Conference Session

Implementation of Experiments in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nebojsa Jaksic, Colorado State University, Pueblo; Dawn Spencer, Colorado State University, Pueblo

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

traditional manufacturing processes through the book-making processes. Thisexercise increases an appreciation for manufacturing topics, and helps students understand thecomplex nature of many production processes.IntroductionWhile it is relatively easy to deliver a broad conceptual picture of the manufacturing processes inlectures, accomplishing this is somewhat more challenging in a laboratory environment. Inprevious years, a semester-long project incorporated a number of traditional manufacturingprocesses to produce a working device like a wind vane, a scale, or a desk lamp. However, ittook a whole semester to build such a device; therefore, a “large picture” was not provided to thestudents at the beginning of the semester. Some of the engineering

Conference Session

Active Engagement: From the New Engineering Librarian's Perspective

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Jane Dooley, Dalhousie University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

program.Strive to foster two-way communication.”7 She has successfully improved faculty-libraryrelationships, and increased her number of teaching and research assistance opportunities.Collaborative projects are now initiated by her teaching faculty because they know what toexpect from her. These opportunities have enhanced her career portfolio and were no doubt afactor in her successful reappointment and promotion to Librarian II in the summer of 2007. Theongoing development of her liaison work will strongly support her application for appointmentwithout term, and promotion to Librarian III in the fall of 2009.The author learned most of what she knows about networking and collaboration since she beganworking professionally. Overcoming challenges, and

Conference Session

Getting Started: Objectives, Rubrics, Evaluations, and Assessment

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathy Schmidt, University of Texas, Austin; Mia Markey, University of Texas, Austin; Wonsoon Park, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

Biomedical Engineering. The mission of her Biomedical Informatics Lab is to design cost-effective, computer-based decision aids. The BMIL develops decision support systems for clinical decision making and scientific discovery using artificial intelligence and signal processing technologies. The BMIL's research portfolio also includes projects in biometrics. Dr. Markey’s primary interests in improving engineering education are the identification of effective strategies for coordinating instructional technologies to reinforce learning and the recruitment and retention of a diverse student body.Wonsoon Park, University of Texas, Austin WONSOON PARK is a doctoral student in the College of Education at the

Conference Session

Issues and Opportunities in IE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marlin Thomas, Air Force Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

courses and they can be derived through multiple routes incurricula. There are varying opinions among engineering educators on the methods foraccomplishing the three elements of learning in the above definition. Issues range from theamount of repetition of topics through course overlaps, review of materials from course tocourse, inclusion of projects, and case studies. The objective is to establish an efficient andeffective routing for students to accomplish and build on the elements of learning throughconcept integration. Course prerequisites are very important in establishing the routes. 4.1. Example of a Learning PlatformThe Poisson process is an example of a learning platform for industrial engineering. It is thefundamental stochastic

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics: Using Case Studies

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marilyn Dyrud, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

Boston case is a discussion of contemporary building codes andwhy such large storage containers were not considered to be structures and hence did not requireengineering expertise for design and maintenance.Likewise, in the IMO case, the NSPE code is not applicable, although Mexican engineers cancross-register professional status in the state of Texas and the code is thus applicable acrossinternational boundaries. The actual problem with the storage tank was not engineering-orientedbut rather a bad management decision to hold more molasses than the tank was designed to store.The engineering problem was an environmental one, so an examination of sustainability issues isappropriate.Finally, in courses that require a term project or other major

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Design Constituents

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Farison, Baylor University; Zhuocheng Yang, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

developed to administer this new responsibility, 2) the experiences of the first three years of program evaluator visits, 3) the institutions with ABET EAC-accredited multidisciplinary engineering programs, 4) the number and names of the multidisciplinary engineering program(s) at each institution, 5) the ABET EAC accreditation history of these programs, 6) a look ahead at the projected future evaluator workload, and 7) other issues related to this new accreditation role and to recent changes in the process.IntroductionOne of the significant distinctions of a substantial number of baccalaureate engineering programsis that they intentionally do not align naturally with a currently so-called “traditional discipline”(such as

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Physics or Engineering Physics

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian Belu, Drexel University; Alexandru Belu, Case Western Reserve University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

, mathematics and computing are shown inFigure 1.Figure 1 The definition of computational science and engineering.Each module has three main components: lecture(s), which are part of physics or engineering courses;CAS solved related-examples; work groups and home-works. In the lecture(s), the theory is presentedand examples of typical and/or real life problems are worked out using the facilities of the CAS. Duringthe work groups, typically during the tutoring session, small groups or individual students are assigned aset of problems to solve. Students are expected to solve additional problems and to study the course text.The project total workload for a term course is about 80 hours for the average student. The main aim ofthe courses and the CAS-based

Conference Session

Best Zone Paper Competition

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristi Shryock, Texas A&M University; Helen Reed, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Council of Sections

department can provide objective,direct feedback. Disadvantages to this process include the extensive time involved and theintimidation factor that outside individuals can often have on students.Embedded IndicatorsDirect assessment of student performance in a course directly tied to a specific program outcomeis referred to as an embedded indicator. This type of information reflects a direct assessmentmethod and can provide quite useful information. To be clear, embedded indicators do not referto course grades, and we will discuss those separately. Embedded indicators relate to studentperformance on a particular activity, such as an exam question, project, or report, and correlate toa particular outcome. Courses that are more relevant to a particular

Conference Session

Develop Course / Materials / Topics for a Global Engineering Education / International Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashley Ater Kranov, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

International

are robust enough to promote rather than hinder communication, collaboration andinnovation.In the Sciences and Engineering, research projects are usually funded by external fundingagencies, such as the National Science Foundation, other governmental or military agencies, aswell as by private corporations.24, 25 Because faculty rely on continued funding for research, theyhave vested interests in not only optimizing the performance of their graduate research assistants,but also in communicating the concrete outcomes of the research conducted. Clearly, facultywho work closely with ESL research assistants as supervisors would like their students/employees to perform as productively as possible for the duration of their courses of study.Yet, many

Conference Session

Tree-huggers, Diggers, and Queers--Oh my!

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erin Cech, University of California, San Diego; Tom Waidzunas, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

Page 14.1384.2definitions of LGBT categories and issues facing LGBT persons in engineering workplaces, and 1makes recommendations for creating LGBT-friendly workplace cultures.3, 4 Nevertheless, thistopic has yet to be systematically examined in either professional engineering settings orengineering education. We break new ground with a study of LGB students enrolled in a majorUS engineering college we call “Gold University.”This project draws on intensive interviews and focus group meetings with seventeen engineeringstudents from a variety of engineering sub-disciplines and educational levels. Our researchquestions investigate (1) the climate

Conference Session

Learning as a Community

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Ricks, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale; Rhonda Kowalchuk, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale; John Nicklow, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale; Loen Graceson-Martin, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale; Lalit Gupta, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale; James Mathias, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale; Jale Tezcan, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale; Kathy Pericak-Spector, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Residential College InitiativeAbstractWith support from the National Science Foundation, the College of Engineering (COE) atSouthern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC) has implemented an Engineering ResidentialCollege (ERC), which consists of a series of academic and non-academic programs targetingfirst- and second-year retention rates. The academic programs include engineering studentdesignated (ESD) sections of core curriculum courses and revisions to the math curriculum. Thenon-academic programs include requiring first- and second-year engineering students to live inEngineering Student Designated (ESD) residence halls and providing Peer Mentor and PeerTutor Programs. The project focuses on freshman and sophomore students because the

Conference Session

Engineering in the Middle Grades

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Schnittka, University of Virginia; Randy Bell, University of Virginia; Larry Richards, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

14.531.16Figure 7. Estimated marginal means for all three classes: Pretest and posttest scores on ATESFigure 8 also illustrates how students in each class performed on the Attitudes towardEngineering Survey both pre- and posttest.Figure 8. Pre- and posttest scores on Attitude toward Engineering Survey.The very small difference in attitudes toward engineering could have occurred in the Controlclass for a number of factors. Students in other classes could have told them about their class Page 14.531.17activities. Students could have picked up some engineering from a final project called ExcellentEnergy, where students studied insulation used for homes and

Conference Session

LABVIEW-Based Experiments and Robotics Laboratory

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olawale Akinwale, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Lawrence Kehinde, Texas Southern University; Kayode P. Ayodele, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; A. M. Jubril, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Olutola. P. Jonah, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Soji Ilori, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Xuemin Chen, Texas Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

haptic feedback to the user 17 and minimizing simulations which could give studentsthe feel of being in a virtual laboratory instead of an online laboratory.References 1. Trevelyan, J. (2004). "Lessons Learned from 10 Years Experience with Remote Laboratories”. International Conference on Engineering Education and Research “Progress Through Partnership”, Ostrava, ISSN 1562-3580 2. Harjono (2001). Telelabs Project: Online Temperature Control Laboratory. Mechatronics Engineering Honors Thesis. University of Western Australia. 3. Casini M., Prattichizzo D. and Vicino A. (2001). The Automatic Control Telelab: A Remote Control Engineering Laboratory. Proceedings of the 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

Conference Session

Exemplary Teacher and Counselor Professional Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Macon Beck, Purdue University; Heidi Diefes-Dux, Purdue Universtiy; Teri Reed-Rhoads, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

the 2005 science test scores showed no improvement since 2000 when82% of twelfth graders performed below the proficient level6,7. Science, technology,engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are expected to increase in the number of neededpositions during the 2000-2010 period, while graduates with engineering degrees over this sametime period are expected to remain stable2. The number of students graduating with anengineering degree is not the only concern, but the diversity of these graduates is also a concern.There is a documented lack of diversity and shortage of students entering the STEMfields8,9,10,11.The projected workforce needs necessitate a substantial increase in the number of well-preparedstudents, particularly female and under

Conference Session

Programs That Serve Industry and Academia

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Wittenborn, Boeing Company; Michael Richey, Boeing Company; John Paredes, Boeing Company; Daniel Schrage, Georgia Institute of Technology; Dale Atkins, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

responsible for leading cross-organizational teams e.g., academic, government and industry, and approving products for technical feasibility and business project consistency. This includes learning science research, including the application of immersive and cognitive learning theories into academic and industrial settings. Michael holds a Masters degree in International Business from the Ecole Superieure De Commerce De Lille and is currently pursuing a PhD in Organizations and Innovation: Understanding internal and external dynamics of networks at stake using a Complex Adaptive Systems perspective. Michael often represents Boeing internationally and domestically as a speaker

Conference Session

Mathematics: Recruitment and Retention

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Doug Bullock, Boise State University; Janet Callahan, Boise State University; Yuguang Ban, Boise State University; Alison Ahlgren, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Cheryl Schrader, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

is a slight positive trend,indicated with a dashed trendline. The effect of ALEKS in fall 2008 is a barely perceptiblebump above the projected trend. This fails to control for any factors except the historical trend.In particular, it does not attempt to control for influence of individual instructors. Figure 5: Pass Rates 70 65 60 Precalculus Percent Calculus 55 Calc w/ALEKS

Conference Session

Our Future in Manufacturing: STEM Outreach

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Winston Erevelles, Robert Morris University; Jennifer Parsons, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

gave them the background to create their own animatronic model. The Animatronics campcurriculum covered the following topics: Introduction to Robotics and Animatronics,Engineering and Product Design and Development, Project Management and Teamwork Basics,Concept Development and Artistic Design, Modeling/Prototyping, Mechanism Design andAssembly, Electricity and Electronics Basics, Costuming and Integration, and Animatronics inEntertainment or Daily Life.The interaction with the “real world” through company tours was a significant feature of thecamps. The Animatronics camp toured The Creegan Company’s “Animation Factory” inSteubenville, Ohio. Creegan’s motto is “We make things move” and this family owned andoperated company is the nation’s

Conference Session

Exploring Retention

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeong Hwan Choi, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Jacob Marszalek, University of Missouri, Kansas City; Joyce Lee, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Susan Linnemeyer, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

enroll due to scheduling conflicts.The SAGE program includes: • Mentors who meet with the enrollees weekly, • Seminars on academic success skills and engineering careers, • Required study sessions, • Participation in Engineering Expo or Engineering Career Fair, • Exploration of resources on campus, • Weekly journals, • In-depth group project, • Required student sessions, and • Meeting with professors.B. Engineering Education Model for 1st Year Student RetentionThe problem, decreasing number of engineers, has attracted great attention from manyengineering professionals and engineering educators 1, 6, 8, 16. The reduction in the engineeringworkforce is expected to reduce

Conference Session

International Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rodolfo Yzasmendi Arellano, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Enrique Palou, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Lourdes Gazca, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Aurelio López-Malo, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla

Tagged Divisions

International

informationtechnology requirements. Furthermore, UDLAP’s Quality Enhancement Plan: EnhancingCritical Thinking Skills in Our Undergraduate Students is an integral part of our generaleducation curriculum, as well as the community service project required for every UDLAPgraduate35.UDLAP has established a general education curriculum for undergraduate students regardless oftheir major to assist them in acquiring the traits valued by UDLAP. The general educationrequirements (31.5 credits) for the undergraduate programs are published in The InstitutionalCatalog and include since fall 2006 the following:≠ Spanish: two consecutive courses (3 credits each) regarding writing and oral communication in Spanish (Thought and Language and Writing in the Professions

Conference Session

Emerging Issues in Materials Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tershia Pinder-Grover, University of Michigan; Joanna Mirecki Millunchick, University of Michigan; Crisca Bierwert, University of Michigan; Lindsay Shuller, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Materials

Page 14.847.5in general, and whether the resource was helpful. For Fall 2007 and Fall 2008, 144 and 211students, respectively, were directed to an online survey developed in SurveyMonkey via e-mail.Prior to this research project, 10 students from Fall 2007 and 8 students from Fall 2008 hadpreviously indicated that they did not want to receive surveys from SurveyMonkey. Because ofthis limitation, we were unable to send an email to all students enrolled in the class to direct themto the survey for this research. The response rates for the surveys were 53% (76 out of 144) and68% (143 out of 211) for Fall 2007 and Fall 2008, respectively. The quantitative analysis of ourdata was the primary objective. We report descriptive statistics and provide

Conference Session

Developing Young MINDS in Engineering: Part II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Walden, University of Oklahoma; Randa Shehab, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

havecontributed to this project: co-PIs for the grant – Cindy Foor, Jeanette Davidson, DeborahTrytten, Teri J. Murphy, and Teri Reed-Rhoads; current and former senior personnel - RosaCintron, Paul Rocha, Francey Freeman, Lisa Schmidt, Kimberly Rutland, Tony Lee, MayraOlivares, and Claudia Morales; current and former graduate and undergraduate students - TiffanyDavis-Blackwood, Tracie Revis, Jeff Trevillion, Van Ha, Quintin Hughes, Bach Do, Yi Zhao,Ben Lopez, Johanna Rojas, Lauren Rieken, Anna Wong Lowe, Brittany Shanel Norwood,Sedelta Oosahwee, Tyler Combrink, Ruth Moaning, William Stephen Anderson, Ginger Murray,Andres Guerrero, Monica Flippin-Wynn, Mario Franklin, Joshua Rogers, Wen-Yu Chao, and

Conference Session

Topics in Engineering Ethics IV

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Leiffer, LeTourneau University; R. William Graff; B.Kyun Lee, Le Tourneau University; Martin Batts, Le Tourneau University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

morally deep ethics must substitute “the benefit of the environment”or “the benefit of the integrated community” for “the benefit of mankind.” Many engineers faceissues of public safety, honest reporting, and conflict of interest. Relatively few will be requiredto consider the broadest aspects of the environment.Catalano provides an example of identifying the integral community in an engineering decision.The scenario involves a project in the area around White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico:“Johnson would challenge us to first identify all the members of the community. For thisexample a listing would include the following: • Wolves • Prey animals including domestic sheep and cattle as well as deer, rabbits, coyotes,and others • Desert lands

Conference Session

Potpourri

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine Pieronek, University of Notre Dame

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

particular strengths at institutionsthat allowed students to change advisers at the students’ request.17,18,19,20,21In the area of research participation and classroom experiences, NASA examined whetherstudents were treated differently or otherwise limited in program participation on the basis ofgender, and assessed the overall learning environment. The agency praised practices that allowedstudents to select their own project teams, along with practices that paid attention to whetherwomen were isolated on teams or respected in leadership roles. Reviewers heard concerns about Page 14.629.9classroom examples or research equipment more geared toward

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education: Cases and Models

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anuradha Basu, San Jose State University; Minnie Patel, San Jose State University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

problem that needs resolution and action. It puts the students in the manager’s shoes,which increases their involvement in the case1.It is common practice to understand the need of the customers before starting a project. Theliterature on writing a teaching case recommends thinking about or understanding the needs ofthe customer – the student – in terms of what theories will be conveyed or taught through thecase, how it will fit into the course, and how the instructor will use it for teaching purposes. Anextensive amount of effort is spent on identifying a case that will meet the requirements of theinstructor. Once the case is identified, the instructor needs to see if the case is sufficientlyinteresting and rich in terms of the contextual

Conference Session

Programmatic Issues in Physics or Engineering Physics

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teresa Larkin, American University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

, students are able to perform a number of interactive, hands-on,investigative activities. While this approach has been ongoing at American University for thepast decade, many other universities are now seeing the benefits of an integrated, active-learningformat for introductory physics instruction [25]. Numerous interactive projects have been developed for the PNM course. For example,students explore the topics of electricity & magnetism by constructing electric circuits andbuilding their own individual battery-operated motors. Students also dissect an incandescentbulb and learn how a 3-way bulb is configured. Figure 1 shows a typical scene during the

Conference Session

Contemporary Issues in CHE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Krantz, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

to leave industry and pursue an academiccareer. He is now a very successful professor at a major university and very active in ASEE! Page 14.1041.13However, finding a replacement is unnecessary if one is involved in collaborative researchprojects. For the past 25 years, the author has always worked collaboratively with other facultyon his research projects. Hence, when he elected to take a SAL, there was always someone to fillin for him. The Information Age has also made keeping up with one’s research program mucheasier. The author kept in regular contact with his graduate students and faculty colleagues viautilities such as Skype® and Yahoo

Conference Session

Modeling Student Data

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gillian Nicholls, University of Pittsburgh; Harvey Wolfe, University of Pittsburgh; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Larry Shuman, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Page 14.966.1516 National Center for Education Statistics, National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, Project Officers: Peggy Quinn and Jeffrey T. Owings (Washington, DC), http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/nels88/index.asp.17 Allison, Paul D., Survival Analysis Using SAS: A Practical Guide, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 1995, pages 61- 109. Page 14.966.16

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

following examples: • Why can’t review solutions be posted on line? (They are.) I would only take a picture with a digital camera then print it anyway. • Page 14.825.10 Is there a reason that the quizzes are worth more than the tests or the capstone project? • How can I see the readings as more of a simple task than an obstacle? The text is very dry, so I seem to become impatient with it…. • Is there going to be an opportunity to earn extra points? • How can I use this information to help me with my major/I think that you already answered that question. • What will the final be? (How long, format

Conference Session

Sustainability in Engineering Courses

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Morton, University of Wyoming; M.P. Sharma, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

AC 2009-2452: THERMODYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS IN DETERMININGWORLD CARRYING CAPACITYScott Morton, University of Wyoming Scott Morton received his Bachelor and Master degrees in Agricultural Engineering from the University of Wyoming in 1972 and 1978 respectively. He worked as an engineering consultant, a self-employed business owner, and a plant engineer before joining the University of Wyoming Mechanical Engineering faculty as a Research Scientist in 1999. He holds four patents and has two pending. Current research activities are in the areas of wind and solar renewable energy and computer aided laboratory instruction. Some of his many projects include radial flow and augmented flow

Conference Session

Curriculum in Mechanical and Power Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alex Fang, Texas A&M University; Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Base Metal (Steel) Penetration Nozzle (Alloy 600) Figure 8. Reference Standard Used for the Calibration of Phased Array Flaw DetectorThe inspection of dissimilar metal welds involving austenitic (stainless steel) or nickel-basedmetals has long presented big challenges for ultrasonic NDT due to the large, attenuating, andskewing grains. The phased array technology is the only proven ultrasonic technology for thistype of inspection11. The South Texas Project (STP) nuclear power plant developed theinspection procedure with a Harfang X-32 phased array flaw detector and was approved by theNuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in 200312 about a year after the David-Besse incidence.One of the key components for the development of this