses. She is the CWEA-AWWA student chapter advisor. Dr. Palomo holds a Civil Engineering degree

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Technical Session 7: Cybersecurity and Computing

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mike Borowczak, University of Wyoming; Andrea Burrows, University of Wyoming; Andey Robins, University of Wyoming

IET. His research has been funded (~$6.2M since 2018) by federal, national, state, and industrial entities, including the NSF, NSA, Idaho National Laboratories, State of Wyoming, IOHK and Kraken. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com On the Development of Cybersecurity and Computing CentricProfessional Developments and the Subsequent Implementation of Topics in K12 Lesson Plans (RTP) Andey Robins Danny Radosevich Andrea C. Burrows jtuttle5@uwyo.edu dradose1@uwyo.edu andrea.burrows@ucf.edu Mike Borowczak

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Technical Session 2: Instruction

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jodi Bolognese, Northeastern University; Bridget Smyser, Northeastern University

Paper ID #36587Assessing Information Literacy in Capstone Design Projects:Where are students still struggling?Bridget M. Smyser (Teaching Professor) Bridget Smyser is a Teaching Professor in the Mechanical & Industrial Engineering department at Northeastern University. She holds a BS in Chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Her research interests include capstone design and lab pedagogy, , effective methods to teach technical communication, and integrating diversity, equity, and inclusion concepts into

Conference Session

Architectural Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacoba Ubidia, Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Miguel Andrés Guerra, Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Víctor Viteri, Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Homero Murzi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

student empowerment to address climate change. Currently, Miguel Andrés is developing teaching and evaluation pedagogy that directs a philosophy of seeking excellence as a pillar to eradicate corruption.Victor ViteriHomero Murzi Dr. Homero Murzi (he/él/his) is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech with honorary appointments at the University of Queensland (Australia) and University of Los Andes (Venezuela). Homero is the leader of the Engineering Competencies, Learning, and Inclusive Practices for Success (ECLIPS) Lab where he leads a team focused on doing research on contemporary, culturally relevant, and inclusive pedagogical practices, emotions in engineering

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian Iezzi, University of Michigan; Paul Chao, University of Michigan; Kyle Bushick, University of Michigan; Joshua Cooper, University of Michigan; Tathya Shinde, University of Michigan; Timothy Chambers, University of Michigan; Duncan Greeley, University of Michigan

forms into new hybrid and virtual outreach efforts. We also took the opportunity to explorecompletely new opportunities with existing collaborations, as we will discuss more in Section 4. Throughout calendar year 2020, our conventional middle school and high school outreachactivities were constrained by local school districts shifting to fully remote instruction due to theCOVID-19 pandemic. As it was impractical to ship activity materials to each student, we adaptedour off-campus outreach to a remote format by presenting virtually from a teaching laboratory atthe University of Michigan. We leveraged the remote teaching platforms in use at each school topresent virtual lessons with live-streamed demonstrations while teachers and students

Conference Session

Computers in Education 9 - Technology I

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Hoe, Loyola University Maryland; Dave Binkley, Loyola University Maryland; Mary Lowe, Loyola University Maryland

2023 semester. We expect to have10 to 15 students enrolled but will cap enrollment at 20 students for the initial offering. Ratherthan a separate laboratory section, some lecture time will be allocated for students to work ontheir code in interdisciplinary teams. These teams will also be assigned joint exercises to becompleted outside of class.The outline of our paper is as follows. The next section provides the context, motivation, andgoals for the courses. The following section details the content for the proposed courses inquantum computing. An innovation in the courses, the development of a Python-based quantumcomputer simulator, is then detailed, followed by a discussion of learning outcomes and selectedundergraduate research projects.2

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 2: Postcard Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Nagel, James Madison University; Kelly Sadel; Melissa Aleman, James Madison University

learning or that they were doing ‘busy work’ [2, 10]. Peer networks were impacted asface-to-face interactions were limited, if existent at all [1, 2, 6, 8, 11].Instructors and students were expected to quickly adapt during the initial onset of the Covid-19pandemic [1-11]. This switch to ‘Emergency Remote Teaching’ pushed technology developmentfor delivery of course content through online platforms [2]. The use of software, such as Zoom,highlighted knowledge gaps and brought about technology management challenges as thepandemic continued [2, 4, 6]. Our own experiences included learning platforms for onlinewhiteboard work, student collaboration, video editing and production, interactive class notes andtexts, and creating informal ‘online hallway

Conference Session

Experiential Learning in Mechanics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Seyed Mohammad Seyed Ardakani; Joshua Ellis, Ohio Northern University

structures, and engineering education. He received the 2020-21 Professor Henry Horldt Outstanding Teaching Award.Joshua Ellis Joshua Ellis will be a Senior at Ohio Northern University pursuing a Mechanical Engineering Major and a Business Administration Minor. He also plays soccer for the University and is on the leadership council with the program. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Developing a 3D-Printed Statics Modeling KitAbstractThe 3D-Printed Statics Modeling Kit was designed, tested, and finalized within three months inthe summer of 2021. The Kit includes multiple 3D-printed elements with

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tim Dallas, Texas Tech University; Heather Greenhalgh-Spencer, Texas Tech University; Kelli Frias

content to entire classrooms using picoprojectors. In 2008, he established Class on a Chip, Inc. to commercialize an array of micro-experimental devices for use in engineering, physics, and MEMS classes. In 2014, he established a new class in the Whitacre College of Engineering, Technology Start-up Lab, which takes students through a process to develop their own technology projects for commercialization. Each summer, he teaches a class entitled Solar Energy, which includes a hands-on solar energy design project. Dr. Dallas has served as the principal investigator for two National Science Foundation sponsored Scholarships in STEM (S-STEM) projects, a Research Experience for Undergraduates Site, a Course Curriculum and

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 1: Student Success Boot Camps, Summer Bridge Programs, and Living Learning Communities

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lauren Griggs, Pennsylvania State University; Catherine Cohan, Pennsylvania State University; Carmen Vanderhoof, Pennsylvania State University; Aaron Mattingly, Pennsylvania State University; Tonya Peeples, Pennsylvania State University

mechanical linkage between breast cancer and diabetes. Dr. Griggs joined Penn State in the summer of 2019 as an Assistant Teaching Professor, Director of the Multicultural Engineering Program and Director of the Clark Scholars Program. In this role, Dr. Griggs drives initiatives to improve the recruitment and retention of underrepresented groups pursuing degrees in engineering and strives to foster a welcoming environment that celebrates culture and inclusion. Her passion lies in mentoring through meaningful career discussions and helping students gain confidence as well as succeed in their chosen degree fields.Carmen Mariana Vanderhoof Assistant Research Professor (Science Education)Catherine L. Cohan (Assistant Research

Conference Session

ECE Division Technical Session 2: Long-Term Institutional Outcome Evaluations and Capstone Innovations

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Filip Cuckov, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Marisha Rawlins, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Wayne Bynoe, Wentworth Institute of Technology; James McCusker, Wentworth Institute of Technology

% 20% Design with programmable logic 0% Basic logic circuits Modular design of Control and datapath design combinational circuits Sequential circuits Figure 5. DIG – Digital Design compliance mapping (88% Overall).The system design and constraints coverage KU’s compliance of 36% indicates that more timeshould be devoted in class and laboratory to the synthesis of medium to large scale circuit design(also improving the control and datapath design KU with 67% compliance), which is a commonproblem in

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods (ERM) Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacob Marszalek, University of Missouri - Kansas City; Michelle Maher, University of Missouri - Kansas City

attribute of self-efficacy is that it is context-specific: one can have different levelsof self-efficacy for different contexts [11]. For example, one may have a high degree of self-efficacy in following a scripted laboratory activity, but a low degree for problem-solving a realworld engineering challenge. As a consequence, the instruments and scales needed to measureself-efficacy also vary greatly based on the specific context of the activity. Hence, there havebeen different scales developed for self-efficacy in different areas, such as mathematics andchemistry [12] - [15].Identity is generally focused on the feelings, thoughts, and beliefs one has of oneself [16], whichcontribute to self-confidence and, therefore, self-efficacy. A closely related

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods (ERM) Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Carvell, Marian University; Tanja Greene, Marian University

encapsulation of cells within chemically modified, biomimetic hydrogels. After graduating, she continued her research through working in a tissue engineering/ biomaterials laboratory until 2017. She then became an Instructor of Physics and Engineering at Marian University of Indianapolis, Indiana, where she currently teaches Physics I, Physics II, Biophysics, and will soon be developing courses related to biomaterials for the launch of the new ES Witchger School of Engineering at Marian University. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Benefits, Drawbacks, and Effects on Retention Rates to a 5 Year, Inclusive

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division Technical Session - Empathy, Metacognitive Skills, and Perceptions of Success

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Simon Ghanat, The Citadel; Dena Garner; Todd Wittman, The Citadel; M. Kristen Hefner, The Citadel; Deirdre Ragan, The Citadel; Thad Le-Vasicek, The Citadel; Emily Bierman, The Citadel; Blakely Adair-Hudson, The Citadel

Violence, and Men and Masculinities.Deirdre D RaganThad Le-VasicekEmily Kate Bierman (Assistant Professor)Blakely Adair-HudsonEge Candeniz Arslaner Ege Arslaner is currently an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Civil, Environmental & Construction Engineering at The Citadel, SC. Prior to joining The Citadel Mr. Arslaner earned his Bachelor’s in Civil Engineering from Celal BayarUniversity, Turkey followed by a Master’s in Historic Building Rehabilitation from the University of Bologna, Italy. Hecurrently teaches a Materials Laboratory course for undergraduate students of Civil & Mechanical Engineering students.Mr. Arslaner’s main research interests are in the areas of engineering education and historic buildings

Conference Session

ETD - Technical Session 7 - ET Pedagogy I

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Johnson, Texas A&M University; Bimal Nepal, Texas A&M University; Shubham Torvi, Texas A&M University

Success in the College of Engineering. Prior to joining the faculty at Texas A&M, he was a senior product development engineer at the 3M Corporate Research Laboratory in St. Paul, Minnesota. He received his B.S. in mechanical engineering from Michigan State University. Dr. Johnson received his S.M. and Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Johnson’s research focuses on engineering education, production economics, and design tools. Dr. Johnson has over 80 peer reviewed publications and several patents. His research has been funded by the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, and industry. Dr. Johnson is a member of the American Society for Engineering Education, the American Society

Conference Session

Computing & Information Technology Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tahir Khan; Emily Bonem; Hyun Jin Cho

Paper ID #38169Undergraduate Students' Motivation to Learn, Attitudes, andPerceptions of Assessments in a Cybersecurity CourseTahir Khan Dr. Tahir M. Khan is a Clinical Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer and Information Technology at the Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. He is currently teaching and mentoring undergraduate and graduate students majoring in Cybersecurity. He has experience in developing and offering courses in the cybersecurity domain. His research interests include computer privacy, computer security, computer forensics, cybersecurity, the internet of things, cloud computing

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mostafa Batouli, The Citadel; Negin Shamsi, The Citadel; Nahid Vesali, The Citadel; Rebekah Burke, The Citadel

Vesali is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Leadership and Program Management (ELPM) in the School of Engineering (SOE) at The Citadel. She joined The Citadel in January 2020 and teaches courses in project management and construction engineering management fields. Dr. Vesali earned her PhD in Civil Engineering from Florida International University. She holds Master of Science in Construction Engineering and Management from IAU, and Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering from Iran University of Science and Technology. Prior to joining The Citadel, she worked at Plaza Construction, Florida Group LLC. She worked with the corporate Quality Management team and project management team for high-rise

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 8 - Design Methodologies

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashley Huderson, American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Erin Peiffer; Sahar Shamsi; Francisco Plaza; Elizabeth Collins

Hands Across the Nations (HATN) and the provision of engineering support services to entrepreneurs developing wave-powered desalination systems for the Waves to Water Prize Competition held by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).Elizabeth CollinsAshley C Huderson (Manager of Engineering Education) © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.comIntroduction The Fourth Industrial Revolution, commonly known as Industry 4.0, is changing how products are designed and manufactured through digital transformations of cyber-physical systems. These transformations include increased automation of processes alongside the utilization of the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Houshang Darabi, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Peter Nelson, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Shanon Reckinger, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Jeremiah Abiade; Renata Revelo, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Anthony E. Felder, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Rezvan Nazempour, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Betul Bilgin, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Didem Ozevin, The University of Illinois at Chicago

, engineeringidentity construction, and introduction to math application in engineering disciplines.Guaranteed Paid Internship Program (GPIP). GPIP is a novel program within the College ofEngineering that guarantees qualified, academically talented students a paid internship orresearch opportunity if they commit to return to the College the following fall semester. CohortsI and II participated in the Guaranteed Paid Internship Program (GPIP) in Summers 2019 and2020, respectively. Scholars completed their program in academic research laboratories inside oroutside of the University of Illinois at Chicago, technology companies, or makerspace. TheAward Committee members created a survey to evaluate the impacts of COVID-19 on thescholars’ internships status, in

Conference Session

CIT Division Technical Session #11

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Byul Hur, Texas A&M University; Zhihao Pan; Kevin Price; Fernando Aguado; Jonathan Gavlick; Sungkeun Kim; Eun Jung Kim; Kevin Myles; Zach Adelman

anddevelopment effort in the low-cost RPi clusters for mosquito research.II. Capstone project management Engineering Technology programs have effectively executed experiential learning practicesvia capstone or senior projects. Students could solidify their learning through rigorous two-semester capstone project courses in the Engineering Technology programs at Texas A&MUniversity. One of the faculty in this paper, Dr. Hur, has been teaching a junior-level embeddedsystem course [14][15]. Students could be given a reasonably challenging term project to helptheir education in this course. In Fall 2019, a robot challenge as the term project was given to thestudents [16]. For this robot challenge, students need to build their version of a two

Conference Session

WIED: Activities and Programs

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Canan Bilen-Green, North Dakota State University; Adrienne Minerick, Michigan Technological University; Cinzia Cervato, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Sonia Goltz; David Wahl, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Patricia Sotirin; Mark Rouleau

supportive and how to navigate through those portions that are not;● Research strategies with respect to proposals, collaborations, managing grants, etc.;● Managing a budget;● Publishing and scholarship with prompts focusing on presubmission, mentoring students with writing, responding to reviewers, and many other related topics;● Safety covering laboratory setting, IRB, or related topics;● Mentoring researchers at the student, postdoctoral, technician levels;● Teaching and advising both in person and online including responding to evaluations and managing disruptive students and situations;● Service ranging from the department through to national and international level;● Tenure and promotion including strategies for best presenting a package

Conference Session

Thinking Outside the STEM Box: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jan Fertig, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Subha Kumpaty, Milwaukee School of Engineering

through promoting socialjustice and equity, providing a safe and supportive learning environment, caring about the planet,and leading with trust and integrity. Integral to STEMpathy is teaching informed bycompassionate concern for others and the world expressed through projects and assignmentsdesigned to improve lives and solve pressing societal and environmental problems. STEMpathystudy participants were asked to indicate the degree to which projects and assignments weregeared toward making the world a better place and reflected compassion for others outside ofengineering. It has been argued that the days of the laboratory scientist, responsive only to peerreviewers and funding agencies, have given way to demands for scientists accountable to

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Harold Evensen, University of Wisconsin - Platteville

Paper ID #36775Specifications Grading in General Physics and EngineeringPhysics CoursesHarold T. Evensen (Professor of Engineering Physics) Hal Evensen has been a Professor of Engineering Physics at the University of Wisconsin-Platteville since 1999, where he has led ABET accreditation efforts and served as Program Coordinator. His research interests always involve students and range from carbon nanotube electronics and nanopatterned graphene to automated control of grazing dairy herds. He enjoys teaching courses in Sensors and Electric & Magnetic Fields, and has developed a new, project-based course for first

Conference Session

LEES 5: Preparing and Practicing Culturally and Ethically Sensitive Engagement

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Franz Newland, York University; Raghad El-Shebiny, York University; Olivia Alsop, York University

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 5 Design Teams

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Oakes, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Paul Leidig, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Andrew Pierce, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

. He currently consults on learning and talent development programs within the architecture, engineering, and construction industry. Mr. Leidig has focused on community-engaged engineering and design for over fifteen years.Andrew Pierce (Laboratory Manager) © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Assessing Multidisciplinary, Long-Term Design ExperiencesIntroductionCommunity-engaged design experiences offer many benefits to engineering, the designcommunity, and higher education in general. These experiences offer opportunities for studentsto engage with real users and to see how designs can positively impact people

Conference Session

ERM: Persistence and Attrition in Engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyeonghun Jwa, Pennsylvania State University; Catherine Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University

sends reminder emails about theweekly survey, which has been demonstrated to improve participation rates. He also pulls eachweek’s data, cleaning it to identify non-participation and to plot intermediate data to ensure thedata we are collecting is performing well and capturing what we would like to see. The student isalso responsible for distributing financial incentives to the participants with sustained participationin the study, and for monitoring the laboratory email to make sure that any participants who havequestions or no longer would like to be part of the study can be quickly removed or communicatedwith.In Practice: Data Analysis. Our plans for Time Series Analysis methods will employautoregressive integrative moving average (ARIMA

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 11: Program Descriptions and Learning Analytics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joan Tisdale, University of Colorado Boulder; Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado Boulder; Laura MacDonald, University of Colorado Boulder; Carlo Salvinelli, University of Colorado Boulder

Paper ID #37954Sustainability Inclusion Efforts in Three Unique First-YearEngineering CoursesJoan Tisdale Joan Tisdale's research focus is in engineering education and specifically sustainability across engineering curricula. She has a bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering rom Auburn University, a masters degree in mechanical engineering from MIT and is currently working on her PhD in civil engineering, with a certificate in global engineering, at the University of Colorado Boulder. She has also worked at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory as a process engineer.Angela R Bielefeldt (Professor) Angela

Conference Session

CIT Division Technical Session #7

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daqing Hou; Yu Liu, Clarkson University

Paper ID #37960Best Practices and Lessons Learned on Organizing EffectiveCohort-based Undergraduate Summer Research duringCOVID-19Daqing Hou professor of software engineering at Clarkson UniversityYu Liu Dr. Yu Liu is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Clarkson University. Prior to joining Clarkson University, he was a research scientist at the Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL) from 2013 through 2017. In addition, he was employed at Motorola as a senior software engineer from 2003 through 2007, and IBM from 2011 through 2013. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from

Conference Session

ERM: ERM Medley Session!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reagan Curtis, West Virginia University; Jason Gross, West Virginia University; Evana Nusrat Dooty, West Virginia University; Sumaia Ali Raisa, West Virginia University; Yu Gu, West Virginia University

55 DOF, from 50mg to 200kg. The Interactive Robotics Laboratory (IRL) that Gu is directing is currently working on precision robotic pollinators, autonomous planetary rovers, teams of robots for exploring underground environments, and swarms of ground and space robots. The outcomes of IRL research have been featured in 150 media stories. Gu also led the initiation and development of the WVU Robotics program. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Human-Swarm Interaction Robotics as Context for Training Diverse Undergraduate ResearchersOur objective in this Evidence-Based

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lorelle Meadows, Michigan Technological University; Denise Sekaquaptewa, University of Michigan; Darnishia Slade, Michigan Technological University; Logan Burley, University of Michigan

“teaching intervention” [29] that raised awareness of genderstereotyping and its demonstrated effect on women’s math performance was found to buffer thenegative effects of stereotyping of women.Extending this previous work, we propose that an ability to recognize subtle bias as being causedby gender stereotyping may reduce the likelihood of witnesses to explicitly endorse stereotypes,and increase the likelihood that they will explicitly disavow stereotypes.People are likely to differ in their tendency or ability to identify subtle gender bias as genderstereotyping. Because subtle gender bias is by its nature ambiguous, it may be interpreted indifferent ways by different people. For example, engineering students working on teams maywitness a woman