Conference Session

Computers in Education (CoED) Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Neelam Soundarajan, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

ProgramsAbstractThe importance of collaborative learning is well recognized. But achieving collaborative learning,especially in engineering (or, in general, in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM))courses, is challenging. Over the last several years, a number of online technologies that can beused to effect collaborative learning have been introduced. Especially promising are wikis and pro-grams in various disciplines have introduced wiki-based collaborative activities. But researchershave reported that, contrary to expectations, wiki-based activities have not resulted in promotingcollaborative learning. The results have been especially poor in STEM courses.Peer-instruction (PI) is a classroom technique that helps students help each other

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James E. Lewis, University of Louisville; Jeffrey Lloyd Hieb, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

Paper ID #6940Using MyMathLab for Learning Reinforcement in the Classroom and Atten-dance Data for Engineering CalculusDr. James E. Lewis, University of Louisville Dr. James E. Lewis, Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Fundamentals in the J. B. Speed School of Engineering at the University of Louisville. His research interests include parallel and distributed computer systems, cryptography, engineering education, undergraduate retention, and technology (Tablet PCs) used in the classroom.Jeffrey Lloyd Hieb, University of Louisville Dr. Jeffrey L. Hieb is an Assistant Professor with the

Conference Session

Distance Education and Engineering Workforce Professional Development

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ed Alef, Rochester College; Soma Chakrabarti, University of Kansas

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

for Today’s Practicing Engineers”, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1997 Conference •”Successful Model for Corporate-University Col- laboration”, International Association for Continuing Engineering education (IACEE), 2001 5th World Conference, in partnership with the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor •”Designing Engineer Educa- tional Partnership Model”, IACEE 2001 5th World Conference, in partnership with Michigan Technolog- ical University •”Reengineering a Successful Graduate Program”, IACEE 2001 5th World Conference, in partnership with Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute •”Developing Product and Manufacturing Integra- tion Engineers”, IACEE 2001 5th World Conference, in partnership with

Conference Session

Distance Education and Engineering Workforce Professional Development

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Soma Chakrabarti, University of Kansas; Zachary Gredlics, University of Kansas; Kevin Curry, University of Kansas; Kara D Lynch, University of Kansas Continuing Education

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

Paper ID #6724Sustaining Successful Continuing Professional Engineering Education Pro-grams by Systematic Assessment of the Key Performance ResultsDr. Soma Chakrabarti, University of Kansas Dr. Soma Chakrabarti is the director of the Center for Engineering and Interdisciplinary Professional Education (CEIPE) and the associate director of Continuing Education at the University of Kansas. She provides strategic direction in business development to the units of Aerospace Short Course Program, Engineering Technology Certificate Program, Engineering Management Certificate Program, engineer- ing conferences and

Conference Session

Computers in Education (CoED) Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander Hans Nagl, Penn State Berks; Rungun Nathan, Penn State Berks

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

State Berks Dr. Rungun Nathan is an associate professor in the division of engineering at Penn State-Berks. He got his B.S. from University of Mysore, his DIISc from Indian Institute of Science, his M.S. from Louisiana State University and his Ph.D. from Drexel University. He has worked in electronic packaging in C-DOT in India and then as a scientific assistant in the Robotics laboratory at the Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore, India. He worked as a post-doc at University of Pennsylvania in the area of Haptics and Virtual Reality. His research interests are in the areas of unmanned vehicles particularly flapping flight, mechatronics, robotics, MEMS, virtual reality and haptics, and teaching with technology

Conference Session

Distance Education and Engineering Workforce Professional Development

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Noah Miller, Northrop Grumman, Electronic Systems; Timothy Boyd, Northrop Grumman Corporation; Eric Paul Pearson, Northrop Grumman

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

Paper ID #8203”Decision Making: The Full Monty!” – A Uniquely Inspired Leadership Train-ing ExperienceMr. Noah Miller, Northrop Grumman, Electronic Systems Noah Miller – Change Agent, Intrapeneur, and Software Engineer – brings passion to all that he does, es- pecially in fusing technology and people to accomplish the mission. Most recently, ”His business aware- ness and leadership skills have grown in scope as he takes on challenges beyond his cost and schedule objectives that are geared towards helping elicit excellence from others in the company.” He has kicked it into high-gear as an engineer-teacher after

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University; Mehmet Ayar, TUBITAK; Dennie L. Smith, Texas A&M University; Christine Ehlig-Economides, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, and design and evaluation of learning environments informed by the How People Learn framework.Dr. Mehmet Ayar, TUBITAK Dr. Mehmet Ayar is a scientific programs expert in the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). He received his PhD. in Curriculum and Instruction with specialization in STEM education at Texas A&M University in 2012. His research is in ethnographic studies of science and engineering practice, curriculum development, design of learning environments and robotics activities. Dr. Ayar worked for the Live Energy Project during his PhD studies at Texas A&M University. Prior to his PhD studies, he worked for three years as a science teacher at a private school in

Conference Session

Distance Education and Engineering Workforce Professional Development

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kim A. Scalzo, State University of New York, HQ; Lisa Miles Raposo, State University of New York Center for Professional Development

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

in an EU-US DAETE and DAETE2 projects to develop international quality standards for continuing education centers. She is also a co-creator of the Bray-Scalzo Partnership Model for creating and sustaining successful partnerships. Kim currently serves as Chair of the Continuing Professional Development Division of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE-CPD). She is also a member of the International Association of Continuing Engineering Education (IACEE) Council and serves as the Vice President for Products and Services on the IACEE Executive Committee. Additionally, she has served as a member of the National University Telecommunications Network (NUTN) Advisory Board and is currently a member of

Conference Session

Computers in Education (CoED) Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bill M. Diong, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

energy systems, and dynamic systems and control. Page 23.1397.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Work-in-Progress: Videos and Video Podcasts - What Engineering Educators Ought to KnowAbstract The use of recorded video for education has been around for several decades since theadvent of film. But recent technological advancements, in particular the continued growingpopularity in the U.S. and in other countries of devices that can be used for viewing videos, requirecertain key questions to be re-visited and new questions to be answered. A

Conference Session

Distance Education and Engineering Workforce Professional Development

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tim Boyd, Northrop Grumman Corporation; Eric Paul Pearson, Northrop Grumman, Electronic Systems; Noah Miller, Northrop Grumman, Electronic Systems

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

Paper ID #8204An Effective Leadership Development Experience through Modular Skill BasedSimulationsMr. Tim Boyd, Northrop Grumman Corporation After graduating from the California Institute of Technology in 2006, Tim started working at Northrop Grumman as a Systems Engineer. Since 2006, Boyd has not only been involved in performance analysis and on-orbit sensor characterization but has also managed technical teams as a technical team lead and a deputy Integrated Project Team lead within the SEIT (Systems Engineering Integration and Test) organi- zation. Boyd has presented his work at both academic and industry

Conference Session

CIP Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abdullah I. Almhaidib, King Saud University

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

practical training of the College’s students in different industrial companies.The training period is 10 weeks. The latter area focuses on providing specialized engineeringtraining courses in different fields to the engineers. This paper presents the various aspects of thepartnership of College of Engineering at King Saud University with the industry.IntroductionGlobal competitiveness requires that engineering colleges contribute substantially to the diversehigh technology of the different nations. This is to be done through participation in broadeconomic development projects, through the intellectual property development and collaborationand through strong partnerships with industry, which provide both research support and studenteducation

Conference Session

Engineering in K-12 Science and Mathematics Standards

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tamara J Moore, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Kristina Maruyama Tank, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Aran W Glancy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Jennifer Anna Kersten, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities; Forster D Ntow, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

. Page 23.1234.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 The Status of Engineering in the Current K-12 State Science Standards (Research to Practice)Recent national documents pertaining to K-12 education have fostered a connection betweenengineering and science education to help better prepare our students and our society to meetcurrent and future challenges of our modern and technological society1-3. Additionally, thisconnection between science and engineering is essential for every American citizen in order tobetter make informed decisions about their everyday life, as well as nationally for the U.S. toremain competitive in the global economy in which we live3.However

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xia Wang, Oakland University; Qian Zou, Oakland University; Laila Guessous, Oakland University; Gary Barber, Oakland University; Michael A Latcha, Oakland University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #7524Engaging US Engineering Students in Fuel Cell Research at a Foreign SiteDr. Xia Wang, Oakland University Dr. Xia Wang is an associate professor in the department of Mechanical Engineering at Oakland Uni- versity. Her research and teaching interests lie in the areas of fluid mechanics and heat transfer, with an emphasis on fuel cell and battery technology. She was the program director for the NSF-funded project entitled International Research Experience for Students: Collaborative Research Activities with China on Fuel Cells at Oakland University.Dr. Qian Zou, Oakland University Dr. Qian Zou is an

Conference Session

Two-Year College Division Transfer Topics Part II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amelito G Enriquez, Canada College; Wenshen Pong, San Francisco State University; Hamid Shahnasser, San Francisco State University; Hamid Mahmoodi, San Francisco State University; Hao Jiang, San Francisco State University; Cheng Chen, San Francisco State University

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

Paper ID #6020Promoting Academic Excellence Among Underrepresented Community Col-lege Engineering Students through a Summer Research Internship ProgramDr. Amelito G Enriquez, Canada College Amelito Enriquez is a professor of engineering and mathematics at Ca˜nada College. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California, Irvine. His research interests in- clude technology-enhanced instruction and increasing the representation of female, minority and other underrepresented groups in mathematics, science and engineering.Prof. Wenshen Pong, San Francisco State University Wenshen Pong received

Conference Session

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Education Technical Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chi N. Thai, University of Georgia; Yan-Fu Kuo, National Taiwan University; Ping-Lang Yen, National Taiwan University

Tagged Divisions

Biological & Agricultural

Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2010.11. R. and M. Root-Bernstein, Sparks of Genius. Boston, MA: Mariner, 1999.12. K.R. Green, T. Pinder-Grover, J.M. Millunchick, “Impact of screencast technology: perceptions and performance”, Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 101, no. 4, pages 717-737, 2012. Page 23.341.15

Conference Session

K-12 Professional Development II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

So Yoon Yoon, INSPIRE, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Yi Kong, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Johannes Strobel, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

all first-year students entering the College of Engineering. She has coordinated and taught in a required first-year engineering course that engages students in open-ended problem solving and design. Her research focuses on the development, implemen- tation, and assessment of model-eliciting activities with realistic engineering contexts. She is currently the Director of Teacher Professional Development for the Institute for P-12 Engineering Research and Learning (INSPIRE).Dr. Johannes Strobel, Purdue University, West Lafayette Dr. Johannes Strobel is director of INSPIRE, Institute for P-12 Engineering Research and Learning, and Assistant Professor of engineering education and learning design and technology at

Conference Session

Difference, Disability, and (De)Politicization: The Invisible Axes of Diversity

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna M Riley, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

bodies to continue inengineering? Understanding embodiment and disembodiment in relation to able-bodiedheteronormativity in engineering can help answer these questions. If bodies bring or denyprivilege, how do we understand what constitutes transgression?While Queer Theory has scarcely been applied in engineering contexts, some feminist and anti-racist science and technology studies (STS) scholars have contributed analyses of gender, race,and class in engineering culture, describing able-bodied heterosexuality as part of normativemasculinities in engineering. Tanya Paulitz16 notes that it is important to recognize multiplemasculinities at work in engineering – there is not a single normative masculinity but ratherdifferent masculinities can be

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas David, Iowa State University; Suman Debnath, Purdue University; Munadir Aziz Ahmed; Dionysios C. Aliprantis, Iowa State University; Maryam Saeedifard, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

master’s degrees from the Indian Institute of Technology at Madras, India in 2010. Since 2010, he has been working in the Power and Energy Devices and Systems group at Purdue University as a Ph.D. student. His main interests are in medium-to-high power electronic converters for grid-integration of renewable energy resources and other drive applications.Mr. Munadir Aziz AhmedProf. Dionysios C. Aliprantis, Iowa State University Dionysios C. Aliprantis received his Diploma in electrical and computer engineering from the National Technical University of Athens, Greece in 1999 and received his Ph.D. from Purdue University in 2003. He is currently an assistant professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Iowa State

Conference Session

Laboratory Experiences in Electronics and Circuits

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jodi Reeves, National University; Bhaskar Sinha, National University; Mohammad N Amin, National University; Arthur Strum Davis

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Paper ID #6793Innovations in Remote Laboratories & Simulation Software for Online andOn-Site Engineering StudentsDr. Jodi Reeves, National University Dr. Jodi Reeves is an associate professor in the Department of Applied Engineering at National University in San Diego, CA. She teaches courses in design engineering, engineering management, electric circuits, and other applied engineering courses. She is also the lead faculty for the Data Analytics program in the School of Engineering, Technology, and Media at National University. Prior to academia, she worked for almost ten years as a quality control manager

Conference Session

K-12 Robotics

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mehmet Ayar, TUBITAK; Bugrahan Yalvac, Texas A&M University; Fatih Ugurdag, Ozyegin University; Alpaslan Sahin, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Paper ID #6048A Robotics Summer Camp for High School Students: Pipelines ActivitiesPromoting Careers in Engineering FieldsDr. Mehmet Ayar, TUBITAK Dr. Mehmet C. Ayar is a scientific programs expert in the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). He received his PhD. in Curriculum and Instruction with specialization in STEM education at Texas A&M University in 2012. His research is in ethnographic studies of science and engineering practice, curriculum development, design of learning environments and robotics activities. He offers a graduate course in METU on communities of practice. Dr. Ayar

Conference Session

Computers in Education (CoED) Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Priya T Goeser, Armstrong Atlantic State University; Wayne Johnson, Armstrong Atlantic State University; Shonda L Bernadin, Georgia Southern University; Delana A. Gajdosik-Nivens, Armstrong Atlantic State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Bernadin, Georgia Southern University Dr. Shonda L. Bernadin is an associate professor of Electrical Engineering in the Department of Elec- trical Engineering at Georgia Southern University. Dr. Bernadin received her B.S. in Electrical Engi- neering from Florida A&M University, her M.S. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from University of Florida, and her Ph.D. from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Florida State University in 2003. Her research interests include digital signal processing, speech/voice analysis, and engineering education.Delana A. Gajdosik-Nivens, Armstrong Atlantic State University Dr. Delana Gajdosik-Nivens is the assistant dean of the College of Science and Technology

Conference Session

International Division Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Efra Altamirano; lourdes gazca, American University in Puebla, Mexico; Aurelio Lopez-Malo, Universidad de las Americas Puebla; Enrique Palou, Universidad de las Americas Puebla

Tagged Divisions

International

Science, Engineering, and Technology Education in the Department of Chemical, Food, and Environmental Engineering at Universidad de las Americas Puebla in Mexico. He teaches engineering, food science, and education related courses. His research interests include emerging technologies for food processing, creating effective learning environments, using tablet PCs and associated technologies to enhance the development of 21st century expertise in engineering students, and building rigorous research capacity in science, engineering and technology education. Page 23.437.1 c American

Conference Session

General Topics in Graduate Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mahnas Jean Mohammadi-Aragh, Virginia Tech; Lisa DuPree McNair, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Department. Her current re- search interests focus on technology in engineering education, human computer interaction, educational data mining, and scientific visualization.Dr. Lisa DuPree McNair, Virginia Tech Lisa DuPree McNair is an Associate Professor of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech, where she also serves as Assistant Department Head of Graduate Education and co-Director of the VT Engineering Communication Center (VTECC). She received her PhD in Linguistics from the University of Chicago and an M.A. and B.A. in English from the University of Georgia. Her research interests include interdis- ciplinary collaboration, design education, communication studies, identity theory and reflective practice. Projects

Conference Session

Potpouri - A Mix

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Oai Ha, Utah State University; Ning Fang, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

Paper ID #6516Computer Simulation and Animation in Engineering Mechanics: A CriticalReview and AnalysisOai ”Andy” Ha, Utah State University Oai Ha is currently a Ph.D. student in the Department of Engineering Education in the College of En- gineering at Utah State University. He works as a graduate research assistant on a research project that focuses on studying the effect of computer simulation and animation on student learning in engineering dynamics. He received his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Technology, Hochim- inh City, Vietnam, and his M.S. in Mechanical Engineering from California

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Branimir Pejcinovic, Portland State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Paper ID #6884Application of active learning in microwave circuit design coursesProf. Branimir Pejcinovic, Portland State University Branimir Pejcinovic received his Ph.D. and M.S. degrees from University of Massachusetts, Amherst and B.S. degree from University of Zagreb. He is a Professor at Portland State University, Electrical and Computer Engineering department. In his former role as Associate Chair for Undergraduate Education he has led department-wide changes in curriculum with emphasis on project- and lab-based instruction and learning. His research interests are in the areas of engineering education, semiconductor

Conference Session

Research and Graduate Studies

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vincent Capece, University of Kentucky; John R. Baker, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Paper ID #7492Experience with Mentoring and Directing Graduate Student Research at aDistance in a Mechanical Engineering ProgramDr. Vincent Capece, University of Kentucky Vincent R. Capece is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering. Dr. Capece received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Tennessee Technological University in 1980, M.S. in Mechanical Engineering from MIT in 1982, and Ph.D. from Purdue University in 1987.Dr. John R. Baker, University of Kentucky John R. Baker is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Kentucky Ex- tended Campus Program in Paducah, KY. He

Conference Session

Global Competency and What Makes a Successful Engineer

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amber Genau, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Tagged Divisions

International

course on the history of materials in orderto broaden participation.Background“Global competency” has become a buzzword in engineering education circles; everyone seemsto be talking about it. As technology knits distant parts of the world ever more closely together,the discussion within engineering education is part of a larger movement to create globallycompetent citizens [1]. Much effort has been expended to address what, exactly, is meant byglobal competency, why is it important, how it can be measured, and how it can be improved.By now, the importance of global competency for everyone, and engineers in particular [2,3], hasbeen well documented and evidence of the ability to work in an international, multi-culturalenvironment is valued by

Conference Session

Software Engineering Outreach: Industry, K-12

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sushil Acharya, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

Paper ID #6809Challenges and Benefits of Programming Competitions as Outreach to HighSchool StudentsDr. Sushil Acharya, Robert Morris University Sushil Acharya, D.Eng., Associate Professor of Software Engineering joined Robert Morris University in spring of 2005 after serving 15 years in the Software Industry. With US Airways Acharya was re- sponsible for creating a Data Warehouse conceptual design and using advance Data Mining Tools for performance improvement. With i2 Technologies he worked on i2’s Data Mining product ”Knowledge Discover Framework” and at CEERD (Thailand) he was the product manager of three energy

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kirsten A Davis, Boise State University; Ross A. Perkins, Boise State University; R. Casey Cline, Boise State University; Sondra M Miller, Boise State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Engineering and Management from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Her educational research interests are focused on improving construction management education.Dr. Ross A. Perkins, Boise State University Dr. Perkins is an associate professor in the Department of Educational Technology at Boise State Uni- versity, where he also serves as the coordinator of the department’s Ed.D. program. His research inter- ests include the diffusion and adoption of technologies and innovations for education, mobile learning, instructional design for distance education in STEM and other disciplines, and ICT integration in devel- oping nations. He is the Co-PI on two grants funded by the National Science Foundation

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Lee Heyman, United States Military Academy; Wenli Huang, U.S. Military Academy; Guangming Xie, Peking University; Pongpat Taephanitcharoen, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

purpose of theprogram is for our students to conduct collaborative engineering projects together with thestudents at Chinese universities. We hope, through living in China and interacting with Chinesestudents, our students will be immersed in Chinese culture; gain regional experiences, andperform in a multi-lingual environment. The students are chosen from majors in electricalengineering, computer science, or information technology and they have had at least one year ofChinese language instruction. The average cost for the trip is about $3500.00 per student for atwo week trip. This trip is longer than necessary for competing in the competition, but givesstudents more time to explore a foreign culture. Costs could be slightly reduced by