Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 2 - Beliefs, Motivation, and Pedagogy

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel Sharpe, University of Colorado Boulder; Heidi G. Loshbaugh, University of Colorado Boulder; Kai Amey, University of Colorado Boulder; Karen C Crouch, University of Colorado Boulder; Janet Yowell, University of Colorado Boulder; Nick Stites, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

leveraging technology to enhance learning experiences and broaden access to engineering education. He has experience as a practicing engineer and has taught at the university and community-college levels. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Work-in Progress: Aligning an Engineering Hands-On Learning Program to College Strategy: Reducing Implementation Barriers to Support Faculty, Students, and Their SuccessAbstractThis Work in Progress addresses two of ELOS’ requested foci: pedagogy and best practices oflaboratory courses and hands-on laboratory instruction. We describe a redesign plan in theIntegrated Teaching and Learning Program (ITLP) at University of Colorado Boulder

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 6: Bring Your Own Experiment!

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Weeks, University of Maine; Raymond Kennard, University of Maine

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

students. Measuring the diffusion process accurately enough to calculatediffusivities often requires cost-prohibitive instrumentation for many teaching lab applications.Other methods require complicated preparation and planning, which obliges the students tospend most of their time troubleshooting the setup rather than on the primary student learningoutcome.This “Bring Your Own Experiment” (BYOE) paper presents a simple, low-cost experimentdeveloped to overcome these challenges and help students understand diffusion throughexperimental design, visualization of diffusion profiles, and mathematical modeling. Theexperimental setup consists of a 3-D printed spectrometer, Raspberry Pi Zero W, Raspberry Picamera, and custom in-house written time-lapse

Conference Session

Joint Session: Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division and Chemical Division

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Osama Desouky, Texas A&M University at Qatar; Marwa AbdelGawad, Texas A&M University at Qatar

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

andimagination [2], [3].Studies of workforce requirements reveal the emphasis on foundational skills needed in theworkplace for graduates to thrive [4]. These skills were identified as critical thinking, planning,ways of working, communication, mental flexibility, mobilizing systems, developingrelationships, teamwork effectiveness, self-awareness and self-management, entrepreneurship,goals achievement, digital fluency, software use, and digital systems. Aligning with theAccreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) outcomes in engineering withmarket changes presents a need for more critical thinking and mental flexibility in teachingmethods. Moving from well-defined experiments to more open-ended experiments that encouragethe students to

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 6: Bring Your Own Experiment!

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Iftekhar Ibne Basith, Sam Houston State University; Suleiman M Obeidat, Texas A&M University; Ulan Dakeev, Sam Houston State University; Syed Hasib Akhter Faruqui, Sam Houston State University; Joe Nervis Jr, Sam Houston State University

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

$552.17Project DemonstrationDemonstration of SeaKatz in action can be found using the following links: 1. https://youtube.com/shorts/yQRJE2krgq8 2. https://youtube.com/shorts/igAgCbwWzug 3. https://youtube.com/shorts/19D2WWNIhuE 4. https://youtube.com/shorts/V9Hfm9GV-V8V.R. Simulation EnvironmentThe V.R. application was created to provide a safe and immersive learning environment forstudents, researchers, and professionals to practice controlling the robot and completingunderwater tasks. The application can be used in various settings, including classrooms, traininglaboratories, and research facilities. If accepted, the authors plan to show the V.R. Demonstrationonsite. Figure 1 below shows a screenshot from the V.R. environment. Figure

Conference Session

Joint Session: Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division and Civil Engineering Division

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M A Karim, Kennesaw State University; Youngguk Seo, Kennesaw State University; Parth Bhavsar, Kennesaw State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL), Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

kind of major-related transferable skills did you learn during the independent study/undergraduate research? Please list them below: Q.11. Please explain how independent study/undergraduate research experience influences your academic and career plans. Also, you can make suggestions that could improve participant experience in the future course offerings. Figure 1: Survey questionnaire for the studyThe data collected through the surveys were analyzed to understand the students’ perceptionsand attitudes about the independent study. The Qualtrics survey was sent to about 22 studentswho took the independent study with the authors in the last few years, only 12 that is 55%responded. The

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 2 - Beliefs, Motivation, and Pedagogy

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Robinson, Saint Vincent College; Brian E. Faulkner, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

and perform an experiment to measure the acceleration. Meets Expectations Developing Performance Indicators 2 1 Develops experimentation Experimental plan includes ways to Creates a reasonable Creates effective experimental plan verify measurements experimental plan Analyzes data Calculations are correct or contain Calculations contain significant Performs necessary calculations only minor errors errors Data presentation and explanations Data presentation

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 4 - Design, Participation, and Projects

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammad Heshmati, Mississippi State University; Bill B. Elmore, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

of the Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, holding the Deavenport Chair in Chemical Engineering. Interests include biotechnology for renewable energy and innovation in engineering education ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 1 Project-based Learning in a Mul disciplinary Two-Semester First Year Experience 2 3 ABSTRACT 4 Problem-based learning not only provides a pla orm for students to learn by performing hands-on 5 projects, but also, with proper planning, it helps with development of their collabora on, 6 communica on, safety considera ons, and cri cal thinking skills. On the contrary, it involves its own set 7 of drawbacks, including the considerable me, energy, and

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 5 - Remote, Virtual, and Digital Realities

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fernando Merida, University of Florida; Sindia M. Rivera-Jiménez, University of Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

Figure 1, blended learning environments arecharacterized by a thoughtful combination of in-person andonline learning activities, allowing for a seamless integrationof technology into the learning process. This intentionaldesign includes the development of learning materials,instructional strategies, and assessments that align with boththe face-to-face and online components. In contrast,emergency remote teaching, as experienced during theCOVID-19 pandemic, differs from carefully planned blendedlearning environments because it often involves a reactiveresponse to unforeseen circumstances, leading to a temporaryreliance on online tools and platforms without thecomprehensive planning and instructional design associated Figure 1

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 3 - Diversity

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Orlando D. Hulse, San Francisco State University; Kunal Avdesh Verma, San Francisco State University; Kevin Diaz Chim, San Francisco State University; Hyeon Soo Jung, San Francisco State University; David Quintero, San Francisco State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

at 50, 75, and 100%, where theinterrupt routine method produce latency over time in operating the motor. This experimentprovided a consideration for how a student should measure motor position if they plan to operatefor a long duration of time.MAEP Lesson PlanThe MAEP facilitates a hands-on learning experience in an introductory mechatronics labcourse. Through a series of labs designed for each motor type, students gain familiarity with themotors' functionalities and applications, empowering them to select the most suitable motor for amechatronics system. A first lab focuses on the BDC motor, where students compare differentdrive modes to operate a motor. Next, they explore operating a RC servo motor with feedback.Finally, a lab operating a

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 4 - Design, Participation, and Projects

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eliot Bethke, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Ali Ansari, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Joe Bradley, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Jennifer R. Amos, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Holly M. Golecki, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

dynamicswhich are increasingly representative of practical experience in industry [12,25].Undergraduate Roles Undergraduate students’ roles in the capstone course are designed to be reflective of anentry level R&D engineer in industry. Students are expected to contribute to ideation and designearly on by reading literature, searching for existing solutions, and communicating their findingsto the rest of the team. The M.Eng. students and sponsors provide guidance, direction, and givefeedback and input to the undergraduate students to assist in refining the plans for how theproject will be carried out. The undergraduates take the lead in executing prototyping and testingproject designs. The course dictates that every 2 weeks, the

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 5 - Remote, Virtual, and Digital Realities

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Hicks, Texas A&M University, Kingsville ; Lifford McLauchlan, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Mehrube Mehrubeoglu, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi; Hemanth Kumar Reddy Bhimavarapu

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

supplemental material to describe any new IoT components an exerciseintroduces to students as they progress through the series of exercises. It will also provideinformation on any necessary connections students should make along with configurationinformation for components and details on how they can be accessed through software.The planned initial deployment environment for the advanced IoT toolkits are the capstonesenior design projects conducted within engineering and computer science related departments atthe two universities where this project is being conducted. Student projects in these coursesfrequently incorporate some degree of IoT technology. Teams working on such projects will beoffered the use of an advanced IoT learning toolkit for

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 5 - Remote, Virtual, and Digital Realities

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Michael Ulan Genialovich Dakeev, Sam Houston State University; Iftekhar Ibne Basith, Sam Houston State University; Suleiman M Obeidat, Texas A&M University; Reg Recayi Pecen, Sam Houston State University; Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Alyona Maliassova, Sam Houston State University; Paige Horton, Sam Houston State University

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

understanding the efficiency and performance of the pick-up process.Further data collection is planned to compare these findings with two more gloves for pick uptime and drop-off time statistics, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of haptic gloveperformance in VR applications. We are planning to complete collection of data for bHaptics andManus Prime gloves so we can report their comparative results to SenseGlove at ASEEconference in Portland, OR in 2024. These outcomes may benefit engineering students who areinvolved in hands-on laboratory simulations via virtual reality.The involvement of student developers, predominantly undergraduate students engaged in thedevelopment of the VR environment and research on haptic gloves, presents a

Conference Session

Joint Session: Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division and Chemical Division

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gautom K Das, University of Maryland, Baltimore County

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

outcomes.Results indicated positive attitudes and their enthusiastic time investment. The at-home projectsenhanced learning, fostered critical thinking, and aligned with evolving engineering educationpriorities. In future iterations, we plan to allocate more time and extend project timelines forgreater learning experience.Keywords: Unit operations laboratory, at-home experiments, critical thinking, bridging corecourse silos.1. INTRODUCTIONIn the 2022 report, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicinerecommended an increased emphasis on experimental learning to facilitate effective connectionsamong core courses, often referred to as 'the silos' [1]. ABET also mandates that students acquirethe skills to design and conduct experiments

Conference Session

Joint Session: Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division and Civil Engineering Division

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yingxiao Song, Muskingum University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL), Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

produce solutions thatmeet specified needs with consideration of public health, safety, and welfare, as well as global,cultural, social, environmental, and economic factors.ABET Student Outcome #3: An ability to communicate effectively with a range of audiences.ABET Student Outcome #5: An ability to function effectively on a team whose memberstogether provide leadership, create a collaborative and inclusive environment, establish goals,plan tasks, and meet objectives.ABET Student Outcome #6: An ability to develop and conduct appropriate experimentation,analyze and interpret data, and use engineering judgment to draw conclusions.ABET Student Outcome #7: An ability to acquire and apply new knowledge as needed, usingappropriate learning

Conference Session

Joint Session: Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division and Chemical Division

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Caroline Cvetkovic, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Keilin Jahnke, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Sarah Elizabeth Lindley, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Bethan Owen, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

about what is being pitched through various methods includingdescribing a pain point, telling a story, justifying the scope of the problem or need, anddiscussing the urgency of implementation and plan in which to address the need. In addition to alecture that engaged students through active listening and participation (e.g., raising hands toagree with certain statements, answering brief questions, etc.), students also completed anactivity in which they practiced writing a value statement that could be used within an effectivepitch. Finally, after learning a few tips to communicate their pitch both verbally and visually,students were given time to begin formulating their own pitch for the assignment with theirproject team.In the BIOE 306

Conference Session

Innovative Laboratory Approaches in ECE Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wei-Jer (Peter) Han, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division (ECE), Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

only be served as an interimpurpose. The advantage however is that it possesses most functions of a processor so it can get studentsstarted much quicker. After students become acquainted with the idea of a processor design, we canadvance the design into a commercially available computer that is learned from phase two andcontinued with the benefit of available tools and the familiarity to students. 4. Summary of ImplementationThe first phase of the trilogy should be very similar to a traditional digital electronics course.Many textbooks are available to carry out the plan stated in the Background section. For combinationalcircuit, the traditional functions of four MSI circuits should be addressed, namely decoders, encoders,multiplexers and

Conference Session

Joint Session: Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division and Civil Engineering Division

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Simon Thomas Ghanat P.E., The Citadel; Ronald W. Welch P.E., The Citadel; William J. Davis P.E., The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL), Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

United States Military Academy in 1982. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Civil Engineering from the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana in 1990 and 1999, respectively. He taught at The United States Military Academy during his 25 year military career. After retiring form the military he has taught at the University of Texas at Tyler and The Citadel, where he was the Dean of Engineering for 10 years.Dr. William J. Davis P.E., The Citadel William J. Davis is Dept. Head & D. Graham Copeland Professor of Civil Engineering and Director of Construction Engineering at The Citadel in Charleston, SC. His academic experience includes: transportation infrastructure planning and design, infrastruct

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 3 - Diversity

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nebojsa I. Jaksic, Colorado State University, Pueblo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

project so far, and the plan for the next week. Reportsare sent to all faculty mentors at least 1 hour before the meeting. At the meeting, one representativeof each project gives a short verbal report addressing problems, breakthroughs, and the state of theproject. The faculty found this format to be successful because students get to know all the programfaculty since they are all engaged with all program projects. In addition, the same format is adheredto in the Senior Design Project course. Furthermore, all student participants are required to presentposters and PowerPoint presentations at university-wide STEM research symposia that areorganized every semester.Project History The eVTOL UAV project theme started in 2014 when a student

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 4 - Design, Participation, and Projects

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Alm, Oral Roberts University; William Parker Garrison, Oral Roberts University; Victor R. C. Gomes, Oral Roberts University; Caleb H. Harris, Oral Roberts University; Gabriel Troy Shrauger, Oral Roberts University; Caleb Whitacre, Oral Roberts University; John E. Matsson, Oral Roberts University

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

since it had the highest thrust out ofthose tested. From a performance standpoint, the standard 2-blade propeller stood out among thebest, but another outstanding propeller type was the 2-blade injection molded toroidal propeller.It was quieter than other propellers and this is reinforcing the notion that one of the benefits ofthe toroidal propeller is its relative lower sound level. An important advancement in dronetechnology has been to decrease the noise emitted by drones, so finding a more quiet propellerdesign is an important step toward this goal.The university plans on continuing this experiment as part of an aerodynamics lab. There are acouple of ideas to expand on the tests, with the first being to experiment with different

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 3 - Diversity

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hannah Rosene Conover Kimmel, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Maya Sri Miriyala, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Hanwen Liang, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Megha Agrawal, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Kaitlyn Tuvilleja, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Rebecca Marie Reck, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

common thread from UDL, EM, and HCD is collaboratively identifying solutions to meet theneeds of many users. As such, methods from all three frameworks were applied throughout thisproject to identify potential improvements to the bioinstrumentation lab.Background on Participatory Action ResearchOne common application of participatory action research (PAR) is developing knowledge andidentifying opportunities for quality improvement. The PAR approach combines participants andexperts in the research of social practices [12]. Generally, PAR includes cycles of reflection,planning, action, and observation. In education, PAR can be employed by instructors who wishto improve their teaching or courses by gathering evidence of teaching effectiveness

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 5 - Remote, Virtual, and Digital Realities

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marcos Jose Inonan Moran, University of Washington; Rania Hussein, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

students who otherwise face barriers to accessing traditional campusresources due to logistical constraints. Furthermore, our findings underline the importance ofconsidering socio-economic contexts when implementing technological educational tools, toensure they are effective across diverse environments.Looking ahead, our research will continue to develop and expand the capabilities of remotelaboratories to further enhance their accessibility and effectiveness. We plan to improve thetechnological infrastructure of remote labs, ensuring they are robust enough to handle advancedsimulations and support a dynamic learning environment. This includes integrating insights fromthe current study into enhancing the MELODY model’s framework, specifically

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 6: Bring Your Own Experiment!

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Y Heil-heintz; Jacob Wojcicki, Rowan University; Mitja Trkov, Rowan University; Wei Xue, Rowan University; Smitesh Bakrania, Rowan University; Cassandra Sue Ellen Jamison, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

mounts for electromagnets.To guide students through this four-phase process, sample structures or devices of each phase(discussed in the Running the Activity section) should also be prepared by the instructor beforethe class. Students will be able to check out these samples at the start of each phase (a tube-manmold, a magnetic silicone tube, electromagnets, etc). This will allow the planned activity to be runin shorter time frames as students will be able to apprehend the ideas quickly or build their designsoff the provided sample structures. Additionally, a sample rubric along with some framing for theproject is provided in Appendix A which should help guide instructors in running the activity.Running the ActivityThe suggested process below is

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 1 - Fluids, Wind, and Flow

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Blake Everett Johnson, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

withexperimental plans to build that fountain.I think doing a design project is more interesting to students than a regular lab with reports butthey need more information on how to design their fountain iterativelyI think the applied form of this project is great for engineering students who rarely get to see adesign or theory be proven in reality. It provides them with a stronger foundation for theirthinking around fluid mechanics and gives better intuition on how fluids behave.The mandatory design of experiment, giving them time/lab exercises that help them gather thenecessary data to design their setup.I feel the design aspect of this lab was very helpful. The students were able to take data theyacquired and use it to design the fountain for specific

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 6: Bring Your Own Experiment!

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Richard Midiri, Rowan University; Kathy Trieu, Rowan University; Wei Xue, Rowan University; Mitja Trkov, Rowan University; Cassandra Sue Ellen Jamison, Rowan University; Smitesh Bakrania, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

create an initial mechanism to exploremethods to actuate. In this rapid prototyping phase, students should be encouraged to use easy-to-manipulate (e.g., cardboard, rubber bands) materials to develop multiple iterations of initial McKibbenmuscle mechanisms. Students should be encouraged to develop a design that addresses one of the threegame challenges using a McKibben muscle. Another option is to assign students to produce a simplemechanism to complete a specified task that will sufficiently develop the student's understanding of themuscle actuation. Subsequently, students will be able to brainstorm various ways to address the remainingchallenges not yet designed. Students should be given time to then sketch and plan for their

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 1 - Fluids, Wind, and Flow

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica Weakly, University of Pennsylvania; Sarah Ho, University of Pennsylvania; Erica Feehery, University of Pennsylvania; Bruce David Kothmann, University of Pennsylvania; Cynthia Sung, University of Pennsylvania

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

Conference Session

ELOS Technical Session 1 - Fluids, Wind, and Flow

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Blake Everett Johnson, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Partha Kumar Das, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

configurations. Theexperiment fit coherently into the lab curriculum. Because of the nature of this course and labexercise, whereby students must develop an understanding of the equipment in order to performthe experiments, this exercise may be useful for direct evaluation of ABET Criteria 3: StudentOutcomes 6 regarding “an ability to develop and conduct appropriate experimentation, analyzeand interpret data, and use engineering judgment to draw conclusions.” With careful planning andadministration of this exercise, other outcomes could also be evaluated, such as Outcomes 1, 3, 5,and 7 [20]. Additionally, the system described in this paper has the benefits of being easilymaintained at low cost. For example, to replace any single system in one of the two