Conference Session

CEIII Wrapup

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Austin Bates Talley, University of Texas, Austin; Richard H. Crawford, University of Texas, Austin; Christina Kay White, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

traditionally underrepresented groups in engineering education. Page 23.360.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Curriculum Exchange: Middle School Students Go Beyond Blackboards to Solve the Grand ChallengesAbstractOur program offers an integrated approach to engaging middle school students in activities thatimprove awareness and understanding of a range of STEM college and career pathways. Theprogram is framed within the Grand Challenges of the 21st Century identified by the NationalAcademy of Engineering (NAE). The focus of this paper is the curriculum used for

Conference Session

Undergraduate Student Issues: Culture

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Litzler, University of Washington; Julie Ann Lorah, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

schools.BackgroundThere are various reasons why students may not be attracted to engineering. Students do notnecessarily see engineering as a field where they can work with other people, contribute tosociety, or be creative2,3. In fact, many people don’t really know what engineering is2,3 andbelieve stereotypes and misconceptions, such as thinking that engineers are nerdy and boring3,that engineering means working with machinery2, and even confusing engineers with carmechanics4. Students want to choose careers that involve more creativity and challenge and thatseem more socially relevant3,5.Currently, the economy is in need of more engineers than are available within the United Statesand Europe2 which may be exacerbated by the fact that students are likely

Conference Session

Assessment of Community Engagement

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Antonette T. Cummings P.E., Purdue University; James Huff, Purdue University; William C. Oakes, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

, contribution to the 155community, value of service)Total Number of respondents 2044Alumni surveys are the newest form of programmatic assessment and were designed to provide aperspective from alumni after they have been out in the workforce. The survey items weredesigned to assess alumni with regard to the influence of EPICS on: (1) their careers, (2) theircommunity involvement, and (3) their ability to connect their career/discipline to communityengagement. The survey was also leveraged data for educational research that will be the subjectof future papers. The survey questions are included in Appendix E

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary and Undergraduate Research in Engineering Technology

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiaojing Yuan, University of Houston (CoT); Heidar Malki, University of Houston (CoT); Gangbing Song, University of Houston (CoE)

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, career plans, their reason for applying to the summer research program, and tworecommendation letters. The selection committee was formed from participating facultymembers, who meet towards the end of the March to select REU fellows based on the merit oftheir applications. Applicants were asked to rank available research projects based on their interest and wereaccommodated as much as possible to work on projects from among their top three selections. Inthree years, the REU Site accommodated 35 fellows, 34% of whom were underrepresented andminority students. The fellows came from universities and colleges in 18 states across the nation. Page

Conference Session

New Approaches in Engineering

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Singli Garcia-Otero, Virginia State University; Nasser Ghariban, Virginia State University; Fedra Adnani

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

using a 3D printer to“print” the 3D models). In this way, these advanced students are more challenged and moreinterested in the course.On the other hand, the sections with low assessment test scores spend more time reviewingessential fundamental mathematical skills. These less advanced students are not “left behind”during class lectures, and this mathematical review strengthens their mathematics to help them infuture science and engineering courses.Additionally, several times during the semester the students in all sections have a large commonclass together (in an auditorium) for special topics such as invited speakers, career development,and resume writing. At the end of the semester, all of the students take the math skill assessmentexam

Conference Session

Motivation and Self-Efficacy

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hannah Kolar, Arizona State University; Adam R Carberry, Arizona State University; Ashish Amresh, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

self-efficacy – Page 23.889.2listed in decreasing influence and importance: 1) Performance accomplishments or mastery experiences, 2) Vicarious experiences, 3) Verbal or social persuasions, 4) Physiological states.The combined effect of these four sources determines someone’s self-efficacy toward agiven task.2 A number of studies of self-efficacy in engineering have been conducted.3-12Of particular importance is Quade’s study, which developed an instrument to measureproblem-solving, computer troubleshooting, career encouragement, satisfaction withcollege major, career exploration, and course anxiety.6 The analysis revealed gains

Conference Session

Computers in Education (CoED) Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander Hans Nagl, Penn State Berks; Rungun Nathan, Penn State Berks

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

doors, to ensureyou have your seat belt on, house alarm systems, traffic monitoring and control,almost every industrial process and many more applications. Using sensors andsensor data in engineering classrooms is becoming increasingly beneficial forengineering education. It motivates students to pursue science and engineeringdisciplines as well as associated career paths1. Lessons in the classroom quicklybecome more interesting2 and engaging3. Advances in mobile devices, education, business and research have resultedin the use of powerful microprocessors with an array of capabilities and sensorsbuilt in4. Mobile devices are capable of word processing, Internet access, andsome are even capable of preliminary human motion analysis4. It seems

Conference Session

International Division Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeff Scott Thomas; Nick M. Safai, Salt Lake Community College; Christopher F Thompson S.M.ASCE, Salt Lake Community College

Tagged Divisions

International

attending SLCC, he has been involved in extracurricular activities. He is the student president for the American Society of Civil Engineers student chapter at SLCC, and the vice president of Leadership for Phi Theta Kappa. He served as an event manager and the head state referee for the 2012 Utah FIRST LEGO League season. He looks forward to graduating with an A.S. in General Studies in the spring of 2014 followed by an associate’s of pre-engineering degree in Chemical/Civil/Environmental Engineering in the fall of 2015. He chooses to study civil/environmental engineering as a way to grow within his already existing career field. For the past six years, he has worked in the civil engineering profession as a designer

Conference Session

Socio-cultural Dimensions of Community Engagement

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aimee S Navickis-Brasch P.E., University of Idaho, Moscow; Anne Liu Kern, University of Idaho; Jillian Rae Cadwell, University of Idaho ; Laura Laumatia Laumatia; Fritz Fiedler, University of Idaho, Moscow

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

Paper ID #7302How Land Use Change, Changed CultureMs. Aimee S Navickis-Brasch P.E., University of Idaho, Moscow Aimee Navickis-Brasch is a registered professional engineer with over nineteen years of experience in Hydraulic and Stormwater Engineering including positions with: Bovay Northwest Consulting Engineers (Dames and Moore), Boeing, and Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). The ma- jority of her career was spent working for WSDOT as a headquarters hydraulic and stormwater engineer where she was responsible for providing statewide support including; design, research, training, men- toring, and

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Judy Santa Cruz, Texas A&M University; Dimitris C. Lagoudas P.E., Texas A&M University; Darren John Hartl, Texas A&M University; Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

per the actuation fatigue behavior of SMAs shown in Fig. 1.The following sections present the various activities and the research work undertaken by theundergraduate student. The research work includes the specimen preparation, experimentalsetup, in-situ method development, results and discussion, and work in progress. Finally, thesummer research program is assessed and its implications on future academic and career plans. Page 23.725.4 Actuation Strain (A) (B)Fig. 1. SMA Actuation (A) Representative strain vs. temperature plot for an SMA correspondingto a complete

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emmanuelle Reynaud, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Linda Barrington, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Ella Willard-Schmoe, University of Massachusetts Lowell

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

% ofthem did not vote in a recent public election. A majority of them (53%) report havingparticipated in one to three S-L projects, 30% report more than three, and 17% report none.The participants considered security as the most important career value, and income as the leastimportant value (similar to what has been observed in previous years). The students are onaverage in agreement with the principles of the S-L implementation and activities. In particular,they are strongly positive towards the benefits of hands-on experience (7.7 on a 9 point Likertscale). Students are divided, however, on the mandatory nature of the S-L implementation, astheir mean score is 5.15 (not significantly different from neutral (i.e. 5) at a 5% risk level) on aLikert

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shiwen Mao, Auburn University; Yingsong Huang, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University; Yihan Li, Auburn University; Prathima Agrawal, Auburn University; Jitendra K Tugnait, Auburn University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Engineering for the Department of Elec- trical and Computer Engineering at Auburn University in 2012. He received Auburn Alumni Council Research Awards for Excellence—Junior Award and two Auburn Author Awards in 2011. He received NSF Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award in 2010. He is a co-recipient of the 2004 IEEE Communications Society Leonard G. Abraham Prize in the Field of Communications Systems and the Best Paper Runner-up Award of QShine 2008. He is on the Editorial Board of IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Elsevier Ad Hoc Networks Journal, Wiley International Journal of Communication Systems, and ICST Transactions on Mobile Com- munications

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David B Kanipe, Texas A&M University; Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University; Jacques C. Richard, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

holding successively responsible positions, he was selected as chief of the Aeroscience and Flight Mechanics Division in the Engineering Directorate at the Johnson Space Center in January 2001 and served in that position until retirement on December 31, 2010. A month after his arrival at NASA, the last Apollo mission, Apollo 17, was launched. Obviously, that was exciting, but in terms of his career, the commencement of the Space Shuttle Program in November 1972 was to have far more impact. As a result, Kanipe was able to begin his career working on what he says was the most interesting and exciting project he could possibly imagine: the Space Shuttle. Kanipe moved into management in May 1990 when he became the Deputy

Conference Session

CEIII Wrapup

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandra Hull Seale, UCSB; Amir Muhsin Abo-Shaeer, Dos Pueblos Engineering Academy

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

enrolled students are female and more than 200 students inthe school district apply in 8th grade for the 100 available spaces in the program.Many students report that this is their favorite class of the day in high school. Manystudents who were not considering engineering as a career have said that they now planto major in engineering in college.This approach to project-based education can be delivered by any high school. Thecurriculum is portable and can be set up in a school that has a modest machine shop. It ispossible to start with a single teacher and a small cohort of students and grow theprogram incrementally. Page 23.359.7

Conference Session

FPD 6: Transitions and Student Success, Part II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jerry Volcy, Spelman College; Carmen Sidbury, Spelman College

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

 causes  and  contributors  to  non-­‐persistence  and  found  that  a  strong  predictor  of  students  who  persist  and  those  who  don’t  to  be  the  student’s  declared  reason  for  pursuing  engineering  as  a  study  major  16.    Students  who  pursue  engineering  careers  because  of  interest  in  the  discipline  tend  to  persist  while  students  who  choose  engineering  for  other  reasons,  including  the  all  too  often  stated  proclivity  for  mathematics  2,  do  not.    Students  in  this  second  group  clearly  fail  to  understand  that  while  being  good  at,  and  even  enjoying,  mathematics  may  be  a  pre-­‐requisite  for  engineering,  it  is  not  a  predictor  of  compatibility  with  the  discipline

Conference Session

Outreach to K-12 Females

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chrysanthe Demetry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Suzanne Sontgerath, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

, 84(2),191-215.23. Betz, N. E. & Hackett, G. (2006). Career self-efficacy theory: Back to the future. Journal of Career Assessment,14(1), 3-11.24. Hill, O.W., Pettus, W.C., & Hedin, B.A. (1990). Three studies of factors affecting the attitudes of blacks andfemales toward the pursuit of science and science-related careers. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 27(4),289-314.25. Smith, W.S., & Erb, T.O. (1986). Effect of women science career role models on early adolescents’ attitudestoward scientists and women in science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 23(8), 667-676.26. Evans, M.A., & Whigham, M. (1995). The effect of a role model project upon the attitudes of ninth-gradescience students. Journal of Research in

Conference Session

It's Elementary

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melissa Higgins, Engineering is Elementary, Museum of Science; Jonathan Hertel, Engineering is Elementary

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

in developing activities that meet the needs of diverse OST programs. Sites vary inprogrammatic focus, location, facilities, schedule, and almost every other characteristic. Thesame children do not necessarily attend every day, and their background knowledge likely differsdue to mixed grade level groups being populated by children from different schools or evendifferent districts. Common ground among programs can usually be found, however, around theskills OST programs value and work to foster in children. Many OST programs emphasize theimportance of critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity, the types of skillsthat help children grow into productive, thoughtful adults regardless of their eventual career path

Conference Session

Institutional Transformations

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Canan Bilen-Green, North Dakota State University; Roger A. Green, North Dakota State University; Christi McGeorge, North Dakota State University ; Cali L. Anicha, North Dakota State University; Ann Burnett, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Since its inception in 2001, 50 institutions across the country have received a NationalScience Foundation (NSF) ADVANCE Institutional Transformational Award. The goal of theNSF ADVANCE program is to increase participation of women in academic science andengineering careers. The ADVANCE FORWARD project, funded by NSF in 2008, seeks todevelop and implement a comprehensive research-driven strategy to increase participation ofwomen in all faculty and academic administrative positions across our institution. Thus,because NSF funding is limited to science and engineering disciplines, funds are provided byour institution to support ADVANCE FORWARD project activities for faculty who are in non-STEM disciplines. ADVANCE FORWARD’s approach to

Conference Session

Four Pillars of Manufacturing

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Nutter, Ohio Northern University; Hugh Jack, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

(Academia), or Professional or Academic administration. Multiple responses were permitted for those whose careers spanned more than one area to a significant degree.An Application of the Survey ResultsA primary objective of this survey was to identify the topics of highest value to manufacturingcompanies, and also those of significantly lower value. Although it is understood that variousinstitutions and industries will have different priorities, this does offer the opportunity to considerwhich ones might be appropriate for emphasis. Alternatively, those considered less important might bereviewed to see if they represent a disproportionate component of an existing curriculum. If sometopics were to be added or expanded, others may need to be

Conference Session

Emerging Computing and Information Technologies

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bahareh Azarnoush, Arizona State University; Jennifer M Bekki, Arizona State University; Bianca L. Bernstein, Arizona State University; George C Runger, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

. Participants respondedwith levels of agreement to each of the items on the instrument (presented in a 5-point Likertscale from "Strongly Agree" to "Strongly Disagree"), and a few example items are providedbelow. "I know how to identify the type of support I need from a mentor to help me meet my career goals." "When things go wrong with my research I question my commitment to my field."Of note is that further information on the methods, participants, and results of the CareerWISERCT can be found elsewhere17 and is outside the scope of this paper. We briefly describe theRCT study here here simply to provide some context for the data upon which the case study’sassociation analysis is to be applied.ResultsThe R software for

Conference Session

Retention and Persistence in Engineering

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cathy W. Hall, East Carolina University; Karen A. De Urquidi, East Carolina University; Paul J. Kauffmann P.E., East Carolina University; Karl Louis Wuensch, East Carolina University; William W. Swart, East Carolina University; Odis Hayden Griffin Jr. P.E., East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

UniversityDr. Paul J. Kauffmann P.E., East Carolina University Paul J. Kauffmann is a professor in the Department of Engineering at East Carolina University. His industrial career included positions as Plant Manager and Engineering Director. Dr. Kauffmann received a BS degree in Electrical Engineering and MENG in Mechanical Engineering from Virginia Tech. He received his Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering from Penn State and is a registered Professional Engineer in Virginia and North Carolina.Prof. Karl Louis Wuensch, East Carolina University Karl L. Wuensch is a full professor in the Department of Psychology at East Carolina University. In addition to teaching the three graduate courses in statistics and research design

Conference Session

Undergraduate Student Issues: Culture

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marie C Paretti, Virginia Tech; Courtney S Smith-Orr, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

-efficacy. In 2010, Joneset al. found mixed results in a study of first-year engineering students, with no statisticallysignificant differences associated with attainment, interest, utility, identification, or career-plans;although men did score higher with respect to self-efficacy and expectancy, the difference wassignificant only for expectancy10.In a related study, Jones et al. found few differences between men and women with respect toengineering identification, gender identification, GPA, or likelihood of changing major, andwomen reported higher perceptions of engineering ability11. The analysis also indicated noeffects for stereotype threat; notably, however, although both men and women scored relativelylow with respect to endorsing negative

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathleen Alfano, College of the Canyons

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

school teachers, andindustry professionals recruited to be teachers to acquire the technical knowledge andcertifications and pedagogical skills to teach renewable energy in their classrooms; 3)develop and implement a 2+2+2 pathway through partnership with high schools anduniversities to allow students interested in renewable energy careers to have a definedcareer ladder with multiple exit points integrated with industry certifications and collegecertificate and degree attainment; 4) conduct continuous assessment and evaluation withimbedded targeted research of curricular and professional development strategies toensure that student, faculty, and industry goals are attained; and, 5) disseminate both theproducts and the partnership process to

Conference Session

CEED - Technical Session 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Manuel D. Rossetti, University of Arkansas; Edgar C Clausen, University of Arkansas; Carol Schubert Gattis, University of Arkansas; Micah Hale, University of Arkansas; Kim LaScola Needy, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

23.942.3integrated work experiences. In the following section, we discuss how the SIIRE program isstructured and how it operates.Structure of the SIIRE ProgramThe SIIRE program address the following objectives:1. To provide underrepresented and financially needy undergraduate students with information on the benefits and opportunities associated with graduate education,2. To provide underrepresented and financially needy undergraduate students with enhanced financial support and career experiences to improve the likelihood of completing both a BS and a MS in engineering,3. To provide personalized integrated industry and academic mentoring and professional development that results in increased enrollment and completion of graduate engineering

Conference Session

K-12 and STEM Programs in Engineering Technology

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University; Joseph A. Morgan, Texas A&M University; Matt Leonard, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

failures to reduce fear of taking risks, sparks studentcreativity and a passion for learning in STEM areas, builds students’ sense of pride andaccomplishment, provides opportunities for students to determine if they are interested inpursuing STEM careers, and develops an understanding of authentic engineering research anddesign.In 2012, NASA selected a total of six high schools in the vicinity of Houston to develop modulesfor use by NASA. The projects proposed by NASA for 2012 include: 1) Washing Machine; 2)Exercise Machine; 3) Mock up Space Station module; 4) A tool that quickly and simplymeasures all types of Hex and Allen sizes, 5) General Luminaire Assembly.To enhance the experience of the students, NASA sponsored two supplemental projects

Conference Session

Culture, Race, and Gender Issues

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

books thatfocused on biological sciences were found to contain significant biases especially related togender. These biases may influence how students feel about careers in science, technology,engineering and mathematics (STEM) areas and therefore may impact future workforces inSTEM fields.IntroductionEngineers and scientist utilize the principles and theories of science and mathematics to design,test, and manufacture products that are important to the future of our nation and the world.1 Thepercentage of college students seeking degrees in math, science and engineering disciplines hasbeen declining for the past two decades. This is in part because fewer potential science,technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors are completing

Conference Session

K-12 Robotics

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Krystal S Corbett, Cyber Innovation Center; JoAnn M. Marshall, Cyber Innovation Center/National Integrated Cyber Education Research Center

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

the University of Georgia. Her professional career has been dedicated to non-profit organizations in the form of events planning, development, grant writing, and coordinating educational activities for K-12 students. Page 23.1083.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 STEM Applications: Integrating Informal Learning with the Formal Learning EnvironmentAbstractMany times only a select group of students are able to participate in after school activities due tovarious reasons. Because only a few students are able to participate from a given class

Conference Session

Secondary (6-12) Outreach

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ethan Alexander Peritz, Tufts Center for Engineering Education and Outreach; Morgan M Hynes, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

is the nature of the growing relationship between TuftsUniversity and Somerville High School, which is initiating a four year “pre-engineering”program for students in its Center for Career and Technical Education (CTE) with the help of theCenter for Engineering Education and Outreach (CEEO). This “pre-engineering” program drawsfrom a number of introductory collegiate engineering and service learning courses, focusing onproject-based, interactive class work, some elements of an inverted classroom model, andconstructionism. Additionally, the program’s development reveals issues that can arise incommunity-university partnerships, specifically the vital importance of communication betweenboth parties. Programs like “pre-engineering” also provide

Conference Session

Engineering Leadership Development Division Technical Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diana Bairaktarova, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Glen DePalma, Purdue University; Pouneh Eftekhari

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

, and change in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. Primary research projects explore the preparation of engineering doctoral students for careers in academia and industry and the development of engineering education assessment tools. She is a National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career (CA- REER) award winner and is a recipient of a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE).Glen DePalma, Purdue University Glen DePalma is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Statistics at Purdue University.Ms. Pouneh Eftekhari Page 23.520.1

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anil Saigal, Tufts University; Arun Karthik Saigal, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

; it does not appear to be true at the top ranked institutions. So what do these finding mean for graduate schools and graduate students? As the fraction ofdoctorates employed in tenure track positions in academia continues to decline and becomehighly competitive5, it might be more than ever important for graduate schools in general toredefine the PhD as also training for high-level positions in careers outside academia besidespreparing them for an academic position.  Figure 1 – Percentage of Faculty with Doctorate from the Home InstitutionTraditionally, PhD programs place emphasis on providing teaching and research opportunities tostudents as preparation for academic careers. For those that move into finding alternate non-academic