Conference Session

Educational Research

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gloria Starns, Iowa State University; Mathew Hagge, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-770: QUANTIFYING LEARNING THROUGH THE USE OF MIND MAPSAND CONCEPT MAPSGloria Starns, Iowa State University Gloria Starns is a Senior Lecturer at Iowa State University. Dr. Starns earned her Ph.D. from Iowa State University in 1996. Her research interests include synthesis of planar mechanisms using optimization methods. In the area of engineering education Dr. Starns is researching the ways in which to quantify learning.Mathew Hagge, Iowa State University Mathew Hagge is a lecturer in Mechanical Engineering at Iowa State University. For his Ph.D., Dr Hagge developed a CFD model for biomass pyrolysis. He specializes in the area of thermodynamics, and his teaching efforts have

Conference Session

Measurement Tools

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Cady, National Academy of Engineering; Norman Fortenberry, National Academy of Engineering; Malcolm Drewery, National Academy of Engineering; Stefani A. Bjorklund, Rankin & Associates Consulting

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

learning outcomes to instructional practices - Phase III. Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition. June 12-15, Portland, OR.[9] Chickering, A.W. & Gamson, Z.F., Eds. (1991) Applying the seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. New Directions for Teaching and Learning.[10] Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R., Eds. (2000) How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school. National Academies Press: Washington, DC.[11] American Psychological Association. (1997) Learner-centered psychological principles: A framework for school reform and redesign. Retrieved January 29, 2009 from http://www.apa.org/ed

Conference Session

Knowing Our Students, Faculty, and Profession

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Anderson, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Sandra Courter, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Thomas McGlamery, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Traci Nathans-Kelly, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Christine Nicometo, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-230: UNDERSTANDING THE CURRENT WORK AND VALUES OFPROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR ENGINEERINGEDUCATIONKevin Anderson, University of Wisconsin, MadisonSandra Courter, University of Wisconsin, MadisonThomas McGlamery, University of Wisconsin, MadisonTraci Nathans-Kelly, University of Wisconsin, MadisonChristine Nicometo, University of Wisconsin, Madison Page 14.1297.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Understanding the Current Work and Values of Professional Engineers: Implications for Engineering EducationKey Words: engineering practice, values, identity; education implicationsAbstractTo better meet the needs of this century’s

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. 4Interconnectedness and To treat everyone fairly, we need to ignore the color of people’s skin.Global KinshipSkilled Disposition and I try to consider different points of view on an issue in my engineering work beforeOpen-mindedness making up my own mind, even when I have a strong first impression.Peaceful Resolution If people in engineering industries were treated more fairly, there would be fewer problems and less conflict and disagreement in this country.A minimum of two items per subscale is a reverse scored item in the index in suport of bestpractice in survey development. A five point Likert type scale was employed for theEngineering Global Preparedness Index (EGPI). Once I designed my initial set of

Conference Session

Classroom Engagement

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keith Holbert, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

(EPAR),” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 86, no. 2, April 1997, pp. 183-187.11. S.K. Starrett, M.M. Morcos, “Hands-on, minds-on electric power education,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 90, no. 1, Jan. 2001, pp. 93-99.12. C.J. Finelli, A. Klinger, D.D. Budny, “Strategies for improving the classroom environment,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 90, no. 4, Oct. 2001, pp. 491-497.13. S. Shooter, M. McNeill, “Interdisciplinary collaborative learning in mechatronics at Bucknell University,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 91, no. 3, July 2002, pp. 339-344.14. T. W. Simpson, H. J. Thevenot, “Using product dissection to integrate product family design research into the classroom and improve

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Duffy, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Carol Barry, University Massachusetts Lowell; Linda Barrington, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Manuel Heredia, University of Massachusetts, Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-2160: SERVICE-LEARNING IN ENGINEERING SCIENCE COURSES:DOES IT WORK?John Duffy, University of Massachusetts, Lowell Professor, Mechanical EngineeringCarol Barry, University Massachusetts Lowell Professor, Plastics EngineeringLinda Barrington, University of Massachusetts, Lowell Service-Learning Coordinator, College of EngineeringManuel Heredia, University of Massachusetts, Lowell Doctoral Research Assistant, Renewable Energy Engineering Page 14.1055.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Service-Learning in Engineering Science Courses: Does It Work?Keywords: service-learning, faculty development, citizen

Conference Session

Engineering Design: Implementation and Evaluation

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shanna Daly, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-995: THE DESIGN LANDSCAPE: A PHENOMENOGRAPHIC STUDY OFDESIGN EXPERIENCESShanna Daly, University of Michigan Page 14.1189.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 The Design Landscape: A Phenomenographic Study of Design ExperiencesKey Words: design, phenomenography, professional experiencesAbstractDesign is central to engineering education and practice. Thus, it is important toinvestigate aspects of design that can be applied to facilitate engineers in becoming betterdesigners. Designers’ experiences impact their views on design, which then impact theways they approach a design task. Design approach then impacts new

Conference Session

Educational Research

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

B. Kyun Lee, LeTourneau University; Paul Leiffer, LeTouneau University; R. William Graff, LeTourneau University; Vicki Sheafer, LeTourneau Iniversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-1290: UNDERSTANDING COGNITIVE STYLE AND LEARNING STYLEAND THEIR APPLICATION TO TEACHING AND LEARNING IN ENGINEERING.B. Kyun Lee, LeTourneau UniversityPaul leiffer, LeTouneau UniversityR. William Graff, LeTourneau UniversityVicki Sheafer, LeTourneau Iniversity Dr. Vicki Sheafer is a professor in Psychology at LeTourneau University.Vicki Sheafer, LeTourneau Iniversity Dr. Vicki Sheafer is a professor in Psychology at LeTourneau University. Page 14.1293.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Understanding Cognitive Style and Learning Style and Their Application to Teaching and Learning in

Conference Session

Student Attitudes and Perceptions

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Masi, MIT

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

subjectconceptions? For example, how does a subject where students work together on thinking,in an engineering design sense, about solutions to global warming compare with a moretraditional engineering design subject where students work on the design of remotecontrolled dirigibles. While the former may be more exciting to students, and moremotivating, what impact will it have on engineering abilities?An experiment with this question in mind was used as a baseline in developing a widerange of freshman design subjects that could attract not only students interested inengineering as a major, but all freshmen enrolled at the institution. The overall structureof the subjects was a loosely structured design “process.” The subjects would also need tostress the

Conference Session

Measurement Tools

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lourdes Gazca, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Enrique Palou, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Aurelio López-Malo, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Juan Manuel Garibay, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-1071: CAPTURING DIFFERENCES OF ENGINEERING DESIGNLEARNING ENVIRONMENTS BY MEANS OF THE VANTH OBSERVATIONSYSTEMLourdes Gazca, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla Lourdes Gazca is Science, Engineering, and Technology Education Ph.D. Student at Universidad de las Americas Puebla in Mexico. She teaches mathematics and statistics related courses. Her research interests include faculty development, active and cooperative learning, and creating effective learning environments.Enrique Palou, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla Enrique Palou is Director, Center for Science, Engineering, and Technology Education; and Professor, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering at Universidad de las

Conference Session

ERM Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

TK Beam, James Madison University; Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University; Jamie Constantz, James Madison University; Aditya Johri, Virginia Tech; Robin Anderson, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

a biology major. In fact,many of them actually had a career in mind, and pursued biology as the best way to achievethat goal. Furthermore, family members were not only supportive, but provided their childrenwith connections and opportunities within the field. It can be thought that this familiarity actsas a platform on which the professional identity can begin to form.Many of the other STEM majors also cited class as the time when they felt most like aprofessional in their field. Other factors that we believe to play a part in this discrepancybetween STEM majors and engineering students in particular is the presence the fields have inK-12 education. Other STEM fields, such as biology and chemistry, have a large presence inK-12 education

Conference Session

Modeling Student Data

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Urban-Lurain, Michigan State University; Jon Sticklen, Michigan State University; Daina Briedis, Michigan State University; Neeraj Buch, Michigan State University; Thomas Wolff, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-1022: UNDERSTANDING FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO RETENTIONIN ENGINEERING: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING (SEM)APPROACHMark Urban-Lurain, Michigan State University Mark Urban-Lurain is the Director of Instructional Technology Research & Development in the Division of Science and Mathematics Education at Michigan State University. Dr. Urban-Lurain's research interests are in theories of cognition, their impact on instructional design and applying these to the use of instructional technology. He is also interested in the role of technology in educational improvement and reform.Jon Sticklen, Michigan State University Jon Sticklen is the Director of the Applied Engineering Sciences major

Conference Session

ERM Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dazhi Yang, Purdue University; Ruth Streveler, Purdue University; Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Aidsa Santiago Roman

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-589: REPAIRING MISCONCEPTIONS: A CASE STUDY WITHADVANCED ENGINEERING STUDENTS ON THEIR USE OF SCHEMATRAINING MODULESDazhi Yang, Purdue University Dazhi Yang is a postdoctoral researcher in the School of Engineering Education at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. She obtained both her master’s and Ph.D. degrees in Educational Technology from Purdue in 2004 and 2008, respectively. Prior to joining the School of Engineering Education, Dr. Yang worked on a variety of interdisciplinary research projects in instructional design, distance and online learning, assessment and evaluation, technology integration, and information security and assurance in K12 schools. She is the 2009 Young

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Trenor, Clemson University; Shirley Yu, University of Houston; Denise Grant, Clemson University; Hibah Salem, Univesity of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-786: PARTICIPATION IN A RESEARCH EXPERIENCE FORTEACHERS PROGRAM: IMPACT ON PERCEPTIONS AND EFFICACY TOTEACH ENGINEERINGJulie Trenor, Clemson University Julie Martin Trenor. Ph.D. is an assistant professor of Engineering and Science Education at Clemson University. She holds a Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from Virginia Tech and a bachelor’s degree in the same field from North Carolina State University. Her research interests focus on factors affecting the recruitment, retention, and career development of under-represented students in engineering. Prior to her appointment at Clemson, Dr. Trenor served as the Director of Undergraduate Student Recruitment and Retention

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Hahn, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Alan Hansen, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-577: LEARNING OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT OF A PROJECT-ABROADPROGRAM IN SOUTH AFRICA: TOWARD "A BETTER ENGINEER IN THEREAL WORLD"Laura Hahn, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Dr. Laura Hahn is a specialist in education at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She consults with faculty in the College of Engineering on curriculum, instruction, teaching assistant development, and learning outcomes assessment. She has helped develop two project-abroad programs for students in the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering.Alan Hansen, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Alan Hansen received his PhD from the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, where he joined

Conference Session

Classroom Engagement

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Stice, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

from reading, for instance,and this is backward from what Dale’s Cone suggests. I’m not “ear-minded” as the learningpsychologists say, and I understand that about a third of the U. S. population is like me (and Ican’t quote an exact source for this number either – I got it from learning psychologist FredKeller7 in a conversation with him). I don’t receive vocal information as efficiently as I do whenI read about something – I can always read text over again, but it isn’t usually possible to“replay” a lecture or a conversation. So my learning skills don’t match the lower levels of Dale’sCone. But after 43 years of teaching engineering subjects I am quite comfortable with the ideasthat, for most engineering students, Visual Receiving is superior

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip Parker, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Engineering Education & Practice. 1995;121(2).3. Berthouex P.M. Honing the writing skills of engineers. Journal of Professional Issues inEngineering Education & Practice. 1996; 122(3).4. Bransford J. How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school. National Academy Press;2000.5. Yalvac B, Smith H.D., Troy J.B. Promoting advanced writing skills in an upper-levelengineering class. Journal of Engineering Education (Washington, D.C.). 2007; 96(2).6. Carvill C, Smith S, Watt A, Williams J. Integrating writing into technical courses: Stepstoward incorporating communication into the engineering classroom. Proceedings of the 2002American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition

Conference Session

Knowing Our Students, Faculty, and Profession

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cindy Waters, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-1394: TEACHING THE MILLENNIAL STUDENT, ADAPTING THELEARNING FRAMEWORK FOR MATERIAL SCIENCECindy Waters, North Carolina A&T State University Page 14.1158.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 TEACHING THE MILLENNIAL STUDENT, ADAPTING THE LEARNING FRAMEWORK FOR MATERIAL SCIENCEAbstractFaculty are responsible for teaching courses that are current and use pedagogy up to date with thestudents of today. The current generation of university students consisting of those born after1980 and graduating high school following the year 2000 are pegged the Millenials1. Thisgeneration, has demonstrated many

Conference Session

Student Learning

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Jablokow, Pennsylvania State University-Great Valley; Pamela Vercellone-Smith, Penn State Great Valley; Sally Sue Richmond, Penn State Great Valley

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

have equal value overall, we realize that adiversity of styles within an engineering team is desirable – but this diversity must be understoodand managed well, or it may create conflicts (Problem Bs) that distract the team from its main,original aim (Problem A).With all of these factors and issues in mind, we have begun to explore the cognitive diversity ofour students from a problem solving perspective. For example: there is a common misperception(found most often in the creativity literature) that portrays engineers as “highly structured,Adaptor-inclined”. Based on personal experience (both in and out of the classroom), we believethis to be a false image of engineers and decided to test its accuracy. In addition, we wanted toexplore the

Conference Session

Educational Research

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam Czekanski, United States Military Academy; David Roux, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-878: A REVISITED STUDY ON THE USE OF CLICKER TECHNOLOGYTO EVALUATE SHORT-TERM CONCEPT RETENTIONAdam Czekanski, United States Military Academy ADAM J. CZEKANSKI is an instructor in the Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. He teaches introductory courses in environmental science, environmental engineering, and hydrogeology. Mr. Czekanski’s academic and research interests include engineering education and drinking water treatment in developing nations. Mr. Czekanski is a licensed professional engineer in the Commonwealth of Virginia.David Roux, United States Military Academy DAVID-MICHAEL P. ROUX is an instructor

Conference Session

Student Learning

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Prince, Bucknell University; Margot vigeant, bucknell; Katharyn Nottis, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-1795: DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCEPT INVENTORY IN HEATTRANSFERMichael Prince, Bucknell UniversityMargot vigeant, bucknellKatharyn Nottis, Bucknell University Page 14.469.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Development of a Concept Inventory in Heat TransferKeywords: heat, misconceptions, concept inventoryAbstractInitial research with chemical engineering students suggests several areas where studentsappear to have robust misconceptions. In heat transfer, those areas include (1)temperature vs. energy, (2) temperature vs. perceptions of hot and cold, (3) factors whichaffect the rate of transfer vs. those which affect the amount of energy transferred and (4

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University; Julie Trenor, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-744: USING A MIXED-METHODS APPROACH TO INVESTIGATESTUDENTS’ PERCEIVED LEARNING AND CHALLENGES FACED DURING ASUMMER UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCEOlga Pierrakos, James Madison University OLGA PIERRAKOS is an assistant professor in the School of Engineering at James Madison University. Dr. Pierrakos holds a B.S. in Engineering Science and Mechanics, an M.S. in Engineering Mechanics, and a Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering from Virginia Tech. Her interests in engineering education research center around recruitment and retention, understanding engineering students through the lens of identity theory, advancing problem based learning methodologies, assessing student learning, as well as

Conference Session

Classroom Engagement

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica Cardella, Purdue University; Heidi Diefes-Dux, Purdue University; Amber Oliver, Purdue University; Matthew Verleger, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-1635: INSIGHTS INTO THE PROCESS OF PROVIDING FEEDBACK TOSTUDENTS ON OPEN-ENDED PROBLEMSMonica Cardella, Purdue University Monica Cardella is an Assistant Professor of Engineering Education at Purdue University. She received her B.S. in Mathematics from the University of Puget Sound and her M.S. and Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering from the University of Washington. She teaches in the First-Year Engineering Program at Purdue as well as the Interdisciplinary Engineering program. Her research interests include engineers' uses of mathematical thinking in conceptual design as well as qualitative research in engineering education.Heidi Diefes-Dux, Purdue University Heidi Diefes-Dux is an

Conference Session

Using Technology to Enhance Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Blowers, University of Arizona

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-1440: APPLICATION OF MULTIMODAL SOFTWARE TOOLS TOTEACH PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLSPaul Blowers, University of Arizona Paul Blowers is an associate professor in the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and received his PhD from UIUC in 1999. He has been selected as one of the top two teachers in his home department every year for the last nine years, was selected as the best faculty advisor from the University of Arizona in 2008, and also received one of seven national faculty advisor awards from the National Acadademic Advisors Association in 2008. Page 14.222.1© American

Conference Session

Student Learning

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip Parker, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-2013: FACTORS AFFECTING CONCEPT RETENTIONPhilip Parker, University of Wisconsin, Platteville Page 14.623.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Factors Affecting Concept RetentionKeywordsConcept retention, transfer, competencies, fluid mechanicsIntroductionFew would argue with the claim that the quality of the learning experience in prerequisitecoursework has a significant impact on student success in subsequent courses. The premise forthis seems obvious: the more effectively students are taught, the better they will learn, and thebetter they learn, the more they will retain. Surprisingly, the STEM (Science, Technology,Engineering, and

Conference Session

Classroom Engagement

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University; Robert Leicht, Pennsylvania State University; John Messner, Pennsylvania State University; Thomas Litzinger, Pennsylvania State University; Hyeon Woo Lee, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

the method, using class time for a variety of differenttypes of exercises. In addition, while the flip technique is described here for a face-to-facesetting, the potential exists for the technique to shape blended learning environments.Bibliography1. Heywood, J. (2005). Engineering Education: Research and Development in Curriculum and Instruction. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.2. National Research Council (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Page 14.1385.11 Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.3. Felder, J. M. & Brent, R. (2003). Learning by Doing. Chemical

Conference Session

ERM Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Snyder, Taylor University; Elise Romines, Taylor University; Rachel Dodge, Taylor University; Jason Kruegar, Taylor University; Travis Booth, Taylor University; Josh Gates, Taylor University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

am an undergraduate Psychology student who is involved in an interdisciplinary team who is assessing the educational impact of the New Height's High Altitude Balloon Launch Research Program as it is integrated into undergraduate science classes.Travis Booth, Taylor UniversityJason Kruegar, Taylor UniversityJosh Gates, Taylor University Page 14.907.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 New Heights High Attitude Research Program Assessment Key Words: Problem based instruction, Educational assessment, and Balloon researchAbstract An investigation was conducted during the 2007-2008 school

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Esat Alpay, Imperial College London; Peter Cutler, Imperial College London; Susan Eisenbach, Imperial College London; Anthony Field, Imperial College London

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2009-1155: CHANGING THE MARKS BASED CULTURE OF LEARNINGTHROUGH PEER ASSISTED TUTORIALSEsat Alpay, Imperial College LondonPeter Cutler, Imperial College LondonSusan Eisenbach, Imperial College LondonAnthony Field, Imperial College London Page 14.316.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Changing the Marks Based Culture of Learning through Peer Assisted Tutorials E. Alpay1, P.S. Cutler2, S. Eisenbach2 and A.J. Field2 1 Faculty of Engineering (EnVision) 2 Department of Computing Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus