Conference Session

Solar, Wind, and Novel Energy-System Initiatives

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Recayi 'Reg' Pecen; Jill Humston, University of Northern Iowa

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

MSETI –AREA project has established a partnershipbetween the university and selected area middle schools for the improvement of students’mathematical and scientific skill sets, improve their technological literacy by creating anenvironment where they must understand and figure out relationships among basic mathematics,science and engineering technology applied to renewable energy fields in order to mentor andmanage effectively, and to give them a professional skill-set for successfully applyingmathematics and science to technical projects with diverse teams throughout their careers. Theuse of a number of renewable energy and energy efficiency based hands-on projects will alsopromote mathematics and science for middle school teachers and

Conference Session

New Trends in CHE Education II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J.Patrick Abulencia, Manhattan College

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

social networking tools can be used to stay intouch with alumni. This connection can help lead to a dialogue between the currentunderclassmen and alumni to initiate discussions on internships and career options at their placeof employment.Introduction The ubiquity of online social networking, especially among college students, has made ita candidate for scholarly research. Most of the early work on this phenomenon has focused on auser’s presentation of identity, and privacy concerns 1. However, a growing body of knowledgehas focused on their role within a college or university setting 2, 3, 4. This work examines the useand role of online social networking towards facilitating the high school to college transition, aswell as a tool for

Conference Session

The Ever-Changing Course

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Gustafson, Duke University; Rebecca Simmons, Duke University; W. Neal Simmons, Duke University; Michael Ehrenfried, Kent Denver School; Tod Laursen, Duke University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

fields would need to know a compiled language, they alsofelt that a programming package such as MATLAB would be more globally useful during theirundergraduate career – reflecting the conclusions of Bjedov and Anderson1 as well as those ofAzemi and Pauley in a more recent study2. Furthermore, given the vast differences inprogramming experience of entering freshman students, a language like MATLAB was seen aspresenting similar educational benefits to a compiled language, without as steep a learning curve.Thus, the course has been completely revised to utilize MATLAB. One benefit of this approachhas been the inclusion or expansion of MATLAB use in several other engineering courses3,4 aswell as in math and physics courses. This vertical integration

Conference Session

Modern Software Measurement Techniques

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamad Mustafa, Savannah State University; Rossmery Alva, Savannah State University; Asad Yousuf, Savannah State University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

AC 2009-557: MULTIDISCIPLINARY PROJECT AND COLLABORATIVE TEAMSMohamad Mustafa, Savannah State UniversityRossmery Alva, Savannah State UniversityAsad Yousuf, Savannah State University Page 14.894.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Multi-disciplinary Project and Collaborative TeamsAbstractMulti-disciplinary Project and Collaborative Teams (MPACT) is a collaborative effortbetween faculty and undergraduate students of Civil and Electrical EngineeringTechnology programs. This project is part of an undergraduate research projectsupported by the Minority Access to Graduate Education and Careers in Science,Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (MAGEC-STEM

Conference Session

Sustainability and Environmental Issues

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Belle Wei, San Jose State University; Patricia Backer, San Jose State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

pressing humanproblems, and fosters students’ moral commitment to use their education in a way that benefitsnot only themselves, but also the society and the world.Besides exemplifying the college’s vision, the field of green and sustainability engineeringpromises career opportunities for engineering graduates. For instance, the three largest cities inthe San Francisco-San Jose Metropolitan area have recently established the Climate ChangeCompact1. The compact has ten goals that include reducing the gasoline usage by 3% from 2008 Page 14.1277.2to 2013 as well as increasing the number of electric cars. Another goal is to place 20,000 newgraduates in

Conference Session

Engineering Management Program Design

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Abel, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

usedby the Engineering Management Program at Stevens Institute of Technology todemonstrate these concepts.Different data displays are used for varying reasons. For example, data displays ofaverage starting salaries are used to show that the Engineering Management Program wasnot standing still by having salaries stagnate, but was keeping pace with the nation byhaving graduates whose starting salary was comparable to those in the rest of the nation.Thus, Stevens Engineering Management graduates may be considered to be sought afterand competitive in the marketplace. See Table 1. Page 14.972.6 Table I: Career Profile and Salary Report of

Conference Session

BME Curriculum Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samantha Jacques, Milwaukee School of Engineeirng; John D. Gassert, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Thomas Swiontek, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Jeffrey LaMack, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Charles Tritt, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Larry Fennigkoh, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Ron Gerrits, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Vincent Canino, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Nancy Schlick, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

2020 Report (2) as well as alumniand employer data.Recommendations from the Engineer of 2020 ReportSeveral recommendations on engineering curriculum as well as skills engineers need to gainduring their undergraduate career were given in the report from the National Academy of Page 14.280.2Engineering. Below are some of these recommendations [2]1. Students and professors should be the primary actors in the learning process.2. Engineering curricula must be better aligned with the challenges and opportunities graduates will face in the workplace3. The teaching, learning, and assessment processes should move a student from one state of knowledge

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics, Academic Integrity

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam Melvin, North Carolina State University; Lisa Bullard, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

or is notcheating. However, we have found that the students tend to be laughing too hard to answer theyes/no question at the end of the segment because these examples are so blatant. Finally, thevideo concludes with our take home message: “Cheating isn’t worth it. You will get caught, itmay taint your future academic career, and, ultimately, you will not learn what you need to knowon the exams, in later courses, and in your careers.”Making the VideoThe progression from the skit to the video was an evolutionary process. Initially, the content wasdesigned to be performed as a live skit in front of the class on the first day of classes. Due to thespace restrictions of the classroom, we could only have two actors (a ‘good’ and a ‘bad’ student

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gymama Slaughter, Virginia State University; Toni Harris, Virginia State University; Kabongo Ngandu, Virginia State University; Keith Williamson, Virginia State University; Kwame Adom, Virginia State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

pursuing careers inengineering. The approach used in this study could be employed in other undergraduateinstitutions, especially Historically Black Colleges and Universities, to increase engineeringstudents’ self-efficacy, academic confidence, and GPAs, and retention rates.IntroductionAccording to the National Science Foundation, there has been a significant decline in the numberof U.S. citizens who are training to become scientists and engineers, whereas the number of jobsrequiring science and engineering STEM training continues to grow1. At Virginia StateUniversity (VSU), the retention rate of full-time freshman students in the Department ofEngineering and Technology (E&T) is approximately 40%, the retention rate of full timefreshman in all

Conference Session

Classroom Engagement

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Leopold, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Daniel Tauritz, Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

opportunities, overall planning for successfulfuture careers, how to find co-ops and internships, and how to plan ahead which courses to takeand when in order to achieve desired objectives such as double majors, minors, etc. Additionaltopics of lesser interest to the majority of the participants were: how to get the most out ofacademic advising, how to deal with stress, technical writing, preparing for and taking tests, andresume writing. Therefore, we prioritized (and rescheduled) the coverage of topics for theremainder of the program based on the student responses.B. Workshop FormatThe first year and a half of our CSEM scholarship program, we held four workshops peracademic year, each workshop scheduled on a Saturday and lasting approximately four

Conference Session

High-School Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mercedes McKay, Stevens Institute of Technology; Debra Brockway, Stevens Institute of Technology; Beth McGrath, Stevens Institute of Technology; Henry Harms, Stevens Insititue of Technology; Eirik Hole, Stevens Institute of Technology; David Janosz, NJTEA

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

engineering design project that addresses relevant, socialchallenges of interest to students worldwide. Collaborating with others around the world todevelop a solution to an engineering problem, students are introduced to systems-thinking, teamwork, effective communication and other 21st century workforce skills. This innovative projectaims to increase the number of students interested in pursuing engineering as a career and toincrease the pool of teachers familiar with engineering design and systems thinking. This paperpresents the findings from the first part of the pilot study; results of the fall 2008 implementationof the module Introduction to the Core Concepts of Systems Engineering.IntroductionThe practice of engineering is increasingly

Conference Session

ASCE Policy 465: Raising the Bar

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jon Nelson, American Society of Civil Engineers; David Hornbeck, Southern Polytechnic State University; James Lambrechts, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Joe Manous, United States Army Corps of Engineers; Robert Stevens, Arcadis U.S., Inc; Leo Titus, ECS, Ltd; Jeffrey Russell

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

(Masters of Strategic Studies), and University of Minnesota (PhD, Environmental Engineering). He is active in several professional engineering organizations to include ASCE, Society of American Military Engineers, National Society of Professional Engineers, National Institute for Engineering Ethics, Order of the Engineer, and the Army Engineer Association.Robert Stevens, Arcadis U.S., Inc ROBERT D. STEVENS, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE is an Executive Vice President with ARCADIS U.S., Inc. in Denver, Colorado. Most of his career was spent in the transportation area with work on environmental assessments, planning, and design of roads, rail, and transit projects. He oversaw the first

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

the specified 16 knowledge domains. In light ofthis, it appears that the BOK is overly constrained. Due to the variety of career paths thatstudents with Bachelor’s degrees in EnvE may pursue, covering all possible topics that onemight need to know in the B.S. degree seems unrealistic. Some students are turned off by themajor due to over constraint that leads to a loss of flexibility in coursework. In addition, themost important topics that should be emphasized may be lost in such a long list of requirements.A better approach could be to develop critical thinking skills in our students and the ability toteach themselves during their professional careers in the context of life long learning.Background

Conference Session

Knowing Our Students, Faculty, and Profession

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brent Jesiek, Purdue University; Maura Borrego, Virginia Tech; Kacey Beddoes, Virginia Tech; Miguel Hurtado, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, Virginia Tech Maura Borrego is an Assistant Professor of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech. Dr. Borrego holds an M.S. and Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from Stanford University. Her current research interests center around interdisciplinary graduate education in engineering. She has an NSF CAREER and Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) award for this work.Kacey Beddoes, Virginia Tech Kacey Beddoes is a Ph.D. student in Science and Technology Studies at Virginia Tech. Her current research interests are interdisciplinary studies of gender and engineering education. She serves as Assistant Editor of the journal Engineering Studies and co

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Renee Rogge, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Kay C Dee, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Glen Livesay, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

CAREER award, and served as a Fellow at the National Effective Teaching Institute. Page 14.476.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Development of an Evaluation for Assessing Student Practices, Independence, and Responsibility in Design CoursesAbstractDesign courses are challenging for both students and educators. Students grapple with the open-ended nature of typical design problems, the sustained team efforts required to complete a largeproject with appropriate documentation, and the need to teach themselves new things in order tocomplete their objectives. Design instructors balance

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Enrique Barbieri, University of Houston; Raresh Pascali, University of Houston; Miguel Ramos, University of Houston; William Fitzgibbon, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

career planning, in clarifying the differences in the academics of E and ET programs, and in helping the students identify their strengths and interests; the sequence gives opportunities to cover topics in innovation, creativity & design, IP, the globalization of knowledge, engineering ethics, and economics all in the context of real case-based scenarios. These are left unspecified to also allow flexibility for individual programs to put emphasis in more manufacturing courses or to introduce a first course in design if so desired. Page 14.136.12 ¬ E & ET III in Term 4 would enable the students to begin a transition

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Enrique Barbieri, University of Houston; Wajiha Shireen, University of Houston; Farrokh Attarzadeh, University of Houston; Miguel Ramos, University of Houston; William Fitzgibbon, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

-bound students can make the transition starting in the 4-th term. Page 14.135.11 ¬ ENGL I and II, and HUM-SS I and II, are typical composition courses and humanities or social science electives, respectively. ¬ Circuits I and II, and Physics I and II are calculus-based. ¬ Computer Programming (CMP PGM) is a course on computer-based engineering problem solving. ¬ The courses E & ET I-IV could be designed to keep the students engaged throughout the curriculum. These would play a significant role in reinforcing the CDIO philosophy, in advising/retention and career planning, in clarifying the differences in the academics

Conference Session

Curriculum in Electrical Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jay Porter, Texas A&M University; Joseph Morgan, Texas A&M University; Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University; George Wright, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

this meeting, industry was asked to help answer the following questions: ≠ What does product/system development mean to your organization? (ie, is it focused on internal or external customers, is it focused on software/hardware or something else, what might the final product/system look like) ≠ What product/system development methodologies are used within your organization? (ie, interfacing with the customer, project management tools, idea generation techniques, system planning tools, documentation requirements) ≠ What does the career path of an individual in product/system development look like? (what would be the progression of promotions, what internal/external training would be required

Conference Session

Early Engineering Design Experiences

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kelly Crittenden, Louisiana Tech University; David Hall, Louisiana Tech University; Mark Barker, Louisiana Tech University; Patricia Brackin, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Page 14.633.8Freshman Design Expo at the end of the quarter. This show is typically held in the student centerand is open to anyone interested in viewing the students’ work. Expos are held during eachquarter, with the largest Expo held during the Spring quarter. Approximately 35 teams showcasetheir designs during the Spring, 15 in the Fall, and 10 in the Winter. Teams of judges review thework and a variety of awards are distributed.Students are not required to turn in a formal report for this project but they are required to keep adesign journal. This assignment is designed to get the students familiar with the concept ofrecording their progress. Later in their college careers, many of these students will have multipleopportunities to work on

Conference Session

Developing Young MINDS in Engineering: Part II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Walden, University of Oklahoma; Randa Shehab, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

know did that whole thing. And when they found out I don’t speak Spanish they’re like, it’s like “I cannot believe you don’t know Spanish” and they just go off. I don’t understand why it’s such like a, I mean, I kind of understand them. I should know it but my dad didn’t teach me. That’s not my fault. I should have learned it but…. I: Do you feel comfortable at the SHPE meetings? P: Not this year, I used to. (senior, female, 2.5 generation, English-speaking)The student quoted above noted to the interviewer that she thought greater faculty oversightcould aid in keeping the cliques under control. Sophomore year - P: I went to Los Angeles five months ago for an engineering career fair and we went

Conference Session

Assessing Design Course Work

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keith Sheppard, Stevens Institute of Technology; Edward Blicharz, Stevens Institute of Technology; Peter Dominick, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. Teams can be distributed geographically, often globally inlarger corporations.As a member of a team you typically do not choose who you will work with and this can makehandling interpersonal and cultural influences key factors in effective teamwork. Being able tosuccessfully deal with these factors is also critical to the ability to lead teams.In just a few years you will be working on teams as a professional and your performance will bejudged. Your success in this will have a direct influence on your career. Your success will oftenbe tied to your team’s success. It is therefore important that you try to hone your teamworkskills while in college.How will I develop my teamwork skills to help me be successful in my career?In previous Design Spine

Conference Session

Modeling Student Data

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gillian Nicholls, University of Pittsburgh; Harvey Wolfe, University of Pittsburgh; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Larry Shuman, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

predict whether or not a student will persist tograduate college with a degree in Science, Technology, Engineering, or Math (STEM). Page 14.966.2Literature ReviewThe identification of factors that show significant differences between STEM and Non-STEMstudents has been the subject of much prior study. Sax1 studied students that achieved abachelor’s degree in a STEM subject to determine the likelihood they would go on to pursue ascientific research career. She explored differences by gender in the students’ persistence in ascientific research career. Persistence in Sax’s research was defined as students who achieved abachelor’s degree in a STEM

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Yeary, University of Oklahoma; Tian-you YU, University of Oklahoma; Robert Palmer, University of Oklahoma; James Sluss, University of Oklahoma; Guifu Zhang, University of Oklahoma; Phil Chilson, University of Oklahoma; Mike Biggerstaff, University of Oklahoma

Programme. In 2000, Dr. Chilson returned to the US to begin work in Boulder, CO, where he was appointed as a Research Scientist with the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES). Since 2005, he has been an Associate Professor in Meteorology at the University of Oklahoma. He is also a member of the Atmospheric Radar Research Center at OU. Throughout his career, Dr. Chilson has been heavily involved in the development and use of radar and radar technologies for the investigation and study of the Earth's atmosphere.Mike Biggerstaff, University of Oklahoma Dr. Michael Biggerstaff is the lead scientist behind the Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics, Academic Integrity

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Isaac Wait, Marshall University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

classified as cheating and do not havea harmful effect on their education.IntroductionThe number of American-style universities outside of North America is increasing, spurred bythe twin perceptions that (1) American education is a pathway to career success, and (2) in thepost-9/11 world, gaining admittance to America is increasingly difficult. As branch campuses ofestablished American universities open abroad, and as new international institutions obtainaccreditation from US-based agencies, it is important to examine how to provide an “American”education when an institution is surrounded by a foreign culture, populated by non-Americanstudents, and largely staffed by educators with limited academic experience in the United States.Academic honesty

Conference Session

Pedagogy and Assessment III

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jay Wierer, MSOE; Steven Reyer, MSOE

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

surprising item here. In the years before DSP was arequired course, large numbers of students took both the first and second DSP electives, andmany pursued careers in the signal processing area. In the years since the change, it has beenobserved that some students lose their interest after the first DSP course and “slack” their waythrough the signals and systems and communications systems courses. This is not a completesurprise, as the former students elected to take DSP, whereas now all electrical engineering andcomputer engineering students must do so.In spite of the unusual grade change explained below, many students have anecdotally expressedapproval of the new approach with its somewhat simpler and more practical introduction tosignals and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hong Man, Stevens Institute of Technology

for them to develop successful careers in bioengineeringand healthcare industriesSystem ArchitectureThe SimuRad software simulation environment will be structured in three layers, as shown inFigure 1. Figure 1. SimuRad system architectureThe first layer is “physics of radiology”, which will be the most ambitious part of this project. Atthis layer, the physical processes of radiation, tissue reaction, signal generation and acquisitionwill be simulated based on underlying mathematical formulas. Computational or numericalmodels will be also built to synthesize human anatomy under various modalities.The second layer is “projection and tomographic imaging”, in which the raw data collected fromthe first layer will be

Conference Session

Sustainability and Environmental Issues

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine Skokan, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

for careers in the energy industry and/orbuild expertise in managing and developing energy and mineral resources that would beavailable to their respective tribes. The developed curriculum is to be presented to faculty atTribal Colleges, Colorado School of Mines faculty will be available to team-teach some portionsof the curriculum, and Colorado School of Mines faculty will serve as a source of technicalexpertise for the Tribal Colleges. The Navajo Technical College in Crownpoint, New Mexico,and the United Tribes Technical College in Bismarck, North Dakota, were chosen by IEED asthe prototype testing locations.United Tribes Technical CollegeLocated in Bismarck, North Dakota, United Tribes Technical College4 serves to provide a two-year

Conference Session

Structural Education Methods

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cole McDaniel, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Graham Archer, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

perform soon afterthey embark on a career in engineering. Recent articles and surveys of practicing engineers havehighlighted disappointment with the confidence young engineers have in computer analysisresults. “With the increased use of the computer, we seem to have gotten lazy about asking thenext question. If the printout says something is so, it must be so” 3. This lack of skepticism withcomputer analysis results spans engineering disciplines from bioengineering to aerospaceengineering. Despite the call by both engineers and academia for improved education in the areaof modeling structural system behavior, significant progress has not been made. Why has theprogress been so slow? Accurately modeling the behavior of engineered systems with

Conference Session

Instructional Strategies in AEC Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brent Nuttall, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; James Mwangi, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Craig Baltimore, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

resisting framingsystem. Due to cost and time restrictions imposed on real life engineering projects, thefirm was unable to fullyexplore this topic totheir satisfaction. As aresult, the studentbrought this topic andindustry partner to hismaster’s project. Thestudent greatly benefited from the active participation of his industry partner. Theindustry partner benefited by being able to explore a topic directly relevant to theirengineering projects beyond what the firm could financially support.Alumni – The ARCE program at Cal Poly recently celebrated it’s 60th anniversary.Many alumni remember fondly the Learn by Doing education that propelled them tosuccess in their professional careers and have a strong desire to give back to the program.While there

Conference Session

E-Learning in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christi Patton Luks, University of Tulsa

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

introduce students to the career while ensuringthat they have the necessary background skills (unit conversions, graphing, etc.). ChE 1013 is athree-hour course taught in the spring semester. The students learn to program with Excel andVBA and use these skills in a design project and competition. The design project varies fromyear to year but always involves students designing and running their own experiments to controla chemical reaction for a defined purpose. This is potentially chaotic, but small class sizesenable the professor to manage this in a safe and beneficial manner. In 2008, the enrollment inChE 1013 exceeded the available space in the largest computer classroom and the instructor’sability to safely manage the design project and