Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen Thompson, Loras College

.Appendix A: SolidWorks Flow Simulation InstructionsPart 1C: Adding features to the model to extract simulation resultsNote: It is critical that the two lines described below be on different sketches, so that we can extract theresults separately. To do this, be sure to exit the sketch after the first line is drawn. When selecting toopen the sketch the second time. Then click on the “Front View” in the design tree within the drawingwindow. 1. Draw the centerline - Click on sketch under the “Sketch” tab - Select the line tool. - Select the front plane from the design tree in the drawing window. - Draw a centerline through the full length of the tube. - If necessary rebuild the project - Exit sketch - Rename sketch to “centerline

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 13: Work-in-Progress Postcard Session #2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Randy Brooks, Texas A&M University

opportunity to lead an impactul Project Lead the Way (PLTW) Principles of Engineering (PoE) course, a project-based learning survey of the engineering discipline. Since the Summer of 2015 I have been privileged to work with the Texas A and M Sketch Recognition Lab (TAMU SRL) to evaluate a couple of online tutorial tools (Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS)) currently under development, Mechanix and Sketchtivity, that provide immediate constructive feedback to the students and student-level metrics to the instructors. I presented on this work at the state and national PLTW Conventions and at CPTTE in 2016. I also spent 5 semesters beginning the Fall of 2015 taking online courses learning how to construct and deliver online courses

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - The New Normal: Enduring Technology Improvements in the Classroom

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alyson Eggleston, The Citadel; Robert Rabb, The Citadel; Ronald Welch, The Citadel

Paper ID #37856We Can’t Go Back: Student Perceptions and RemoteLearning ProtocolsAlyson Grace Eggleston Dr. Alyson Eggleston is a cognitive linguist specializing in the impact our speech has on the way we think and solve problems. She is the founding Director of Technical Communication at The Citadel, and has developed a project-based technical communication course that serves over 14 STEM majors and several degree programs in the social sciences. She is also acting Residential Fellow for the Center for Excellence and Innovation in Teaching, Learning, and Distance Education, and in this role regularly mentors

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Briceland McLaughlin, Boise State University; Julianne Wenner, Clemson University

typically underserved student groups.SEnS GPS is investigating the experiences of computer science and engineering MS studentsfrom pre-decision and recruitment to graduation. This project is working to determine if bestpractices in the areas of recruitment, retention, and persistence to degree at the undergraduatelevel translate successfully to the MS level, looking specifically at low-income, academicallytalented, first-generation, and generally underrepresented students in the science, technology,engineering, and math (STEM) disciplines.SEnS GPS is currently in its second year and has just graduated its first cohort of 10 students inMay 2022. Sixteen students have participated in the program as scholars (scholars are defined asreceiving NSF

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Gentry, University of California, Davis; Rachel Altovar

programming skills in later courses, such asthe capstone design project, but these were not required to complete assignments before thepandemic. Unfortunately, a portion of the study cohort had their undergraduate educational plansdisrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Students enrolled in the two-quarter capstone designproject in Spring 2020 were not permitted to access laboratory equipment on campus or travel tosponsor companies. Thus, they relied on computational tools to complete their projects.MethodsThis study surveyed students enrolled in a Materials Kinetics course in either Winter 2018 or2019. The new survey was distributed to the cohort in Spring 2021, nine to twenty-one monthsfollowing the expected graduation date (based on course timing

Conference Session

LEES 2: Stories of Intersectionality and Institutional Marginalization

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victoria Siaumau, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Yumi Aguilar, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Jane Lehr, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Lynne Slivovsky, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Emily Flores, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Lauren Cooper, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

projects that provide virtual educational experiences for K-12 students on marine science. She loves to cook, ride her bike, and play with her dog. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Reimagining Methodologies: Why We Center Marginalized VoicesAbstractWe are a student, alum, and faculty research team seeking to reduce harm, be responsive to /mitigate / reduce trauma, and grow justice within engineering education pedagogy / practice,related research communities (including ASEE), and the broader world. We seek to utilizeresearch methodologies that align with these aspirations, goals, and commitments. However,many standard

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elsa Gonzalez, University of Houston; Emma Perez, University of Houston

TAMU-Corpus Christi and Texas A&M University. She received her MBA from the National University of Mexico (UNAM), and a Ph.D. from Texas A&M University (College Station). Dr. Gonzalez has professional and academic leadership experience as bilingual scholar in higher education institutions in Mexico, Spain, USA, and China. In 2020, she was awarded from the National Science Foundation (NSF) – with a CAREER grant award for her project: CAREER: Broadening Participation in STEM: A Qualitative Analysis of Resilience Experiences and Strategies of Latina STEM Majors in HSIs. She is the author of the book "An Asset-Based Approach to Advancing Latina Students in STEM: Increasing Resilience, Participation, and Success

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Orton, University of Missouri - Columbia; Fan Yu, University of Missouri - Columbia; Johanna Milord; Lisa Flores, University of Missouri - Columbia; Rose Marra, University of Missouri - Columbia

Paper ID #38322The concerns and perceived challenges that students facedwhen traditional in-person engineering courses suddenlytransitioned to remote learningSarah Lynn Orton (Dr.) Dr. Orton is an associate professor in Civil Engineering and is an active member of the American Concrete Institute and the American Society of Civil Engineers. Dr. Orton also serves as the Director of Undergraduate Studies for the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at the University of Missouri. She has participated in several programs aimed at improving undergraduate education. Her research projects have involved the use of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Stwalley, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Grace Baldwin; Virginia Booth-Womack, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Sarah Larose; Carol Stwalley, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

covered abouttwo thirds of their projected academic costs. Once on campus, the program attempted to create apositive, success-reinforcing community of students, similar to those found in minority advocacyorganizations and smaller engineering departments (Baldwin et al., 2021a). Students began theircollegiate STEM experience with a boot camp designed to emulate the expectations and work loadof the first-year engineering program at Purdue, in a consequence-free environment. During eachschool year, students were provided with a friendly, success-tools oriented seminar by one of theprogram’s investigators. Reflective writing exercises were emphasized to encourage writtencommunication skills and career focus (McCarthy, 2011; Bolton, 2006). Purdue has

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chelsea Linvill; Benjamin Michael Wallen P.E., United States Military Academy

included a project broken into threeparts, an exam, a lab, and a virtual field trip to a local wastewater treatment plant. The final andshortest block over five lessons covered air pollution control and only had a homeworkassignment as a major graded event. At the conclusion of the semester, all students were given afinal exam which was worth 20% of their overall grade in the course. This study first assessed the performance of students on all major graded events vs. theirchosen modality of attendance. The attendance for each lesson was recorded in an excel databaseby instructors after the conclusion of each lesson. Personally identifiable information was notrecorded and instead students were assigned a random number to attach their

Conference Session

Thinking Outside the STEM Box: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Piyush Pradhananga; Mohamed Elzomor, Florida International University

Paper ID #36872Nurturing Social Sustainability Within our FutureWorkforcesPiyush Pradhananga Piyush Pradhananga is a Ph.D. Candidate in Civil and Environmental Engineering at Florida International University (FIU). Piyush holds a B.S. in Civil Engineering from Tribhuwan University (TU). Following his graduation in 2016, he joined a leading real estate corporation in Nepal as a site engineer working on a multi-million project. He later joined a research firm based in London where he worked as an Engineering Graduate Researcher. Piyush is currently a Graduate Research Assistant and Teaching Assistant at the Moss

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods (ERM) Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emma Treadway, Trinity University; Jessica Swenson, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Melissa Caserto, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York

in the next question inorder to collect common words that students might want as part of the list in the future (“If youused [emotion not listed here] above, what word or phrase did you need?”). The final questionpresented to students is shown in Figure 1, with the emotions listed in the order shown. Figure 1: The pilot question as presented to students in the Qualtrics softwareData CollectionStudents from four classes at three universities were assigned OEMPs in their classes as part of alarger research project [1], [2], [17]. The scope and format of the OEMP(s) assigned in eachclass varied, as shown in Table 1 below.Table 1: Pilot survey question participation. Of 188 students who consented to the survey across

Conference Session

ERM: Lessons Learned from COVID (COVID Part 2)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eleazar Marquez, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; Samuel Garcia, NASA EPDC

two elements: 1) classroomenvironment, and 2) students being able to access campus resources such as study spaces, books,outdoor recreation programs, advising programs, computer labs, and internet services [11], [12],[13], [19].Though Problem-based learning (PBL) [17], Project-based learning [27], [28], and visual cuing[7], [8], [9], [10] are several effective pedagogical practices implemented in the classroom, themost impactful towards strengthening student learning, engagement, and success is classroomenvironment [5], [14], [15], [16], [17]. Studies reveal that the climate, tone, or ambience thatinfluences the setting minimizes classroom power relations, strengthens student-instructorcommunication, fosters an active learning environment

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 2: Peer Mentoring/Learning, Teaching Assistants, and Career Mentorship

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerald Tembrevilla, McMaster University; Andre Phillion, McMaster University; Shelir Ebrahimi, McMaster University

approach between instructorsand teaching assistants is crucial.There are numerous successful collaborative models for teaching. While the majority of researchon collaborative teaching involve faculty to faculty collaborations [3-5], there are teachingcollaborations that exist between faculty and undergraduate students [6, 7] or faculty andgraduate students (in their PhD programs) [8]. However, there is only limited research examiningteaching collaborations that involve among undergraduate and graduate students in a course.In this study, we examine the complementarity of roles between IAIs and TAs in the remoteteaching and learning in the Faculty of Engineering at McMaster University’s first-year coursetitled Integrated Cornerstone Design Projects

Conference Session

LEES 2: Stories of Intersectionality and Institutional Marginalization

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janelle Grant; Stephanie Masta, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Darryl Dickerson, Florida International University; Alice Pawley, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Matthew Ohland, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

Alice Pawley (she, her) is a Professor in the School of Engineering Education and an affiliate faculty member in the Gender, Women’s and Sexuality Studies Program and Environmental and Ecological Engineering at Purdue University. Prof. Pawley's goal through her work at Purdue is to help people, including the engineering education profession, develop a vision of engineering education as more inclusive, engaged, and socially just. Her research group's diverse projects and members are described at pawleyresearch.org. She was a National Academy of Engineering CASEE Fellow in 2007, received a CAREER award in 2010 and a PECASE award in 2012 for her project researching the stories of undergraduate engineering women and men of

Conference Session

Pedagogy in Chemical Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Hirshfield, University of Michigan; H. Scott Fogler, University of Michigan; Chris Barr, University of Michigan

Pre Post Difference P-Value While doing ChE homework 1.82 2.00 0.18 0.228 While in ChE lectures 1.94 2.13 0.19 0.235 While studying for ChE 1.52 1.50 -0.02 0.899 exams While working on ChE 2.90 3.07 0.17 0.451 projects While in ChE lab 4.14 3.83 -0.32 0.171It is interesting to note that there was a non-significant decrease in how often studentsconsider safety while working in chemical engineering labs, particularly for junior andsenior students (Table 4 and 5) who are the students enrolled in the lab during the yearof this study. However, this

Conference Session

Issues Facing STEM Programs at Rural Two-Year Colleges

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cody Mann, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Andrew Hanegmon; Anthony Venditto; Katherine Ulseth, Itasca Community College; Frankie Wood-Black; Liz Cox; Michelle Soledad, Minnesota State University, Mankato

-informed reflective practice. Michelle's professional experience includes roles in industry and academia, having worked as a software engineer, project lead and manager for Accenture before serving as Assistant Professor and Department Chair for Electrical Engineering at the Ateneo de Davao University. She has also served in administrative and teaching faculty roles at Virginia Tech and The Ohio State University.Anthony Venditto (Bell Program Facilitator)Katherine Faye Ulseth I graduated from Minnesota State University - Mankato's Iron Range Engineering Program with a B.S. in Integrated Engineering in 2013. I worked as a mechanical engineer at Magnetation (an iron ore mine) where I led millwrights' daily activities

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division Technical Session 3: Technology

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul McMonigle, Pennsylvania State University

studentsalready bring to class (laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc.) and the Nearpod or Top Hat learningapplications to provide instruction that can be delivered in-person or online, both synchronouslyand asynchronously. Examples include multiple different activities that encourage activelearning and student engagement. The sessions are scaffolded so that students learn moreadvanced concepts as they go from First-Year Seminars to Capstone Design Projects, all whilemaintaining the learning outcomes set forth by the Association for College and ResearchLibraries (ACRL) Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education and theAccreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). Successes, failures, andmodifications to the model are

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Visco, The University of Akron; Nidaa Makki; Erin Stevic; Joshua Phillips, The University of Akron; Laura Carey, The University of Akron; Elle Bonnema

Paper ID #36793Implementation of a Virtual Job Shadowing Experience forSTEM Students Participating in a Corporate-STEMConnection ProgramDonald P. Visco (Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering)Nidaa Makki Nidaa Makki is a Professor in the LeBron James Family Foundation School of Education at the University of Akron, with expertise in STEM Education. She has served as co-PI on several NSF projects, investigating STEM education interventions at the K-12 and undergraduate levels. She also has expertise as program evaluator for various STEM education programs, and has led teacher professional development in

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Thermodynamics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emmanuel Glakpe, Howard University

accreditation by havinga final year capstone design course as documented by Thigpen et al [3] that tasks students toexecute a project in which most of the principles that were taught and learnt in the curriculum areapplied in the realization of a product that is designed, built, and tested. The overall goal of thecurriculum in mechanical engineering should be to prepare students to pursue differentprofessional endeavors from working with an engineering company, working on their own, orpursuing advanced studies to innovate new products or improve on existing products. In allcases, students must be taught at a level that ensures their understanding and application of thefundamental principles of science and engineering. The formula approach to teaching

Conference Session

ERM: Let's Talk about Tests! (Tests Part 1)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Delson, University of California, San Diego; Saharnaz Baghdadchi, University of California, San Diego; Maziar Ghazinejad, University of California, San Diego; Marko Lubarda, University of California, San Diego; Mia Minnes, University of California, San Diego; Alex Phan, University of California, San Diego; Curt Schurgers, University of California, San Diego; Huihui Qi, University of California, San Diego

Paper ID #37270Can Oral Exams Increase Student Performance andMotivation?Nathan Delson (Professor) Nathan Delson is a Teaching Professor at the University of California at San Diego. His research interests include robotics, biomedical devices, and engineering education. He teaches introductory design, mechanics, mechatronics, capstone design, medical devices, and product design & entrepreneurship. His interests in design education includes increasing student motivation, teamwork, hands-on projects, and integration of theory into design projects. In 1999 he co- founded Coactive Drive Corporation (currently

Conference Session

Assessment in Chemical Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carah Watson, Campbell University; Jacqueline Gartner, Campbell University; Bernard Van Wie, Washington State University; Prashanta Dutta, Washington State University; Olusola Adesope, Washington State University; Heidi Curtis, Campbell University

Paper ID #37951The Effects of Prior Knowledge on Learning with Low-CostDesktop Learning ModulesCarah Elyssa Watson Carah Watson is a rising senior in general engineering with a chemical/pharmaceutical concentration at Campbell University. She has been working as an undergraduate research assistant for Dr. Jacqueline Gartner on the Educating Diverse Undergraduate Communities with Affordable Transport Equipment (EDUC-ATE) project through Washington State University (WSU) and Campbell University since the spring of 2021.Jacqueline Gartner (Assistant Professor) Jacqueline is an Assistant Professor and founding

Conference Session

Computing & Information Technology Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Liu, Purdue University Fort Wayne

topics1. combination of college-level mathematics and sciences (some with laboratory and/or experimental experience) appropriate to the discipline.2. advanced technical and/or science topics appropriate to the program3. a general education component that complements the technical and scientific content of the curriculum and is consistent with the program and institution objectives.4. be prepared for practice in a field of applied or natural sciences through a curriculum culminating in comprehensive projects or experiences based on the cumulative knowledge and skills acquired in earlier course work..5 Data Science Curriculum5.1 Data Science Curriculum as a Computing ProgramData Science and similarly name programs

Conference Session

Computers in Education 3 - Modulus I

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Frank Vahid, University of California, Riverside; Bailey Miller, University of California, Riverside; Tony Givargis, University of California, Irvine

Value Website visits (since 2016) 20,000 Website users (since 2016) 14,000 Subscribers to textbook (since 12,500 2014) Distinct universities adopting 78 textbook (since 2014)Figure 8: RIOS usage metrics.At our own universities, RIOS is a fundamental part of our introductory embedded systems course,taught to several hundred students per year. Prior to utilizing the RIOS approach for concurrent tasks(pre-2012), we observed about 10-20% of students failing to complete their final projects that requiredmultiple tasks, usually due to bugs in the multi-tasking aspects of their programs. That situation was infact a key motivator for developing RIOS. Since introducing the RIOS approach involving cooperativeperiodic tasks and the

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Bosman, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Nathalie Duval-Couetil, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Karoline Jarr

has led educators to develop anentrepreneurial mindset in engineering students [1, 2]. Entrepreneurial mindset (EM) is definedas an “inclination to discover, evaluate, and exploit opportunities" [3, 4], and the way to thedevelop EM in graduates is through education. As an example, a Moroccan university hasintroduced a training-based educational approach for Ph.D. students to improve theirunderstanding of opportunity recognition and its surrounding environment by instilling anentrepreneurship mindset [5]. Many other approaches enhance engineering student abilitiesthrough forms of entrepreneurial-minded learning such as problem-based learning, and project-based learning [6, 7]. One possible way to promote these practices is through the SOTL

Conference Session

ECE Division Technical Session 4: Student-centered Learning and Teaching Methodologies

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wei Wu, IEEE Xplore Digital Library

introductory electronics course that discusses the fundamentals of semiconductordevices such as Si Diode, Zener, BJT, and MOSFET. EE343 is an advanced electronics coursethat focuses on single-stage and multistage transistor amplifiers. Both courses were taught usingthe traditional lecture method with two take-home group projects. Although the lecture topicswere well arranged, the students’ learning outcomes didn’t yield a very good result. Thus, withthe department’s support, the author restructured both courses in Fall 2019.Course RestructureMany studies have proven the effectiveness of embedding hands-on lab components inengineering courses. The hands-on experience dramatically increases students’ engagement,promotes their motivation, and enhances

Conference Session

ERM: Exploring Educational Technology in Engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Milo Koretsky, Tufts University; Harpreet Auby, Tufts University; John Galisky, University of California, Santa Barbara; Susan Nolen

CW.MethodsThis case study focuses on Al and Joe, two white male instructors teaching in undergraduateengineering programs. Al and Joe started using the Concept Warehouse in their statics classes aspart of this project. We conducted two virtual interviews with each instructor. The first focusedon personal history, context, and current instructional and assessment practice, early in or justprior to adoption for in-class instruction. The second interview, after one or two terms of CWuse, focused on current practice, including pandemic-related shifts. Each shared an example fromtheir course, demonstrating how they used the CW. Interviews were video recorded, transcribed,and then coded collaboratively by the four authors. Data analysis involved iteratively

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Innovating New Ways to Teach

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ismail Haltas

Zirve University in Turkey. During his five-year tenure at Zirve University, he conducted several research projects funded by National Research Agencies while teaching undergraduate and graduate-level courses. Before joining King’s College, Dr. Haltas held a Senior Research Fellow post at Cranfield University, England for two years. He has held the Professional Engineer License in Civil Engineering in California since 2010. His expertise and research foci are flood hazard and risk modeling, scaling in hydraulic and hydrologic processes, and agent-based modeling of complex systems. He mainly teaches courses such as Fluid Mechanics, Dynamics, Hydraulics and Hydrology, Probability and Statistics, and Water Resources

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 6: Monitoring, Evaluating and Research

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xixi LU

the interviewdata of experts, teachers and students, introduces the general situation of its practice,and summarizes the characteristics of artificial intelligence and human languagelaboratory in Chinese colleges and universities.4.1 Mission and visionBFSU • AI focuses on the cutting-edge topics in the field of national artificialintelligence and education, combined with BFSU’s “Double First-class” disciplinelayout, in line with the construction principle of “openness, coordination, intelligenceand first-class”, and aims to “explain human intelligence, control artificial intelligence,decode language mysteries and achieve intelligent people”.[10] Gu Yueguo, chiefexpert of the laboratory and chief researcher of the innovation project of the

Conference Session

Broadening Participation and Inclusion in STEM: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip Gonsalves; Emmanuel Johnson, University of Southern California; Teresa Ober, University of Notre Dame; Janice Zdankus; Mayank Kakodkar, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

,the total projected U.S. employment in the science, technology, engineering, mathematics, andcomputing (STEM+C) workforce will be 9.2 million, of which 4.4 million will be computingjobs, it is imperative that we find ways to address this growing disparity 10 .Numerous programs such as code2040, Management Leadership for Tomorrow (MLT), and anumber of other non-profits are looking to address this need by providing access to careers intechnology for African American and Hispanic/Latinx students. Although these solutions may begreat approaches for addressing the lack of diversity in the technology sector, most AfricanAmericans/Blacks, Hispanic/Latinx, and Native Americans/Alaskan Natives (AHN1 ) students arelikely to have lost interest in